Gastrin Releasing Peptide Compounds

ABSTRACT

New and improved compounds for use in diagnostic imaging or therapy having the formula M-N—O—P-G, wherein M is a metal chelator having the structure: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R1-R5 and FG are as defined herein (in the form complexed with a metal radionuclide or not), N—O—P is the linker containing at least one non-alpha amino acid with a cyclic group, at least one substituted bile acid or at least one non-alpha amino acid, and G is the GRP receptor targeting peptide. In the preferred embodiment, M is an Aazta metal chelator or a derivative thereof. 
     Methods for imaging a patient and/or providing radiotherapy or phototherapy to a patient using the compounds of the invention are also provided. Methods and kits for preparing a diagnostic imaging agent from the compound is further provided. Methods and kits for preparing a radiotherapeutic agent are further provided. 
     Novel methods of treating prostate tumors or of delaying the progression of prostate tumors are also provided, including, methods of treating bone or soft tissue metastases of prostate cancer, methods for treating hormone sensitive and hormone refractory prostate cancer, methods for delaying the progression of hormone sensitive prostate cancer, for facilitating combination therapy in patients with hormone sensitive prostate cancer and for decreasing aberrant vascular permeability in patients with hormone sensitive prostate cancer.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 11/751,337,filed May 21, 2007, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No.11/352,156, filed Feb. 10, 2006, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S.Ser. No. 11/165,721, filed Jun. 24, 2005, which is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 10/828,925, filed Apr. 20, 2004,which is a continuation-in-part application of International ApplicationPCT/US2003/041328, filed Dec. 24, 2003, which is a continuation-in-partapplication of U.S. Ser. No. 10/341,577 filed Jan. 13, 2003, now U.S.Pat. No. 7,226,577. All of the above applications are herebyincorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to novel gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)compounds which are useful as diagnostic imaging agents orradiotherapeutic agents. These GRP compounds are labeled withradionuclides or labels detectable by in vivo light imaging and includethe use of novel linkers between the label and the targeting peptide,which provides for improved pharmacokinetics.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Prostate cancer encompasses a biological continuum ranging from a slowgrowing, indolent tumor to a highly aggressive and potentially fatalform. Most patients with metastatic prostate cancer receive drugs thatblock production of androgen, which promotes cancer cell proliferation.These drugs rarely cure cancer because the initial response is almostalways followed by a relapse to an unresponsive, hormone-refractorystage (hormone refractory prostate cancer or HRPC). The relatively slowtumor progression coupled with the advancing age of the patients meansthat competing causes of death are substantive contributors to mortalityin patients with prostate cancer. Thus while in HRPC patients tumorgrowth can be rapid and is a significant cause of death, in androgendependent cancers it may be sufficient to slow down the progression tothe more aggressive (HRPC) form.

Tumors stimulate the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) inorder to supply nutrients and oxygen to their structure. These vesselsare formed rapidly without the controls of normal tissue and so exhibitvarious defects including leakiness, fragility, structuraldisorganization, aberrant morphology including large diameter andtortuosity, interrupted flow patterns, etc. The leakiness of the tumorvasculature is thought to be due in part to the abnormal expression ofgrowth factors by tumor cells, and contributes to tumor growth andmetastasis.1 The vessels have been shown to leak proteins such asfibrin, which forms a fibrinogen platform for stromal growth and furthervessel development. A reduction in these abnormal vessels would resultin a less favorable environment for tumor progression and an increase inthe relative percentage of normal vessels to the area would lead to amore normal blood flow pattern to aid delivery of therapeutic agents.

The establishment of a prostate carcinoma primary cell line has thus farbeen unsuccessful (van Bokhoven A, Varella-Garcia M, Korch C, et al.Molecular Characteristics of Human Prostate Cell Lines. The Prostate(2003) 57:205-225). Cells from prostate tissue have proven to be amongthe most difficult from which to establish robust cultures. The celllines PC-3 (ATCC #CRL1435), LNCaP (ATCC #CRL-1740), and DU145 (ATCC#HTB-41) are the classical cell models, all with metastatic sites oforigin shown below:

Androgen Cell Line Tissue of Origin Sensitivity PC-3 Adenocarcinoma;bone No metastasis. LNCaP Adenocarcinoma; Yes supraclavicular lymph nodemetastasis. DU145 Carcinoma; brain No metastasis.

Human prostate cancer cell lines reflect the clinical range with LNCaPcells derived from a supraclavicular lymph node metastasis beingandrogen sensitive and representing the early forms and PC-3 cellsderived from a bone metastasis being androgen insensitive andrepresenting HRPC.

The use of radiopharmaceuticals (e.g., diagnostic imaging agents,radiotherapeutic agents) to detect and treat cancer is well known. Inmore recent years, the discovery of site-directed radiopharmaceuticalsfor cancer detection and/or treatment has gained popularity andcontinues to grow as the medical profession better appreciates thespecificity, efficacy and utility of such compounds.

These newer radiopharmaceutical agents typically consist of a targetingagent connected to a metal chelator, which can be chelated to (e.g.,complexed with) a diagnostic metal radionuclide such as, for example,technetium or indium, or a therapeutic metal radionuclide such as, forexample, lutetium, yttrium, or rhenium. The role of the metal chelatoris to hold (i.e., chelate) the metal radionuclide as theradiopharmaceutical agent is delivered to the desired site. A metalchelator which does not bind strongly to the metal radionuclide wouldrender the radiopharmaceutical agent ineffective for its desired usesince the metal radionuclide would therefore not reach its desired site.Thus, further research and development led to the discovery of metalchelators, such as that reported in U.S. Pat. No. 5,662,885 to Pollaket. al., hereby incorporated by reference, which exhibited strongbinding affinity for metal radionuclides and the ability to conjugatewith the targeting agent. Subsequently, the concept of using a “spacer”to create a physical separation between the metal chelator and thetargeting agent was further introduced, for example in U.S. Pat. No.5,976,495 to Pollak et. al., hereby incorporated by reference.

The role of the targeting agent, by virtue of its affinity for certainbinding sites, is to direct the diagnostic agent, such as aradiopharmaceutical agent containing the metal radionuclide, to thedesired site for detection or treatment. Typically, the targeting agentmay include a protein, a peptide, or other macromolecule which exhibitsa specific affinity for a given receptor. Other known targeting agentsinclude monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), antibody fragments (Fab's and(Fab)₂'s), and receptor-avid peptides. Donald J. Buchsbaum, “CancerTherapy with Radiolabeled Antibodies; Pharmacokinetics of Antibodies andTheir Radiolabels; Experimental Radioimmunotherapy and Methods toIncrease Therapeutic Efficacy,” CRC Press, Boca Raton, Chapter 10, pp.115-140, (1995); Fischman, et al. “A Ticket to Ride: PeptideRadiopharmaceuticals,” The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, vol. 34, No. 12,(December 1993). These references are hereby incorporated by referencein their entirety.

In recent years, it has been learned that some cancer cells containgastrin releasing peptide (GRP) receptors (GRP-R) of which there are anumber of subtypes. In particular, it has been shown that several typesof cancer cells have over-expressed or uniquely expressed GRP receptors.For this reason, much research and study have been done on GRP and GRPanalogues which bind to the GRP receptor family. One such analogue isbombesin (BBN), a 14 amino acid peptide (i.e., tetradecapeptide)isolated from frog skin which is an analogue of human GRP and whichbinds to GRP receptors with high specificity and with an affinitysimilar to GRP.

Bombesin and GRP analogues may take the form of agonists or antagonists.Binding of GRP or BBN agonists to the GRP receptor increases the rate ofcell division of these cancer cells and such agonists are internalizedby the cell, while binding of GRP or BBN antagonists generally does notresult in either internalization by the cell or increased rates of celldivision. Such antagonists are designed to competitively inhibitendogenous GRP binding to GRP receptors and reduce the rate of cancercell proliferation. See, e.g., Hoffken, K.; Peptides in Oncology II,Somatostatin Analogues and Bombesin Antagonists (1993), pp. 87-112. Forthis reason, a great deal of work has been, and is being pursued todevelop BBN or GRP analogues that are antagonists. E.g., Davis et al.,Metabolic Stability and Tumor Inhibition of Bombesin/GRP ReceptorAntagonists, Peptides, vol. 13, pp. 401-407, 1992.

In designing an effective compound for use as a diagnostic ortherapeutic agent for cancer, it is important that the drug haveappropriate in vivo targeting and pharmacokinetic properties. Forexample, it is preferable that for a radiopharmaceutical, theradiolabeled peptide have high specific uptake by the cancer cells(e.g., via GRP receptors). In addition, it is also preferred that oncethe radionuclide localizes at a cancer site, it remains there for adesired amount of time to deliver a highly localized radiation dose tothe site.

Moreover, developing radiolabeled peptides that are cleared efficientlyfrom normal tissues is also an important factor for radiopharmaceuticalagents. When biomolecules (e.g., MAb, Fab or peptides) labeled withmetallic radionuclides (via a chelate conjugation), are administered toan animal such as a human, a large percentage of the metallicradionuclide (in some chemical form) can become “trapped” in either thekidney or liver parenchyma (i.e., is not excreted into the urine orbile). Duncan et al.; Indium-111-DiethylenetriaminepentaaceticAcid-Octreotide Is Delivered in Vivo to Pancreatic, Tumor Cell, Renal,and Hepatocyte Lysosomes, Cancer Research 57, pp. 659-671, (Feb. 15,1997). For the smaller radiolabeled biomolecules (i.e., peptides orFab), the major route of clearance of activity is through the kidneyswhich can also retain high levels of the radioactive metal (i.e.,normally >10-15% of the injected dose). Retention of metal radionuclidesin the kidney or liver is clearly undesirable. Conversely, clearance ofthe radiopharmaceutical from the blood stream too quickly by the kidneyis also undesirable if longer diagnostic imaging or high tumor uptakefor radiotherapy is needed.

Subsequent work, such as that in U.S. Pat. No. 6,200,546 and US2002/0054855 to Hoffman, et. al, hereby incorporated by reference intheir entirety, have attempted to overcome this problem by forming acompound having the general formula X-Y-B wherein X is a group capableof complexing a metal, Y is a covalent bond on a spacer group and B is abombesin agonist binding moiety. Such compounds were reported to havehigh binding affinities to GRP receptors, and the radioactivity wasretained inside of the cells for extended time periods. In addition, invivo studies in normal mice have shown that retention of the radioactivemetal in the kidneys was lower than that known in the art, with themajority of the radioactivity excreted into the urine.

New and improved radiopharmaceutical and other diagnostic compoundswhich have improved pharmacokinetics and improved kidney excretion(i.e., lower retention of the radioactive metal in the kidney) have nowbeen found for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic uses. For diagnosticimaging, rapid renal excretion and low retained levels of radioactivityare critical for improved images. For radiotherapeutic use, slower bloodclearance to allow for higher tumor uptake and better tumor targetingwith low kidney retention are critical. Furthermore, for therapeuticuse, a reduction in tumor vasculature, i.e. abnormal vessels, wouldresult in a less favorable environment for tumor progression and anincrease in the relative percentage of normal vessels to the area wouldlead to a more normal blood flow pattern to aid delivery of therapeuticagents.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided new andimproved compounds for use in diagnostic imaging or radiotherapy. Thecompounds include a chemical moiety capable of complexing a medicallyuseful metal ion or radionuclide (metal chelator) attached to a GRPreceptor targeting peptide by a linker or spacer group. In anotherembodiment, these compounds include an optical label (e.g. a photolabelor other label detectable by light imaging, optoacoustical imaging orphotoluminescence) attached to a GRP receptor targeting peptide by alinker or spacer group.

In general, compounds of the present invention may have the formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein M is the metal chelator (in the form complexed with a metalradionuclide or not), or the optical label, N—O—P is the linker, and Gis the GRP receptor targeting peptide.

The metal chelator M may be any of the metal chelators known in the artfor complexing with a medically useful metal ion or radionuclide.Preferred chelators include DTPA, DOTA, DO3A, HP-DO3A, EDTA, TETA, EHPG,HBED, NOTA, DOTMA, TETMA, PDTA, TTHA, LICAM, MECAM, Aazta andderivatives thereof or peptide chelators, such as, for example, thosediscussed herein. The metal chelator may or may not be complexed with ametal radionuclide, and may include an optional spacer such as a singleamino acid.

Preferred metal radionuclides for scintigraphy or radiotherapy include^(99m)Tc, ⁵¹Cr, ⁶⁷Ga, ⁶⁸Ga, ⁴⁷Sc, ⁵¹Cr, ¹⁶⁷Tm, ¹⁴¹Ce, ¹¹¹In, ¹⁶⁸Yb,¹⁷⁵Yb, ¹⁴⁰La, ⁹⁰ _(Y), ⁸⁸ _(Y), ¹⁵³Sm, ¹⁶⁶Ho, ¹⁶⁵Dy, ¹⁶⁶Dy, ⁶²Cu, ⁶⁴Cu,⁶⁷Cu, ⁹⁷Ru, ¹⁰³Ru, ¹⁸⁶Re, ¹⁸⁸Re, ²⁰³Pb, ²¹¹Bi, ²¹²Bi, ²¹³Bi, ²¹⁴Bi,²²⁵Ac, ¹⁰⁵Rh, ¹⁰⁹Pd ^(117m)Sn, ¹⁴⁹ Pm, ¹⁶¹Tb, ¹⁷⁷Lu, ¹⁹⁸Au and ¹⁹⁹Au.The choice of metal will be determined based on the desired therapeuticor diagnostic application. For example, for diagnostic purposes thepreferred radionuclides include ⁶⁴Cu, ⁶⁷Ga, ⁶⁸Ga, ^(99m)Tc, and ¹¹¹In,with ^(99m)Tc, and ¹¹¹In being particularly preferred. For therapeuticpurposes, the preferred radionuclides include ⁶⁴Cu, ⁹⁰ _(Y), ¹⁰⁵Rh,¹¹¹In, ^(117m)Sn, ¹⁴⁹Pm, ¹⁵³Sm, ¹⁶¹Tb, ¹⁶⁶Dy, ¹⁶⁶Ho, ¹⁷⁵Yb, ¹⁷⁷Lu,^(186/188)Re, and ¹⁹⁹Au, with ¹⁷⁷Lu and ⁹⁰Y being particularlypreferred. A preferred chelator used in compounds of the invention is1-substituted 4,7,10-tricarboxymethyl 1,4,7,10 tetraazacyclododecanetriacetic acid (DO3A).

The optical label M may be any of various optical labels known in theart. Preferred labels include, without limitation, optical dyes,including organic chromophores or fluorophores, such as cyanine dyeslight absorbing compounds, light reflecting and scattering compounds,and bioluminescent molecules.

In one embodiment, the linker N—O—P contains at least one non-alphaamino acid.

In another embodiment, the linker N—O—P contains at least onesubstituted bile acid.

In yet another embodiment, the linker N—O—P contains at least onenon-alpha amino acid with a cyclic group.

In the most preferred embodiment, M is a metal chelator and the linkerN—O—P contains at least one non-alpha amino acid with a cyclic group.Additionally, M may be complexed with a radioactive or paramagneticmetal.

The GRP receptor targeting peptide may be GRP, bombesin or anyderivatives or analogues thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the GRPreceptor targeting peptide is a GRP or bombesin analogue which acts asan agonist. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the GRP receptortargeting peptide is a bombesin agonist binding moiety disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 6,200,546 and US 2002/0054855, incorporated herein byreference.

There is also provided a novel method of imaging using the compounds ofthe present invention.

A single or multi-vial kit that contains all of the components needed toprepare the diagnostic or therapeutic agents of the invention isprovided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

There is further provided a novel method for preparing a diagnosticimaging agent comprising the step of adding to an injectable imagingmedium a substance containing the compounds of the present invention.

A novel method of radiotherapy using the compounds of the invention isalso provided, as is a novel method for preparing a radiotherapeuticagent comprising the step of adding to an injectable therapeutic mediuma substance comprising a compound of the invention.

Improved methods of administration of labeled compounds of the inventionare provided, as are methods of increasing targeting of GRP-expressingtarget tissue by labeled compounds of the invention.

Still further, novel methods of treating prostate tumors or of delayingthe progression of prostate tumors are provided. In one embodiment,methods of treating bone or soft tissue metastases of prostate cancerare provided. In other embodiments, methods for treating hormonesensitive and methods for treating hormone refractory prostate cancerare provided. In yet other embodiments methods for delaying theprogression of hormone sensitive prostate cancer, for facilitatingcombination therapy in patients with hormone sensitive prostate cancerand for decreasing aberrant vascular permeability in patients withhormone sensitive prostate cancer are provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a graphical representation of a series of chemical reactionsfor the synthesis of intermediate C ((3β,5β)-3-(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)aminocholan-24-oic acid), from A(Methyl-(3β, 5β)-3-aminocholan-24-ate) and B ((3β,5β)-3-aminocholan-24-oic acid), as described in Example I.

FIG. 1B is a graphical representation of the sequential reaction for thesynthesis ofN-[(3β,5β)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]cholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L62), as described in Example I.

FIG. 2A is a graphical representation of the sequential reaction for thesynthesis ofN-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L70), as described in Example II.

FIG. 2B is a general graphical representation of the sequential reactionfor the synthesis ofN-[4-[2-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L73),N-[3-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L15), andN-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]phenylacetyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L 16), as described in Example II.

FIG. 2C is a chemical structure of the linker used in the synthesisreaction of FIG. 2B for synthesis ofN-[4-[2-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L73), as described in Example II.

FIG. 2D is a chemical structure of the linker used in the synthesisreaction of FIG. 2B for synthesis ofN-[3-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L115), as described in Example II.

FIG. 2E is a chemical structure of the linker used in the synthesisreaction of FIG. 2B for synthesis ofN-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]phenylacetyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L116), as described in Example II.

FIG. 2F is a graphical representation of the sequential reaction for thesynthesis ofN-[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]glycyl-4-piperidinecarbonyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L74), as described in Example II.

FIG. 3A is a graphical representation of a series of chemical reactionsfor the synthesis of intermediate(3β,5β)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-12-oxocholan-24-oicacid (C), as described in Example III.

FIG. 3B is a graphical representation of the sequential reaction for thesynthesis ofN-[(3β,5β)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-12,24-dioxocholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L67), as described in Example III.

FIG. 3C is a chemical structure of (3β,5β)-3-Amino-12-oxocholan-24-oicacid (B), as described in Example III.

FIG. 3D is a chemical structure of(3β,5β)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-12-oxocholan-24-oicacid (C), as described in Example III.

FIG. 3E is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-12,24-dioxocholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L67), as described in Example III.

FIG. 4A is a graphical representation of a sequence of reactions toobtain intermediates(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oicacid (3a) and(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid (3b), as described in Example IV.

FIG. 4B is a graphical representation of the sequential reaction for thesynthesis ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-12-hydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L63), as described in Example IV.

FIG. 4C is a graphical representation of the sequential reaction for thesynthesis ofN-[(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-7,12-dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L64), as described in Example IV.

FIG. 4D is a chemical structure of(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid (2b), asdescribed in Example IV.

FIG. 4E is a chemical structure of(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oicacid (3a), as described in Example IV;

FIG. 4F is a chemical structure of(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid (3b), as described in Example IV.

FIG. 4G is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-12-hydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L63), as described in Example IV.

FIG. 4H is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-7,12-dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L64), as described in Example IV.

FIG. 5A is a general graphical representation of the sequential reactionfor the synthesis of4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]benzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L71); andTrans-4-[[[[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]cyclohexylcarbonyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L72) as described in Example V, wherein the linker is from FIG. 5B andFIG. 5C, respectively.

FIG. 5B is a chemical structure of the linker used in compound L71 asshown in FIG. 5A and as described in Example V.

FIG. 5C is a chemical structure of the linker used in compound L72 asshown in FIG. 5A and as described in Example V.

FIG. 5D is a chemical structure of Rink amide resin functionalised withbombesin[7-14] (B), as described in Example V.

FIG. 5E is a chemical structure ofTrans-4-[[[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]cyclohexanecarboxylicacid (D), as described in Example V;

FIG. 6A is a graphical representation of a sequence of reactions for thesynthesis of intermediate linker2-[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]benzoic acid (E), asdescribed in Example VI.

FIG. 6B is a graphical representation of a sequence of reactions for thesynthesis of intermediate linker4-[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]-3-nitrobenzoic acid(H), as described in Example VI.

FIG. 6C is a graphical representation of the synthesis ofN-[2-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L75), as described in Example VI.

FIG. 6D is a graphical representation of the synthesis ofN-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]-3-nitrobenzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L76), as described in Example VI.

FIG. 7A is a graphical representation of a sequence of reactions for thesynthesis of intermediate linker[4-[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]phenoxy]acetic acid(E), as described in Example VII.

FIG. 7B is a graphical representation of the synthesis ofN-[[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]phenoxy]acetyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L124), as described in Example VII.

FIG. 7C is a chemical structure ofN-[[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]phenoxy]acetyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L124), as described in Example VII.

FIG. 8A is a graphical representation of a sequence of reactions for thesynthesis of intermediate4-[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]-3-methoxybenzoic acid(E), as described in Example VIII.

FIG. 8B is a graphical representation of the synthesis ofN-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]-3-methoxybenzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,(L125), as described in Example VIII.

FIG. 8C is a chemical structure ofN-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]-3-methoxybenzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,(L125), as described in Example VIII.

FIG. 9A is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesis of3-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]aminobenzoic acid,(B), as described in Example IX.

FIG. 9B is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesis of6-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]aminonaphthoic acid(C), as described in Example IX.

FIG. 9C is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesis of4-[[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]methylamino]benzoicacids (D), as described in Example IX.

FIG. 9D is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesis ofN-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]phenylacetyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,(L146);N-[3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L233);N-[6-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]naphthoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,(L234), andN-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]methylamino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,(L235), as described in Example IX.

FIG. 10A is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesisof7-[[Bis(1,1-dimethylethoxy)phosphinyl]methyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,10-triaceticacid 4,10-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester H, as described in Example X.

FIG. 10B is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesisofN-[4-[[[[[4,10-Bis(carboxymethyl)-7-(dihydroxyphosphinyl)methyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucil-L-methioninamide,(L237), as described in Example X.

FIG. 11A is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesisofN,N-Dimethylglycyl-L-serinyl-[S-[(acetylamino)methyl]]-L-cysteinyl-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L238), as described in Example XI.

FIG. 11B is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesisofN,N-Dimethylglycyl-L-serinyl-[S-[(acetylamino)methyl]]-L-cysteinyl-glycyl-(3β,5α,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,(L239), as described in Example XI.

FIG. 12A is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesisof4-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino-3-methoxybenzoicacid (A), as described in Example XII.

FIG. 12B is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesisof4-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino-3-chlorobenzoicacid, (D), as described in Example XII.

FIG. 12C is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesisof4-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino-3-methylbenzoicacid (E), as described in Example XII.

FIG. 12D is a chemical structure ofN-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]glycyl]amino]-3-methoxybenzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-1-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L240) as described in Example XII.

FIG. 12E is a chemical structure of compoundN-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]glycyl]amino]3-chlorobenzoyl]L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-1-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,(L241) as described in Example XII.

FIG. 12F is a chemical structure ofN-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]glycyl]amino]3-methylbenzoyl]L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-1-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L242), as described in Example XII.

FIG. 13A is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesisof4-[N,N′-Bis[2-[(9-H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]aminoethyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoicacid, (D), as described in Example XIII.

FIG. 13B is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesisofN-[4-[[4-[Bis[2-[[[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]ethyl]amino-1,4-dioxobutyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,(L244), as described in Example XIII.

FIG. 13C is a chemical structure of compound L244, as described inExample XIII.

FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B are graphical representations of the binding andcompetition curves described in Example XLIII.

FIG. 15A is a graphical representation of the results of radiotherapyexperiments described in Example LV.

FIG. 15B is a graphical representation of the results of otherradiotherapy experiments described in Example LV.

FIG. 16 is a chemical structure ofN-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]glycyl]amino]-L-Lysinyl-(3,6,9)-trioxaundecane-1,11-dicarboxylicacid-3,7-dideoxy-3-aminocholicacid)-L-arginyl-L-glutaminyl-L-triptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L65).

FIG. 17 is a chemical structure ofN-[2-S-[[[[[12α-Hydroxy-17α-(1-methyl-3-carboxypropyl)etiocholan-3β-carbamoylmethoxyethoxyethoxyacetyl]-amino-6-[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L66).

FIG. 18A is a chemical structure ofN-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L70).

FIG. 18B is a chemical structureN-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]-3-carboxypropionyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L114).

FIG. 18C is a chemical structureN-[4-[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-3-propoxy]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L 144).

FIG. 18D is a chemical structureN-[(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]ethoxyethoxy]acetyl]amino]-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L69).

FIG. 18E is a chemical structure ofN-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]phenylacetyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L146).

FIG. 19 dicloses chemical structures of intermediates which may be usedto prepare compounds L64 and L70 as described in Example LVI.

FIG. 20 is a graphical representation of the preparation of L64 usingsegment coupling as described in Example LVI.

FIG. 21 is a graphical representation of the preparation of(1R)-1-(Bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}amino)propane-3-carboxylicacid-1-carboxyl-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L201).

FIG. 22A is a graphical representation of chemical structure of chemicalintermediates used to prepare L202.

FIG. 22B is a graphical representation of the preparation ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-hydrazinobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L202).

FIG. 23A is a graphical representation of chemical structure of chemicalintermediates used to prepare L203.

FIG. 23B is a graphical representation of the preparation ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L203).

FIG. 24 is a graphical representation of the preparation ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-4-aminobenzoyl-glycyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L204).

FIG. 25 is a graphical representation of the preparation ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-4-aminobenzoyl-glycyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L205).

FIG. 26A is a graphical representation of chemical structures ofchemical intermediates used to prepare L206.

FIG. 26B is a graphical representation of the preparation ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-[4′-Amino-2′-methylbiphenyl-4-carboxyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L206).

FIG. 27A is a graphical representation of chemical structures ofchemical intermediates used to prepare L207.

FIG. 27B is a graphical representation of the preparation ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-[3′-amino-biphenyl-3-carboxyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L207).

FIG. 28 is a graphical representation of the preparation ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-[1,2-d]aminoethyl-terephthalyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L208).

FIG. 29A is a graphical representation of chemical structures ofchemical intermediates used to prepare L209.

FIG. 29B is a graphical representation of the preparation of L209.

FIG. 30A is a graphical representation of chemical structures ofchemical intermediates used to prepare L210.

FIG. 30B is a chemical structure of L210.

FIG. 31 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL211.

FIG. 32 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutamyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL212.

FIG. 33 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninecarboxylate L213.

FIG. 34 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL214.

FIG. 35 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-glycyl-L-asparginyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL215.

FIG. 36 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-arginyl-L-tyrosinyl-glycyl-L-asparginyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL216.

FIG. 37 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosinyl-glycyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL217.

FIG. 38 is a chemical structure of L218.

FIG. 39 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-aminopentyl,L219.

FIG. 40 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-serinyl-L-valyl-D-alanyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L220.

FIG. 41 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinamide,L221.

FIG. 42 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-D-tyrosinyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-betaalanyl-L-histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-norleucinamide,L222.

FIG. 43 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-betaalanyl-L-histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-norleucinamide,L223.

FIG. 44 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucinamide,L224.

FIG. 45 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-leucyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valinyl-glycyl-L-serinyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-methioninamide,L225.

FIG. 46 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-histidyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L226.

FIG. 47 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-leucyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-serinyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-methioninamideL227.

FIG. 48 is a chemical structure ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-methioninamide,L228.

FIG. 49A is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesisof(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid (B) as described in Example LVII.

FIG. 49B is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesisofN-[3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[[2-[2-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]-7,12-dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,(L69), as described in Example LVII.

FIG. 50 is a graphical representation of a reaction for the synthesis ofN-[4-[2-Hydroxy-3-[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]propoxy]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L144), as described in Example LVIII.

FIG. 51 is a chemical structure of L300.

FIG. 52 is a TOCSY spectrum of Lu-L70 in DMSO-d₆ at 25° C.

FIG. 53 is a COSY spectrum of Lu-L70 in DMSO-d₆ at 25° C.

FIG. 54 is a NOESY spectrum of Lu-L70 in DMSO-d₆ at 25° C.

FIG. 55 is a gHSQC spectrum of Lu-L70 in DMSO-d₆ at 25° C.

FIG. 56 is a gHMBC spectrum of Lu-L70 in DMSO-d₆ at 25° C.

FIG. 57 is a gHSQCTOCSY spectrum of Lu-L70 in DMSO-d₆ at 25° C.

FIG. 58 is a Regular ¹H-NMR (bottom) and selective homo-decoupling ofthe water peak at 3.5 ppm of Lu-L70 in DMSO-d₆ at 15° C.

FIG. 59 is a TOCSY Spectrum of ¹⁷⁵Lu-DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ inDMSO-d₆ at 25° C.

FIG. 60 is a chemical structure of L70.

FIG. 61 is a chemical structure of¹⁷⁵Lu-DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH_(2.)

FIG. 62 is a chemical structure of ¹⁷⁵Lu-L70 with a bound watermolecule.

FIG. 63 is a chemical structure of L301.

FIG. 64 is a graphical representation of the preparation of L500 asdescribed in Example LXII.

FIG. 65 is a graphical representation of the preparation of L501 asdescribed in Example LXIII.

FIG. 66 is a graphical representation of occurrence of ecchymosis incontrol and ¹⁷⁷Lu-AMBA (¹⁷⁷Lu-L70) treated mice over time.

FIG. 67 is a photograph of a control group mouse from an experimentdetermining the occurrence of ecchymosis in control and ¹⁷⁷Lu-AMBA(¹⁷⁷Lu-L70) treated mice over time.

FIG. 68 is a photograph of an experimental group mouse from anexperiment determining the occurrence of ecchymosis in control and¹⁷⁷Lu-AMBA (¹⁷⁷Lu-L70) treated mice over time.

FIG. 69 is a photograph of anti-human Ki67 immunohistochemical stainingof the DU145 radiotherapy control group xenograft at 400× magnification.

FIG. 70 is a photograph of anti-human Ki67 immunohistochemical stainingof the DU145 radiotherapy treated group xenograft at 400× magnification.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE APPLICATION

Aazta 1,4-Bis(carboxymethyl)-6-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]-6-methyl-perhydro-1,4-diazepine CyAazta2-{[(1S,7S)-2,6-diaza-2,6-bis(carboxymethyl)-4-methylbicyclo[5.4.0]undec-4- yl]carboxymethyl)amino}acetic acid Aoc-8-aminooctanoic acid Apa3- 3-aminopropionic acid Abu4- 4-aminobutanoicacid Adca3- (3β,5β 7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan- 24-oic acid or3-Amino-3-deoxycholic acid Ah12ca-(3β,5β,12α)-3-amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid Akca-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-12-oxacholan-24-oic acid Cha- L-CyclohexylalanineNal1- L-1-Naphthylalanine Bip- L-Biphenylalanine Mo3abz4-3-Methoxy-4-aminobenzoic acid or 4-aminomethyl-3- methoxybenzoic acidBpa4- 4-benzoylphenylalanine Cl3abz4- 3-Chloro-4-aminobenzoic acidM3abz4- 3-methyl-4-aminobenzoic acid Ho3abz4- 3-hydroxy-4-aminobenzoicacid Hybz4- 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid Nmabz4- 4-methylaminobenzoic acidMo3amb4- 3-methoxy-4-aminobenzoic acid Amb4- 4-aminomethylbenzoic acidAeb4- 4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid Dae- 1,2-diaminoethyl Tpa-Terephthalic acid A4m2biphc4- 4′-Amino-2′-methyl biphenyl-4-carboxylicacid A3biphc3- 3-amino-3′-biphenylcarboxylic acid Amc4-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid Aepa4-N-4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazine-acetic acid Inp- Isonipecotic acid Pia1-N-1-piperazineacetic acid Ckbp-4-(3-Carboxymethyl-2-keto-1-benzimidazoyl)- piperidine Abz33-Aminobenzoic acid Abz4 4-Aminobenzoic acid J 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoicacid Ava5 5-Aminovaleric acid f (D)-Phe y (D)-Tyr Ala2 (also Bala)Beta-alanine

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the following description, various aspects of the present inventionwill be further elaborated. For purposes of explanation, specificconfigurations and details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the present invention. However, it will also beapparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may bepracticed without the specific details. Furthermore, well known featuresmay be omitted or simplified in order not to obscure the presentinvention.

In an embodiment of the present invention, there are provided new andimproved compounds for use in diagnostic imaging or radiotherapy. Thecompounds include an optical label or a chemical moiety capable ofcomplexing a medically useful metal ion or radionuclide (metal chelator)attached to a GRP receptor targeting peptide by a linker or spacergroup.

In general, compounds of the present invention may have the formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein M is the metal chelator (in the form complexed with a metalradionuclide or not), or an optical label, N—O—P is the linker, and G isthe GRP receptor targeting peptide. Each of the metal chelator, opticallabel, linker, and GRP receptor targeting peptide is described in thediscussion that follow.

In the most preferred embodiment of the invention, M is a metal chelatorand the linker N—O—P contains at least one non-alpha amino acid with acyclic group. In another preferred embodiment M is a metal chelator offormula 8 herein (preferably an Aazta chelator or a derivative thereof)and the linker N—O—P contains at least one non-alpha amino acid with acyclic group.

In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a newand improved linker or spacer group which is capable of linking anoptical label or a metal chelator to a GRP receptor targeting peptide.In general, linkers of the present invention may have the formula:

N—O—P

wherein each of N, O and P are defined throughout the specification.

Compounds meeting the criteria defined herein were discovered to haveimproved pharmacokinetic properties compared to other GRP receptortargeting peptide conjugates known in the art. For example, compoundscontaining the linkers of the present invention were retained in thebloodstream longer, and thus had a longer half life than prior knowncompounds. The longer half life was medically beneficial because itpermitted better tumor targeting which is useful for diagnostic imaging,and especially for therapeutic uses, where the cancerous cells andtumors receive greater amounts of the radiolabeled peptides.Additionally, compounds of the present invention had improved tissuereceptor specificity compared to prior art compounds.

Furthermore, the instant invention includes a method of increasingtargeting of a labeled compound of the invention to GRP receptorexpressing target tissue comprising administering the appropriate massof GRP receptor targeting peptide or conjugate, prior to or duringadministration of labeled compound of the invention. Similarly, theinvention includes an improved method of administration of labeledcompounds of the invention in which tumor targeting is optimizedcomprising administering the appropriate mass dose of GRP receptortargeting peptide or conjugate prior to or during administration oflabeled compound of the invention. Such pre- or co-dosing has been foundto saturate non-target GRP-receptors, decreasing their ability tocompete with GRP receptors on target (e.g., tumor) tissue.

1A. Metal Chelator

The term “metal chelator” refers to a molecule that forms a complex witha metal atom, wherein said complex is stable under physiologicalconditions. That is, the metal will remain complexed to the chelatorbackbone in vivo. More particularly, a metal chelator is a molecule thatcomplexes to a radionuclide metal to form a metal complex that is stableunder physiological conditions and which also has at least one reactivefunctional group for conjugation with the linker N—O—P. The metalchelator M may be any of the metal chelators known in the art forcomplexing a medically useful metal ion or radionuclide. The metalchelator may or may not be complexed with a metal radionuclide.Furthermore, the metal chelator can include an optional spacer such as,for example, a single amino acid (e.g., Gly) which does not complex withthe metal, but which creates a physical separation between the metalchelator and the linker.

The metal chelators of the invention may include, for example, linear,macrocyclic, terpyridine, and N₃S, N₂S₂, or N₄ chelators (see also, U.S.Pat. No. 5,367,080, U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,613, U.S. Pat. No. 5,021,556,U.S. Pat. No. 5,075,099, U.S. Pat. No. 5,886,142, the disclosures ofwhich are incorporated by reference in their entirety), and otherchelators known in the art including, but not limited to, HYNIC, DTPA,EDTA, DOTA, TETA, and bisamino bisthiol (BAT) chelators (see also U.S.Pat. No. 5,720,934). For example, N₄ chelators are described in U.S.Pat. Nos. 6,143,274; 6,093,382; 5,608,110; 5,665,329; 5,656,254; and5,688,487, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference intheir entirety. Certain N₃S chelators are described in PCT/CA94/00395,PCT/CA94/00479, PCT/CA95/00249 and in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,662,885;5,976,495; and 5,780,006, the disclosures of which are incorporated byreference in their entirety. The chelator may also include derivativesof the chelating ligand mercapto-acetyl-glycyl-glycyl-glycine (MAG3),which contains an N₃S, and N₂S₂ systems such as MAMA(monoamidemonoaminedithiols), DADS (N₂S diaminedithiols), CODADS and thelike. These ligand systems and a variety of others are described in Liuand Edwards, Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 2235-2268 and references therein, thedisclosures of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

The metal chelator may also include complexes containing ligand atomsthat are not donated to the metal in a tetradentate array. These includethe boronic acid adducts of technetium and rhenium dioximes, such asthose described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,183,653; 5,387,409; and 5,118,797,the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in theirentirety.

Examples of preferred chelators include, but are not limited to,diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA),1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA),1-substituted 1,4,7,-tricarboxymethyl 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanetriacetic acid (DO3A), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA),4-carbonylmethyl-10-phosphonomethyl-1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diaceticacid (Cm4pm 10d2a); and1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetraacetic acid (TETA).Additional chelating ligands are ethylenebis-(2-hydroxy-phenylglycine)(EHPG), and derivatives thereof, including 5-Cl-EHPG, 5-Br-EHPG,5-Me-EHPG, 5-t-Bu-EHPG, and 5-sec-Bu-EHPG; benzodiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (benzo-DTPA) and derivatives thereof, includingdibenzo-DTPA, phenyl-DTPA, diphenyl-DTPA, benzyl-DTPA, anddibenzyl-DTPA; bis-2 (hydroxybenzyl)-ethylene-diaminediacetic acid(HBED) and derivatives thereof, the class of macrocyclic compounds whichcontain at least 3 carbon atoms, more preferably at least 6, and atleast two heteroatoms (O and/or N), which macrocyclic compounds canconsist of one ring, or two or three rings joined together at the heteroring elements, e.g., benzo-DOTA, dibenzo-DOTA, and benzo-NOTA, whereNOTA is 1,4,7-triazacyclononane N,N′,N″-triacetic acid, benzo-TETA,benzo-DOTMA, where DOTMA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,7,10-tetra(methyl tetraacetic acid), and benzo-TETMA, where TETMA is1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-(methyl tetraacetic acid);derivatives of 1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetic acid (PDTA) andtriethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid (TTHA); derivatives of1,5,10-N,N′,N″-tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-tricatecholate (LICAM) and1,3,5-N,N′,N″-tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl) aminomethylbenzene (MECAM).Other preferred chelators include Aazta and derivatives thereofincluding CyAazta. Examples of representative chelators and chelatinggroups contemplated by the present invention are described in WO98/18496, WO 86/06605, WO 91/03200, WO 95/28179, WO 96/23526, WO97/36619, PCT/US98/01473, PCT/US98/20182, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,899,755,U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,756, U.S. Pat. No. 5,846,519 and U.S. Pat. No.6,143,274, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

Particularly preferred metal chelators include those of Formula 1, 2, 3and 8 (for ¹¹¹In and radioactive lanthanides, such as, for example¹⁷⁷Lu, ⁹⁰Y, ¹⁵³Sm, and ¹⁶⁶Ho) and those of Formula 4, 5 and 6 (forradioactive ^(99m)Tc, ¹⁸⁶Re, and ¹⁸⁸Re) set forth below. These and othermetal chelating groups are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,093,382 and5,608,110, which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.Additionally, the chelating group of formula 3 is described in, forexample, U.S. Pat. No. 6,143,274; the chelating group of formula 5 isdescribed in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,627,286 and 6,093,382, andthe chelating group of formula 6 is described in, for example, U.S. Pat.Nos. 5,662,885; 5,780,006; and 5,976,495, all of which are incorporatedby reference. The chelating group of formula 8 is described in copendingU.S. Ser. No. 10/484,111 filed Jan. 15, 2004 and U.S. Ser. No.11/165,793, filed Jun. 23, 2005, both of which are hereby incorporatedby reference. Specific metal chelators of formula 6 includeN,N-dimethylGly-Ser-Cys; N,N-dimethylGly-Thr-Cys;N,N-diethylGly-Ser-Cys; N,N-dibenzylGly-Ser-Cys; and other variationsthereof. For example, spacers which do not actually complex with themetal radionuclide such as an extra single amino acid Gly, may beattached to these metal chelators (e.g., N,N-dimethylGly-Ser-Cys-Gly;N,N-dimethylGly-Thr-Cys-Gly;

-   N,N-diethylGly-Ser-Cys-Gly; N,N-dibenzylGly-Ser-Cys-Gly). Other    useful metal chelators such as all of those disclosed in U.S. Pat.    No. 6,334,996, also incorporated by reference (e.g.,    Dimethylgly-L-t-Butylgly-L-Cys-Gly;    Dimethylgly-D-t-Butylgly-L-Cys-Gly; Dimethylgly-L-t-Butylgly-L-Cys,    etc.)

Furthermore, sulfur protecting groups such as Acm (acetamidomethyl),trityl or other known alkyl, aryl, acyl, alkanoyl, aryloyl, mercaptoacyland organothiol groups may be attached to the cysteine amino acid ofthese metal chelators.

Additionally, other useful metal chelators include:

In the above Formulas 1 and 2, R is alkyl, preferably methyl. In theabove Formulas 5a and 5b, X is either CH₂ or O; Y is C₁-C₁₀ branched orunbranched alkyl; aryl, aryloxy, arylamino, arylaminoacyl;arylalkyl—where the alkyl group or groups attached to the aryl group areC₁-C₁₀ branched or unbranched alkyl groups, C₁-C₁₀ branched orunbranched hydroxy or polyhydroxyalkyl groups or polyalkoxyalkyl orpolyhydroxy-polyalkoxyalkyl groups; J is optional, but if present isC(═O)—, OC(═O)—, SO₂—, NC(═O)—, NC(═S)—, N(Y), NC(═NCH₃)—, NC(═NH)—,N═N—, homopolyamides or heteropolyamines derived from synthetic ornaturally occurring amino acids; all where n is 1-100. Other variants ofthese structures are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,093,382.In Formula 6, the group S-NHCOCH₃ may be replaced with SH or S-Z whereinZ is any of the known sulfur protecting groups such as those describedabove. Formula 7 illustrates one embodiment of t-butyl compounds usefulas a metal chelator. The disclosures of each of the foregoing patents,applications and references are incorporated by reference in theirentirety.

The metal chelators of the Aazta family generally have the followinggeneral formula: (8):

-   -   in which:    -   R₁ is hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl optionally substituted with one or        more carboxy groups, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀ cycloalkylalkyl,        aryl, arylalkyl or the two R₁ groups, taken together, form a        straight or cyclic C₂-C₁₀ alkylene group or an        ortho-disubstituted arylene;    -   R₂ is hydrogen, carboxy, or an optionally substituted group        selected from C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀        cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, a group bearing an acidic        moiety, and a group bearing an amino moiety, each of which may        be further optionally substituted with functional groups which        allow conjugation with a suitable molecule able to interact with        physiological systems;    -   R₃, R₄ and R₅, which can be the same or different, are hydrogen,        carboxy, or an optionally substituted group selected from C₁-C₂₀        alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl,        arylalkyl, a group bearing an acidic moiety and a group bearing        an amino moiety, each of which may be further optionally        substituted with functional groups which allow conjugation with        a suitable molecule able to interact with physiological systems;    -   FG, which can be the same or different, are carboxy, —PO₃H₂ or        —RP(O)OH groups, wherein R is hydrogen, or an optionally        substituted group selected from C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl,        C₄-C₂₀ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, a group bearing an        acidic moiety and a group bearing an amino moiety, each of which        may be further optionally substituted with functional groups        which allow conjugation with a suitable molecule able to        interact with physiological systems.

Functional groups which allow conjugation with targeting molecules orother molecules that are able to interact with physiological systems areknown to those skilled in the art. Such groups include, for example,carboxylic acids, amines, aldehydes, alkyl halogens, alkyl maleimides,sulfhydryl groups, hydroxyl groups, etc.

Specific examples of such Aazta metal chelators or derivatives thereofinclude, but are not limited, to CyAazta. Aazta derivatives alsoinclude:

In a preferred embodiment, the metal chelator includes cyclic or acyclicpolyaminocarboxylic acids such as DOTA(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), DTPA(diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), DTPA-bismethylamide,DTPA-bismorpholineamide, Cm4pm10d2a(1,4-carbonylmethyl-10-phosphonomethyl-1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diaceticacid), DO3AN-[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl,HP-DO3A, DO3A-monoamide and derivatives thereof. In another preferredembodiment, the metal chelator includes Aazta or a derivative thereof.

Preferred metal radionuclides for scintigraphy or radiotherapy include^(99m)Tc, ⁵¹Cr, ⁶⁷Ga, ⁶⁸Ga, ⁴⁷Sc, ⁵¹Cr, ¹⁶⁷Tm, ¹⁴¹Ce, ¹¹¹In, ¹⁶⁸Yb,¹⁷⁵Yb, ¹⁴⁰La, ⁹⁰Y, ⁸⁸Y, ¹⁵³Sm, ¹⁶⁶Ho, ¹⁶⁵Dy, ¹⁶⁶Dy, ⁶²Cu, ⁶⁴Cu, ⁶⁷Cu,⁹⁷Ru, ¹⁰³Ru, ¹⁸⁶Re, ¹⁸⁸Re, ²⁰³Pb, ²¹¹Bi, ²¹²Bi, ²¹³Bi, ²¹⁴Bi, ¹⁰⁵Rh,¹⁰⁹Pd, ^(117m)Sn, ¹⁴⁹Pm, ¹⁶¹Tb, ¹⁷⁷Lu, ¹⁹⁸Au and ¹⁹⁹Au and oxides ornitrides thereof. The choice of metal will be determined based on thedesired therapeutic or diagnostic application. For example, fordiagnostic purposes (e.g., to diagnose and monitor therapeutic progressin primary tumors and metastases), the preferred radionuclides include⁶⁴Cu, ⁶⁷Ga, ⁶Ga, ^(99m)Tc, and ¹¹¹In, with ^(99m)Tc and ¹¹¹In beingespecially preferred. For therapeutic purposes (e.g., to provideradiotherapy for primary tumors and metastasis related to cancers of theprostate, breast, lung, etc.), the preferred radionuclides include ⁶⁴Cu,⁹⁰ _(Y), ¹⁰⁵Rh, ¹¹¹In, ^(117m)Sn, ¹⁴⁹ Pm, ¹⁵³Sm, ¹⁶¹Tb, ¹⁶⁶Dy, ¹⁶⁶Ho,¹⁷⁵Yb, ¹⁷⁷Lu, ^(186/188)Re, and ¹⁹⁹Au, with ¹⁷⁷Lu and ⁹⁰Y beingparticularly preferred. ^(99m)Tc is particularly useful and is apreferred for diagnostic radionuclide because of its low cost,availability, imaging properties, and high specific activity. Thenuclear and radioactive properties of ^(99m)Tc make this isotope anideal scintigraphic imaging agent. This isotope has a single photonenergy of 140 keV and a radioactive half-life of about 6 hours, and isreadily available from a ⁹⁹Mo-^(99m)Tc generator. For example, the^(99m)Tc labeled peptide can be used to diagnose and monitor therapeuticprogress in primary tumors and metastases. Peptides labeled with ¹⁷⁷Lu,⁹⁰Y or other therapeutic radionuclides can be used to provideradiotherapy for primary tumors and metastasis related to cancers of theprostate, breast, lung, etc.

1B. Optical Labels

In an exemplary embodiment, the compounds of the invention may beconjugated with photolabels, such as optical dyes, including organicchromophores or fluorophores, having extensive delocalized ring systemsand having absorption or emission maxima in the range of 400-1500 nm.The compounds of the invention may alternatively be derivatized with abioluminescent molecule. The preferred range of absorption maxima forphotolabels is between 600 and 1000 nm to minimize interference with thesignal from hemoglobin. Preferably, photoabsorption labels have largemolar absorptivities, e.g. >10⁵ cm⁻¹M⁻¹, while fluorescent optical dyeswill have high quantum yields. Examples of optical dyes include, but arenot limited to those described in WO 98/18497, WO 98/18496, WO 98/18495,WO 98/18498, WO 98/53857, WO 96/17628, WO 97/18841, WO 96/23524, WO98/47538, and references cited therein. For example, the photolabels maybe covalently linked directly to compounds of the invention, such as,for example, compounds comprised of GRP receptor targeting peptides andlinkers of the invention. Several dyes that absorb and emit light in thevisible and near-infrared region of electromagnetic spectrum arecurrently being used for various biomedical applications due to theirbiocompatibility, high molar absorptivity, and/or high fluorescencequantum yields. The high sensitivity of the optical modality inconjunction with dyes as contrast agents parallels that of nuclearmedicine, and permits visualization of organs and tissues without theundesirable effect of ionizing radiation. Cyanine dyes with intenseabsorption and emission in the near-infrared (NIR) region areparticularly useful because biological tissues are optically transparentin this region. For example, indocyanine green, which absorbs and emitsin the NIR region has been used for monitoring cardiac output, hepaticfunctions, and liver blood flow and its functionalized derivatives havebeen used to conjugate biomolecules for diagnostic purposes (R. B.Mujumdar, L. A. Ernst, S. R. Mujumdar, et al., Cyanine dye labelingreagents: Sulfoindocyanine succinimidyl esters. Bioconjugate Chemistry,1993, 4(2), 105-111; Linda G. Lee and Sam L. Woo. “N-Heteroaromatic ionand iminium ion substituted cyanine dyes for use as fluorescent labels”,U.S. Pat. No. 5,453,505; Eric Hohenschuh, et al. “Light imaging contrastagents”, WO 98/48846; Jonathan Turner, et al. “Optical diagnostic agentsfor the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases by means of nearinfra-red radiation”, WO 98/22146; Kai Licha, et al. “In-vivo diagnosticprocess by near infrared radiation”, WO 96/17628; Robert A. Snow, etal., Compounds, WO 98/48838. Various imaging techniques and reagents aredescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,663,847, 6,656,451, 6,641,798, 6,485,704,6,423,547, 6,395,257, 6,280,703, 6,277,841, 6,264,920, 6,264,919,6,228,344, 6,217,848, 6,190,641, 6,183,726, 6,180,087, 6,180,086,6,180,085, 6,013,243, and published U.S. Patent Applications 2003185756,20031656432, 2003158127, 2003152577, 2003143159, 2003105300, 2003105299,2003072763, 2003036538, 2003031627, 2003017164, 2002169107, 2002164287,and 2002156117. All of the above references are incorporated byreference in their entirety.

2A. Linkers Containing at Least One Non-Alpha Amino Acid

In one embodiment of the invention, the linker N—O—P contains at leastone non-alpha amino acid. Thus, in this embodiment of the linker N—O—P,

N is 0 (where 0 means it is absent), an alpha or non-alpha amino acid orother linking group;

O is an alpha or non-alpha amino acid; and

P is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group,

wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid.

Thus, in one example, N=Gly, O=a non-alpha amino acid, and P=0.

Alpha amino acids are well known in the art, and include naturallyoccurring and synthetic amino acids.

Non-alpha amino acids are also known in the art and include those whichare naturally occurring or synthetic. Preferred non-alpha amino acidsinclude:

-   8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid;-   N-4-aminoethyl-N-1-acetic acid; and-   polyethylene glycol derivatives having the formula    NH₂—(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)—CH₂CO₂H or NH₂—(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)—CH₂CH₂CO₂H where n=2    to 100.

Examples of compounds having the formula M-N—O—P-G which contain linkerswith at least one non-alpha amino acid are listed in Table 1. Thesecompounds may be prepared using the methods disclosed herein,particularly in the Examples, as well as by similar methods known to oneskilled in the art.

TABLE 1 Table 1 - Compounds Containing Linkers With At Least OneNon-alpha Amino Acid Com- HPLC HPLC pound method¹ RT² MS³ IC50⁵ M N O PG L1 10-40% B 5.43 1616.6 5 N,N- Lys 8-amino- none BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly dioxaoctanoic acid L2 10-40% B5.47 1644.7 3 N,N- Arg 8-amino- none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser-3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly dioxaoctanoic acid L3 10-40% B 5.97 1604.6 >50 N,N-Asp 8-amino- none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Glydioxaoctanoic acid L4 10-40% B 5.92 1575.5 4 N,N- Ser 8-amino- none BBN(7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly dioxaoctanoic acid L510-40% B 5.94 1545.5 9 N,N- Gly 8-amino- none BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly dioxaoctanoic acid L6 10-30% B7.82 1639 (M + Na) >50 N,N- Glu 8-amino- none BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly dioxaoctanoic acid L7 10-30% B8.47 1581 (M + Na) 7 N,N- Dala 8-amino- none BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly dioxaoctanoic acid L8 10-30% B6.72 1639 (M + Na) 4 N,N- 8-amino-3,6- Lys none BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L9 10-30% B 7.28823.3 (M + 2/2) 6 N,N- 8-amino-3,6- Arg none BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L10 10-30% B 7.941625.6 (M + Na) >50 N,N- 8-amino-3,6- Asp none BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L11 10-30% B 7.591575.6 36 N,N- 8-amino-3,6- Ser none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser-dioxaoctanoic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L12 10-30% B 7.65 1567.5 (M + Na) >50N,N- 8-amino-3,6- Gly none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser-dioxaoctanoic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L13 10-30% B 7.86 1617.7 >50 N,N-8-amino-3,6- Glu none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoicCys(Acm)-Gly acid L14 10-30% B 7.9 1581.7 (M + Na) 11 N,N- 8-amino-3,6-Dala none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoic Cys(Acm)-Glyacid L15 10-30% B 7.84 1656.8 (M + Na) 11.5 N,N- 8-amino-3,6- 8-amino-none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoic 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Glyacid dioxaoctanoic acid L16 10-30% B 6.65 1597.4 (M + Na) 17 N,N-8-amino-3,6- 2,3- none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoicdiaminopropionic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid acid L17 10-30% B 7.6 1488.6 8 N,N-none 8-amino- none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Glydioxaoctanoic acid L18 10-30% B 7.03 1574.6 7.8 N,N- 2,3- 8-amino- noneBBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- diaminopropionic 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly aciddioxaoctanoic acid L19 10-35% B 5.13 1603.6 >50 N,N- Asp 8-amino- GlyBBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly dioxaoctanoic acidL20 10-35% B 5.19 1603.6 37 N,N- 8-amino-3,6- Asp Gly BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L21 10-35% B 5.041575.7 46 N,N- 8-amino-3,6- Ser Gly BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser-dioxaoctanoic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L22 10-35% B 4.37 1644.7 36 N,N-8-amino-3,6- Arg Gly BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoicCys(Acm)-Gly acid L23 10-35% B 5.32 1633.7 >50 N,N- 8-amino-3,6-8-amino- Gly BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoic 3,6-Cys(Acm)-Gly acid dioxaoctanoic acid L24 10-35% B 4.18 1574.6 38 N,N-8-amino-3,6- 2,3- Gly BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoicdiaminopropionic acid Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L25 10-35% B 4.24 1616.6 26 N,N-8-amino-3,6- Lys Gly BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoicCys(Acm)-Gly acid L26 10-35% B 4.45 1574.6 30 N,N- 2,3- 8-amino- Gly BBN(7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- diaminopropionic 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly aciddioxaoctanoic acid L27 10-35% B 4.38 1627.3 >50 N,N- N-4- Asp none BBN(7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- aminoethyl- Cys(Acm)-Gly N-1-piperazineacetic acid L28 10-35% B 4.1 1600.3 25 N,N- N-4- Ser none BBN(7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- aminoethyl- Cys(Acm)-Gly N-1-piperazineacetic acid L29 10-35% B 3.71 1669.4 36 N,N- N-4- Arg none BBN(7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- aminoethyl- Cys(Acm)-Gly N-1-piperazineacetic acid L30 10-35% B 4.57 1657.2 36 N,N- N-4- 8-amino-none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- aminoethyl- 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly N-1-dioxaoctanoic piperazineacetic acid acid L31 10-35% B 3.69 1598.3 >50N,N- N-4- 2,3- none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- aminoethyl-diaminopropionic Cys(Acm)-Gly N-1- acid piperazineacetic acid L32 10-35%B 3.51 1640.3 34 N,N- N-4- Lys none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser-aminoethyl- Cys(Acm)-Gly N-1- piperazineacetic acid L33 10-35% B 4.291584.5 >50 N,N- N-1- Asp none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser-piperazineacetic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L34 10-35% B 4.07 1578.7 (M + Na) 38N,N- N-1- Ser none BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- piperazineaceticCys(Acm)-Gly acid L35 10-35% B 3.65 1625.6 26 N,N- N-1- Arg none BBN(7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- piperazineacetic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L3610-35% B 4.43 1636.6 7 N,N- N-1- 8-amino- none BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- piperazineacetic 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly aciddioxaoctanoic acid L37 10-35% B 3.66 1555.7 23 N,N- N-1- 2,3- none BBN(7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- piperazineacetic diaminopropionicCys(Acm)-Gly acid acid L38 10-35% B 3.44 1619.6 7 N,N- N-1- Lys none BBN(7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- piperazineacetic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L4230-50% B 5.65 1601.6 25 N,N- 4- 8-amino- none BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- Hydroxyproline 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly dioxaoctanoic acidL48 30-50% B 4.47 1600.5 40 N,N- 4- 8-amino- none BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- aminoproline 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly dioxaoctanoic acidL51 15-35% B 5.14 1673.7 49 N,N- Lys 8-amino- Gly BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly dioxaoctanoic acid L52 15-35% B6.08 1701.6 14 N,N- Arg 8-amino- Gly BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser-3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly dioxaoctanoic acid L53 15-35% B 4.16 1632.6 10 N,N-Ser 8-amino- Gly BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Glydioxaoctanoic acid L54 15-35% B 4.88 1661.6 >50 N,N- Asp 8-amino- GlyBBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly dioxaoctanoic acidL55 15-35% B 4.83 1683.4 (M + Na) 43 N,N- 8-amino-3,6- Asp Gly BBN(7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L56 15-35%B 4.65 1655.7 (M + Na) 4 N,N- 8-amino-3,6- Ser Gly BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L57 15-35% B 4.91701.8 50 N,N- 8-amino-3,6- Arg Gly BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser-dioxaoctanoic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L58 15-35% B 4.22 846.4 (M + H/2) >50N,N- 8-amino-3,6- 8-amino- Gly BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser-dioxaoctanoic 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly acid dioxaoctanoic acid L59 15-35% B4.03 1635.5 42 N,N- 8-amino-3,6- 2,3- Gly BBN (7-14)*dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoic diaminopropionic Cys(Acm)-Gly acidacid L60 15-35% B 4.11 1696.6 (M + Na) 20 N,N- 8-amino-3,6- Lys Gly BBN(7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser- dioxaoctanoic Cys(Acm)-Gly acid L61 15-35%B 4.32 1631.4 43 N,N- 2,3- 8-amino- Gly BBN (7-14)* dimethylglycine-Ser-diaminopropionic 3,6- Cys(Acm)-Gly acid dioxaoctanoic acid L78 20-40% B6.13 1691.4 (M + Na) 35 DO3A-monoamide 8-amino-3,6- Diaminopropionicnone BBN (7-14)* dioxaoctanoic acid acid L79 20-40% B 7.72 1716.8 (M +Na) 42 DO3A-monoamide 8-amino-3,6- Biphenylalanine none BBN (7-14)*dioxaoctanoic acid L80 20-40% B 7.78 1695.9 >50 DO3A-monoamide8-amino-3,6- Diphenylalanine none BBN (7-14)* dioxaoctanoic acid L8120-40% B 7.57 1513.6 37.5 DO3A-monoamide 8-amino-3,6-4-Benzoylphenylalanine none BBN (7-14)* dioxaoctanoic acid L92 15-30% B5.63 1571.6 5 DO3A-monoamide 5- 8-amino- none BBN (7-14)* aminopentanoic3,6- acid dioxaoctanoic acid L94 20-36% B 4.19 1640.8 (M + Na) 6.2DO3A-monoamide 8-amino-3,6- D- none BBN (7-14)* dioxaoctanoicPhenylalanine acid L110 15-45% B 5.06 1612.7 36 DO3A-monoamide 8-8-amino- none BBN (7-14)* aminooctanoic 3,6- acid dioxaoctanoic acidL209 20-40% B 4.62 3072.54 37 DO3A-monoamide E(G8-amino- 8- 8- BBN(7-14)* over 6 3,6- aminooctanoic amino- minutes dioxaoctanoic acidoctanoic acid-8- acid amino-3,6- dioxaoctanoic acid QWAVGHLM- NH₂) L21020-50% B 6.18 3056.76 11 DO3A-monoamide E(G-Aoa- 8- 8- BBN (7-14)* over10 Aoa- aminooctanoic amino- minutes QWAVGHLM- acid octanoic NH₂) acid*BBN (7-14) corresponds to QWAVGHLM, which is (SEQ ID NO: 1) ¹HPLCmethod refers to the 10 minute time for the HPLC gradient. ²HPLC RTrefers to the retention time of the compound in the HPLC. ³MS refers tomass spectra where molecular weight is calculated from mass/unit charge(m/e). ⁴IC₅₀ refers to the concentration of compound to inhibit 50%binding of iodinated bombesin to a GRP receptor on cells.

2B. Linkers Containing at Least One Substituted Bile Acid

In another embodiment of the present invention, the linker N—O—Pcontains at least one substituted bile acid. Thus, in this embodiment ofthe linker N—O—P,

N is 0 (where 0 means it is absent), an alpha amino acid, a substitutedbile acid or other linking group;

O is an alpha amino acid or a substituted bile acid; and

P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other linkinggroup,

wherein at least one of N, O or P is a substituted acid.

Bile acids are found in bile (a secretion of the liver) and are steroidshaving a hydroxyl group and a five carbon atom side chain terminating ina carboxyl group. In substituted bile acids, at least one atom such as ahydrogen atom of the bile acid is substituted with another atom,molecule or chemical group. For example, substituted bile acids includethose having a 3-amino, 24-carboxyl function optionally substituted atpositions 7 and 12 with hydrogen, hydroxyl or keto functionality.

Other useful substituted bile acids in the present invention includesubstituted cholic acids and derivatives thereof. Specific substitutedcholic acid derivatives include:

-   (3β,5β)-3-aminocholan-24-oic acid;-   (3β,5β,12α)-3-amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid;-   (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid;-   Lys-(3,6,9)-trioxaundecane-1,1′-dicarbonyl-3,7-dideoxy-3-aminocholic    acid);-   (3β,5β,7α)-3-amino-7-hydroxy-12-oxocholan-24-oic acid; and-   (3β,5β,7α)-3-amino-7-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid.

Examples of compounds having the formula M-N—O—P-G which contain linkerswith at least one substituted bile acid are listed in Table 2. Thesecompounds may be prepared using the methods disclosed herein,particularly in the Examples, as well as by similar methods known to oneskilled in the art.

TABLE 2 Table 2 - Compounds Containing Linkers With At Least OneSubstituted Bile Acid HPLC Compound method¹ HPLC RT² MS³ IC50⁵ M N O P GL62 20-80% B 3.79 1741.2 >50 DO3A- Gly (3β,5β)-3- none BBN (77-14)*monoamide aminocholan-24- oic acid L63 20-80% B 3.47 1757.0 23 DO3A- Gly(3β,5β,12α)-3- none BBN (77-14)* monoamide amino-12- hydroxycholan-24-oic acid L64 20-50% B 5.31 1773.7 8.5 DO3A- Gly (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-none BBN (77-14)* monoamide amino-7,12- dihydroxycholan- 24-oic acid L6520-80% B 3.57 2246.2 >50 DO3A- Gly Lys-(3,6,9- Arg BBN (77-14)*monoamide trioxaundecane- 1,11-dicarbonyl- 3,7- dideoxy-3- aminocholicacid) L66 20-80% 3.79 2245.8 >50 DO3A- Gly Lys- Arg BBN (77-14)*monoamide (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3- amino-7,12- dihydroxycholan- 24-oicacid-3,6,9- trioxaundecane- 1,11-dicarbonyl L67 20-80% 3.25 1756.9 4.5DO3A- Gly (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3- none BBN (77-14)* monoamide amino-12-oxacholan-24-oic acid L69 20-80% 3.25 1861.27 8 DO3A- 1-amino-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3- none BBN (77-14)* monoamide 3,6- amino-7,12-dioxaoctanoic dihydroxycholan- acid 24-oic acid L280 — — — — DO3A- Gly3β,5β 7α,12α)-3- none QWAVaHLM- monoamide amino-7,12- NH2 (SEQ IDdihydroxycholan- NO: 14) 24-oic acid L281 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β7α,12α)-3- f QWAVGHLM- monoamide amino-7,12- NH2* dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid L282 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)-3- f QWAVGHL-L-monoamide amino-7,12- NH2 (SEQ ID dihydroxycholan- NO: 8) 24-oic acidL283 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)-3- f QWAVGHL-NH- monoamideamino-7,12- pentyl dihydroxycholan- (SEQ ID NO: 6) 24-oic acid L284 — —— — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)-3- y QWAVBala- monoamide amino-7,12-HFNle-NH₂ (SEQ dihydroxycholan- ID NO: 9) 24-oic acid L285 — — — — DO3A-Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)-3- f QWAVBala- monoamide amino-7,12- HFNle-NH₂ (SEQdihydroxycholan- ID NO; 9) 24-oic acid L286 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β7α,12α)-3- none QWAVGHFL- monoamide amino-7,12- NH₂ (SEQ ID NO:dihydroxycholan- 22) 24-oic acid L287 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)-3-none QWAVGNMeHis-LM-NH₂ monoamide amino-7,12- (SEQ ID dihydroxycholan-NO: 15) 24-oic acid L288 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)-3- noneLWAVGSF-M- monoamide amino-7,12- NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: dihydroxycholan- 11)24-oic acid L289 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)-3- none HWAVGHL-M-monoamide amino-7,12- NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: dihydroxycholan- 12) 24-oic acidL290 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)-3- none LWATGH-F-M- monoamideamino-7,12- NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: dihydroxycholan- 16) 24-oic acid L291 — — —— DO3A- Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)-3- none QWAVGH- monoamide amino-7,12- FMNH₂(SEQ ID dihydroxycholan- NO: 17) 24-oic acid L292 — — — — DO3A- Gly3β,5β 7α,12α)-3- QRLGN QWAVGHLM- monoamide amino-7,12- NH₂*dihydroxycholan- 24-oic acid L293 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)-3-QRYGN QWAVGHLM- monoamide amino-7,12- NH₂* dihydroxycholan- 24-oic acidL294 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)-3- QKYGN QWAVGHLM- monoamideamino-7,12- NH₂* dihydroxycholan- 24-oic acid L295 — — — — Pglu-Q-LysGly 3β,5β 7α,12α)-3- LG-N QWAVGHLM- (DO3A- amino-7,12- NH₂* monoamide)dihydroxycholan- 24-oic acid L303 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3-amino-3- noneQRLGNQWAVGHLM- monoamide deoxycholic acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 3) L304 — — —— DO3A- Gly 3-amino-3- none QRYGNQWAVGHLM- monoamide deoxycholic acidNH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 4) L305 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3-amino-3- none QKYGNQWAVGHLM-monoamide deoxycholic acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 5) L306 — — — — DO3A- Gly3-amino-3- none LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ monoamide deoxycholic acid (SEQ ID NO:18) L502 — — — — Aazta Gly (3β,5β,7α,12α)- none BBN (77-14)*3-amino-7,12- dihydroxycholan- 24-oic acid L503 — — — — CyAazta Gly(3β,5β,7α,12α)- none BBN (77-14)* 3-amino-7,12- dihydroxycholan- 24-oicacid *BBN (77-14) corresponds to QWAVGHLM, which is SEQ ID NO: 1 ¹HPLCmethod refers to the 10 minute time for the HPLC gradient. ²HPLC RTrefers to the retention time of the compound in the HPLC. ³MS refers tomass spectra where molecular weight is calculated from mass/unit charge(m/e). ⁴IC₅₀ refers to the concentration of compound to inhibit 50%binding of iodinated bombesin to a GRP receptor on cells.

2C. Linkers Containing at Least One Non-Alpha Amino Acid With A CyclicGroup

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the linker N—O—Pcontains at least one non-alpha amino acid with a cyclic group. Thus, inthis embodiment of the linker N—O—P,

-   -   N is 0 (where 0 means it is absent), an alpha amino acid, a        non-alpha amino acid with a cyclic group or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha amino acid or a non-alpha amino acid with a cyclic        group; and    -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a        cyclic group, or other linking group,

wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid with acyclic group.

Non-alpha amino acids with a cyclic group include substituted phenyl,biphenyl, cyclohexyl or other amine and carboxyl containing cyclicaliphatic or heterocyclic moieties. Examples of such include:

-   4-aminobenzoic acid (hereinafter referred to as “Abz4 in the    specification”)-   3-aminobenzoic acid-   4-aminomethyl benzoic acid-   8-aminooctanoic acid-   trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid-   4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid isonipecotic acid-   2-aminomethylbenzoic acid-   4-amino-3-nitrobenzoic acid-   4-(3-carboxymethyl-2-keto-1-benzimidazolyl-piperidine-   6-(piperazin-1-yl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinone-3-acetic acid-   (2S,5S)-5-amino-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-azepino[3,21-hi]indole-4-one-2-carboxylic    acid-   (4S,7R)-4-amino-6-aza-5-oxo-9-thiabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-7-carboxylic    acid-   3-carboxymethyl-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one-   N1-piperazineacetic acid-   N-4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic acid-   (3S)-3-amino-1-carboxymethylcaprolactam-   (2S,6S,9)-6-amino-2-carboxymethyl-3,8-diazabicyclo-[4,3,0]-nonane-1,4-dione-   3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-   4-hydroxybenzoic acid-   4-aminophenylacetic acid-   3-hydroxy-4-aminobenzoic acid-   3-methyl-4-aminobenzoic acid-   3-chloro-4-aminobenzoic acid-   3-methoxy-4-aminobenzoic acid-   6-aminonaphthoic acid-   N,N′-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-succinamic acid

Examples of compounds having the formula M-N—O—P-G which contain linkerswith at least one alpha amino acid with a cyclic group are listed inTable 3. These compounds may be prepared using the methods disclosedherein, particularly in the Examples, as well as by similar methodsknown to one skilled in the art.

TABLE 3 Table 3 - Compounds Containing Linkers Related To Amino-(Phenyl,Biphenyl, Cycloalkyl Or Heterocyclic) Carboxylates HPLC HPLC Compoundmethod¹ RT² MS³ IC50⁵ M N L70 10-40% B 6.15 1502.6 5 DO3A- Gly monoamideL71 20-50% 14.14  59.68 7 DO3A- none over 30 (M + Na) monoamide minutesL72 20-50% 13.64  65.73 (M + K) 8 DO3A- none over 30 monoamide minutesL73  5-35% 7.01 1489.8 5 DO3A- none monoamide L74  5-35% 6.49 1494.8 7DO3A- Gly monoamide L75  5-35% 6.96 1458.0 23 DO3A- none monoamide L76 5-35% 7.20] 1502.7 4 DO3A- none monoamide L77 20-40% B 6.17 1691.8 (M +Na) 17.5 DO3A- 8-amino- monoamide 3,6- dioxaoctanoic acid L82 20-40% B6.18 1584.6 8 DO3A- none monoamide L83 20-40% B 5.66 1597.5 >50 DO3A-none monoamide L84 20-40% B 6.31 1555.5 >50 DO3A- none monoamide L8520-40% B 5.92 1525.5 >50 DO3A- none monoamide L86 20-40% B 6.461598.6 >50 DO3A- none monoamide L87 20-40% B 5.47 1593.8 (M + Na) >50DO3A- none monoamide L88 20-40% B 3.84 1452.7 >50 DO3A- none monoamideL89 20-40% B 5.68 1518.5 (M + Na) 23 DO3A- none monoamide L90 20-40% B7.95 1495.4 50 DO3A- none monoamide L91 20-40% B 3.97 1535.7 >50 DO3A-none monoamide L93 15-30% B 7.57 1564.7 5.8 DO3A- 5- monoamideaminopentanoic acid L95 15-35% B 5.41 1604.6 14 DO3A- trans-4- monoamideaminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acid L96 20-36% B 4.75 1612.7 35DO3A- 4- monoamide aminomethylbenzoic acid L97 15-35% B 5.86 1598.8 4.5DO3A- 4- monoamide benzoyl- (L)- phenylalanine L98 15-35% B 4.26 1622.716 DO3A- trans-4- monoamide aminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acidL99 15-35% B 4.1 1594.7 22 DO3A- trans-4- monoamideaminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acid L100 15-35% B 4.18 1613.6 10DO3A- trans-4- monoamide aminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acid L10115-35% B 5.25 1536.7 25 DO3A- trans-4- monoamide aminomethylcyclohexane-1- carboxylic acid L102 15-35% B 5.28 1610.8 9.5 DO3A- trans-4-monoamide aminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acid L103 15-35% B 4.751552.7 24 DO3A- trans-4- monoamide aminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylicacid L104 15-35% B 3.91 1551.7 32 DO3A- trans-4- monoamideaminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acid L105 20-45% B 7.68 1689.7 3.5DO3A- trans-4- monoamide aminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acid L10620-45% B 6.97 1662.7 3.8 DO3A- trans-4- monoamideaminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acid L107 15-35% B 5.79 1604.7 5DO3A- trans-4- monoamide aminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acid L10815-45% B 6.38 1618.7 10 DO3A- 8-amino- monoamide 3,6- dioxaoctanoic acidL109 15-45% B 6.85 1612.7 6 DO3A- trans-4- monoamideaminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acid L111 20-45% B 3.75 1628.6 8DO3A- 8- monoamide aminooctanoic acid L112 20-47% B 3.6 1536.5 4.5 DO3A-none in 9 min monoamide L113 20-47% B 3.88 1558.6 (M + Na) 5 DO3A- nonein 9 min monoamide L114 10-40% B 5.47 1582.8 4.5 CMDOTA Gly L124  5-35%B 7.04 1489.9 8.0 DO3A- none monoamide L143  5-35% B 6.85 1516.8 11DO3A- Gly monoamide L144  5-35% B 6.85 1462.7 9 HPDO3A none L145 20-80%B 1.58 1459.8 5 DO3A- none monoamide L146 20-80% B 1.53 1473.7 9 DO3A-none monoamide L147 20-80% B 1.68 1489.7 3.5 DO3A- none monoamide L20110-46% B 5.77 1563.7 36 Boa*** none over 12 minutes L202 10-46% B 5.681517.74 13 DO3A- none over 12 monoamide minutes L203 10-46% B 5.981444.69 9 DO3A- none over 12 monoamide minutes L204 10-46% B 5.821502.73 50 DO3A- none over 12 monoamide minutes L205 10-46% B 5.361503.72 45 DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L206 10-46% B 7.081592.85 4.5 DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L207 10-46% B 7.591578.83 2.5 DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L208 10-46% B 5.91516.75 7.5 DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L211 10-46% B 5.761560.77 4 DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L212 10-46% B 6.05 1503.71NT** DO3A- none over 12 monoamide minutes L213 10-46% B 5.93 1503.71NT** DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L214 10-46% B 7.36 1649.91 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L215 10-46% B 5.08 2071.37 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L216 10-46% B 4.94 2121.38 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L217 10-46% B 4.38 2093.37 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L218 10-46% B 6.13 2154.45 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L219 10-46% B 8.61 1588.84 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L220 10-46% B 5.96 1516.75 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L221 10-46% B 7.96 1631.87 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L222 10-46% B 6.61 1695.91 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L223 10-46% B 7.48 1679.91 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L224 10-46% B 5.40 1419.57 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L225 10-46% B 8.27 1471.71 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L226 10-46% B 5.12 1523.75 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L227 10-46% B 6.61 1523.75 NT**DO3A- Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L228 10-46% B 5.77 1511 NT** DO3A-Gly over 12 monoamide minutes L233 5-35% B 7.04 1502.71 4.8 DO3A- Glyover 10 min monoamide L234 20-80% 1.95 1552.76 3 DO3A- Gly over 10monoamide minutes L235 20-80% 1.95 1515.72 7 DO3A- Gly over 10 monoamideminutes L237 20-80% 1.52 1538.68 5 Cm4pm10d Gly over 10 2a minutes L238 5-35% B 7.17 1462.70 1.5 N,N- Gly over 10 min dimethylglycine- Ser-Cys(Acm)- Gly L239 20-80% 3.36 1733.16 4.5 N,N- Gly over 10dimethylglycine- minutes Ser- Cys(Acm)- Gly L240 20-80% 1.55 1532.73 4DO3A- Gly over 10 monoamide minutes L241 20-80% 1.63 1535.68 4 DO3A- Glyover 10 monoamide minutes L242 20-80% 1.55 1516.75 5 DO3A- Gly over 10monoamide minutes L243 20-80% 1.57 1518.70 14 DO3A- Gly over 10monoamide minutes L244  5-50% 4.61 1898.16 >50 (DO3A- N,N′- over 10monoamide)₂ Bis(2- minutes aminoethyl)- succinamic acid L300 10-46% — —— DO3A- Gly over 10 monoamide minutes L301 20-45% 7.18 — — DO3A- noneover 15 monoamide minutes L302 — — — — DO3A- Gly monoamide L500 — —1515.7 — Aazta Gly L501 — — 1569.7 — CyAazta Gly Compound O P G L704-aminobenzoic none BBN (77-14)* acid L71 4-aminomethyl none BBN(77-14)* benzoic acid L72 trans-4- none BBN (77-14)*aminomethylcyclohexyl carboxylic acid L73 4-(2- none BBN (77-14)*aminoethoxy)benzoic acid L74 isonipecotic acid none BBN (77-14)* L75 2-none BBN (77-14)* aminomethylbenzoic acid L76 4-aminomethyl- none BBN(77-14)* 3-nitrobenzoic acid L77 1- none BBN (77-14)* NaphthylalanineL82 4-(3- none BBN (77-14)* carboxymethyl-2- keto-1- benzimidazolyl-piperidine L83 6-(piperazin-1- none BBN (77-14)* yl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinone-3- acetic acid L84 (2S,5S)-5-amino- none BBN (77-14)*1,2,4,5,6,7- hexahydro- azepino[3,21- hi]indole- 4-one-2- carboxylicacid L85 (4S,7R)-4-amino- none BBN (77-14)* 6-aza-5-oxo-9-thiabicyclo[4.3.0] nonane-7- carboxylic acid L86 N,N- none BBN (77-14)*dimethylglycine L87 3-carboxymethyl- none BBN (77-14)* 1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan- 4-one L88 N1- none BBN (77-14)* piperazineaceticacid L89 N-4-aminoethyl- none BBN (77-14)* N-1-piperazine- acetic acidL90 (3S)-3-amino-1- none BBN (77-14)* carboxymethylcaprolactam L91(2S,6S,9)-6- none BBN (77-14)* amino-2- carboxymethyl- 3,8-diazabicyclo-[4,3,0]-nonane- 1,4-dione L93 trans-4- none BBN (77-14)*aminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acid L95 D-Phenylalanine none BBN(77-14)* L96 8-amino-3,6- none BBN (77-14)* dioxaoctanoic acid L97trans-4- none BBN (77-14)* aminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acidL98 Arg none BBN (77-14)* L99 Lys none BBN (77-14)* L100 Diphenylalaninenone BBN (77-14)* L101 1- none BBN (77-14)* Naphthylalanine L1028-amino-3,6- none BBN (77-14)* dioxaoctanoic acid L103 Ser none BBN(77-14)* L104 2,3- none BBN (77-14)* diaminopropionic acid L105Biphenylalanine none BBN (77-14)* L106 (2S,5S)-5-amino- none BBN(77-14)* 1,2,4,5,6,7- hexahydro- azepino[3,21- hi]indole- 4-one-2-carboxylic acid L107 trans-4- none BBN (77-14)* aminomethylcyclohexane-1- carboxylic acid L108 Phenylalanine none BBN (77-14)* L109Phenylalanine none BBN (77-14)* L111 trans-4- none BBN (77-14)*aminomethylcyclohexane- 1- carboxylic acid L112 4′-aminomethyl- none BBN(77-14)* biphenyl-1- carboxylic acid L113 3′-aminomethyl- none BBN(77-14)* biphenyl-3- carboxylic acid L114 4-aminobenzoic none BBN(77-14)* acid L124 4- none BBN (77-14)* aminomethylphenoxyacetic acidL143 4- none BBN (77-14)* aminophenylacetic acid L144 4-phenoxy none BBN(77-14)* L145 3- none BBN (77-14)* aminomethylbenzoic acid L146 4- noneBBN (77-14)* aminomethylphenylacetic acid L147 4-aminomethyl- none BBN(77-14)* 3- methoxybenzoic acid L201 Gly 4- BBN (77-14)* amino benzoicacid L202 Gly 4- BBN (77-14)* hydrazinobenzoyl L203 none 4- BBN (77-14)*amino benzoic acid L204 4-aminobenzoic Gly BBN (77-14)* acid L2056-Aminonicotinic none BBN (77-14)* acid L206 4′-Amino-2′- none BBN(77-14)* methyl biphenyl- 4-carboxylic acid L207 3′- none BBN (77-14)*Aminobiphenyl- 3-carboxylic acid L208 1,2-diaminoethyl Terephthalic BBN(77-14)* acid L211 Gly 4- BBN (77-14)* amino benzoic acid L212 Gly 4-EWAVGHLM- amino NH₂ (SEQ ID benzoic NO: 2) acid L213 4-aminobenzoic noneQWAVGHLM- acid OH* L214 4-aminobenzoic (D)- BBN (77-14)* acid Phe L2154-aminobenzoic none QRLGNQWAVGHLM- acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 3) L2164-aminobenzoic none QRYGNQWAVGHLM- acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 4) L2174-aminobenzoic none QKYGNQWAVGHLM- acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 5) L2184-aminobenzoic none LGNQWAVGHLM- acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 18) L2194-aminobenzoic (D)- QWAVGHL- acid Phe NH-Pentyl (SEQ ID NO: 6) L2204-aminobenzoic none QWSVaHLM- acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 7) L2214-aminobenzoic (D)- QWAVGHLL- acid Phe NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 8) L2224-aminobenzoic (D)- QWAV-Bala- acid Tyr HFNle-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 9) L2234-aminobenzoic Phe QWAV-Bala- acid HFNle-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 9) L2244-aminobenzoic none QWAGHFL- acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 10) L2254-aminobenzoic none LWAVGSFM- acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 11) L2264-aminobenzoic none HWAVGHLM- acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 12) L2274-aminobenzoic none LWATGHFM- acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 16) L2284-aminobenzoic none QWAVGHFM- acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 13) L2333-aminobenzoic none BBN (77-14)* acid L234 6- none BBN (77-14)*aminonaphthoic acid L235 4- none BBN (77-14)* methylaminobenzoic acidL237 4-aminobenzoic none BBN (77-14)* acid L238 4-aminobenzoic none BBN(77-14)* acid L239 3-amino-3- none BBN (77-14)* deoxycholic acid L2403-methoxy-4- none BBN (77-14)* aminobenzoic acid L241 3-chloro-4- noneBBN (77-14)* aminobenzoic acid L242 3-methyl-4- none BBN (77-14)*aminobenzoic acid L243 3-hydroxy-4- none BBN (77-14)* aminobenzoic acidL244 none none BBN (77-14)* L300 4-aminobenzoic none QWAVGHFL- acid NH₂(SEQ ID NO: 22) L301 4- L-1- BBN (77-14)* aminomethylbenzoicNaphthylalanine acid L302 4-aminobenzoic none QWAVGNMeH- acid L-M-NH₂(SEQ ID NO: 15) L500 4-aminobenzoic none BBN (77-14)* acid L5014-aminobenzoic none BBN (77-14)* acid *BBN (77-14) is the sequenceQWAVGHLM (SEQ ID NO: 1) **NT is defined as “not tested.” ***BOA isdefined as(1R)-1-(Bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}amino)propane-1,3-dicarboxylicacid. ¹HPLC method refers to the 10 minute time for the HPLC gradient.²HPLC RT refers to the retention time of the compound in the HPLC. ³MSrefers to mass spectra where molecular weight is calculated frommass/unit charge (m/e). ⁴IC₅₀ refers to the concentration of compound toinhibit 50% binding of iodinated bombesin to a GRP receptor on cells.

A subset of compounds containing preferred linkers and various GRPreceptor targeting peptides are set forth in Table 4. These compoundsmay be prepared using the methods disclosed herein, particularly in theExamples, as well as by similar methods known to one skilled in the art.

TABLE 4 Table 4 - Compounds Containing Linkers of the Invention WithVarious GRP-R Targeting Moities HPLC HPLC Compound method¹ RT² MS³ IC50⁵M N O P G L214 10-46% B over 7.36 1649.91 NT** DO3A- Gly 4-aminobenzoic(D)-Phe BBN(7-14)* 12 minutes monoamide acid L215 10-46% B over 5.082071.37 NT** DO3A- Gly 4-aminobenzoic none QRLGNQWAVGHLM- 12 minutesmonoamide acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 3) L216 10-46% B over 4.94 2121.38 NT**DO3A- Gly 4-aminobenzoic none QRYGNQWAVGHLM- 12 minutes monoamide acidNH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 4) L217 10-46% B over 4.38 2093.37 NT** DO3A- Gly4-aminobenzoic none QKYGNQWAVGHLM- 12 minutes monoamide acid NH (SEQ IDNO: 5) L218 10-46% B over 6.13 2154.45 NT** DO3A- Gly 4-aminobenzoicnone LGNQWAVGHLM- 12 minutes monoamide acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 18) L21910-46% B over 8.61 1588.84 NT** DO3A- Gly 4-aminobenzoic (D)-PheQWAVGHL-NH- 12 minutes monoamide acid Pentyl (SEQ ID NO: 6) L220 10-46%B over 5.96 1516.75 NT** DO3A- Gly 4-aminobenzoic none QWAVaHLM-NH₂ 12minutes monoamide acid (SEQ ID NO: 7) L221 10-46% B over 7.96 1631.87NT** DO3A- Gly 4-aminobenzoic (D)-Phe QWAVGHLL-NH₂ 12 minutes monoamideacid (SEQ ID NO: 8) L222 10-46% B over 6.61 1695.91 NT** DO3A- Gly4-aminobenzoic (D)-Tyr QWAV- 12 minutes monoamide acid Bala-HF- Nle-NH₂(SEQ ID NO: 9) L223 10-46% B over 7.48 1679.91 NT** DO3A- Gly4-aminobenzoic Phe QWAV- 12 minutes monoamide acid Bala-HF- Nle-NH₂ (SEQID NO: 9) L224 10-46% B over 5.40 1419.57 NT** DO3A- Gly 4-aminobenzoicnone QWAGHFL- 12 minutes monoamide acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 10) L225 10-46%B over 8.27 1471.71 NT** DO3A- Gly 4-aminobenzoic none LWAVGSFM- 12minutes monoamide acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 11) L226 10-46% B over 5.121523.75 NT** DO3A- Gly 4-aminobenzoic none HWAVGHLM- 12 minutesmonoamide acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 12) L227 10-46% B over 6.61 1523.75 NT**DO3A- Gly 4-aminobenzoic none LWATGHFM- 12 minutes monoamide acid NH₂(SEQ ID NO: 16) L228 10-46% B over 5.77 1511   NT** DO3A- Gly4-aminobenzoic none QWAVGHFM- 12 minutes monoamide acid NH₂ (SEQ ID NO:13) L280 — — — — DO3A- Gly (3β,5β 7a,12a)- none QWAVaHLM- monoamide3-amino-7,12- NH₂ dihydroxycholan- (SEQ ID 24-oic acid NO: 14) L281 — —— — DO3A- Gly (3β,5β 7a,12a)- f QWAVGH- monoamide 3-amino-7,12- LM-NH₂*dihydroxycholan- 24-oic acid L282 — — — — DO3A- Gly (3β,5β 7a,12a)- fQWAVGHLL- monoamide 3-amino-7,12- NH₂ dihydroxycholan- (SEQ ID 24-oicacid NO: 8) L283 — — — — DO3A- Gly (3β,5β 7a,12a)- f QWAVGHLNH-monoamide 3-amino-7,12- pentyl dihydroxycholan- (SEQ ID 24-oic acid NO:6) L284 — — — — DO3A- Gly (3β,5β 7a,12a)- y QWAVBalaHF- monoamide3-amino-7,12- Nle- dihydroxycholan- NH₂ (SEQ 24-oic acid ID NO: 9) L285— — — — DO3A- Gly (3β,5β 7a,12a)- f QWAVBala- monoamide 3-amino-7,12-HF-Nle- dihydroxycholan- NH₂ (SEQ 24-oic acid ID NO: 9) L286 — — — —DO3A- Gly (3β,5β 7a,12a)- none QWAVGHFL- monoamide 3-amino-7,12- NH₂dihydroxycholan- (SEQ ID 24-oic acid NO: 22) L287 — — — — DO3A- Gly(3β,5β 7a,12a)- none QWAVGNMeHis-L- monoamide 3-amino-7,12- M-NH₂dihydroxycholan- (SEQ ID NO: 15) 24-oic acid L288 — — — — DO3A- Gly(3β,5β 7a,12a)- none LWAVGSFM- monoamide 3-amino-7,12- NH₂dihydroxycholan- (SEQ ID 24-oic acid NO: 11) L289 — — — — DO3A- Gly(3β,5β 7a,12a)- none HWAVGHLM- monoamide 3-amino-7,12- NH₂dihydroxycholan- (SEQ ID 24-oic acid NO: 12) L290 — — — — DO3A- Gly(3β,5β 7a,12a)- none LWATGHFM- monoamide 3-amino-7,12- NH₂dihydroxycholan- (SEQ ID 24-oic acid NO: 16) L291 — — — — DO3A- Gly(3β,5β 7a,12a)- none QWAVGHFM- monoamide 3-amino-7,12- NH₂dihydroxycholan- (SEQ ID 24-oic acid NO: 13) L292 — — — — DO3A- Gly3β,5β 7α,12α)- QRLGN QWAVGHLM- monoamide 3-amino-7,12- NH₂*dihydroxycholan- 24-oic acid L293 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)- QRYGNQWAVGHLM- monoamide 3-amino-7,12- NH₂* dihydroxycholan- 24-oic acid L294— — — — DO3A- Gly 3β,5β 7α,12α)- QKYGN QWAVGHLM- monoamide 3-amino-7,12-NH₂* dihydroxycholan- 24-oic acid L295 — — — — Pglu-Q-Lys Gly 3β,5β7α,12α)- LG-N QWAVGHLM- (DO3A- 3-amino-7,12- NH₂* monoamide)dihydroxycholan- 24-oic acid L304 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3-amino-3- noneQRYGNQWAVGHLM- monoamide deoxycholic NH₂ acid (SEQ ID NO: 4) L305 — — —— DO3A- Gly 3-amino-3- none QKYGNQWAVGHLM- monoamide deoxycholic NH₂acid (SEQ ID NO: 5) L306 — — — — DO3A- Gly 3-amino-3- none LGNQWAVGHLM-monoamide deoxycholic NH₂ (SEQ acid ID NO: 18) *BBN(7-14) is thesequence QWAVGHLM (SEQ ID NO: 1)

2D. Other Linking Groups

Other linking groups which may be used within the linker N—O—P include achemical group that serves to couple the GRP receptor targeting peptideto the metal chelator or optical label while not adversely affectingeither the targeting function of the GRP receptor targeting peptide orthe metal complexing function of the metal chelator or the detectabilityof the optical label. Suitable other linking groups include peptides(i.e., amino acids linked together) alone, a non-peptide group (e.g.,hydrocarbon chain) or a combination of an amino acid sequence and anon-peptide spacer.

In one embodiment, other linking groups for use within the linker N—O—Pinclude L-glutamine and hydrocarbon chains, or a combination thereof.

In another embodiment, other linking groups for use within the linkerN—O—P include a pure peptide linking group consisting of a series ofamino acids (e.g., diglycine, triglycine, gly-gly-glu, gly-ser-gly,etc.), in which the total number of atoms between the N-terminal residueof the GRP receptor targeting peptide and the metal chelator or theoptical label in the polymeric chain is ≦12 atoms.

In yet a further embodiment, other linking groups for use within thelinker N—O—P can also include a hydrocarbon chain [i.e.,R₁—(CH₂)_(n)—R₂] wherein n is 0-10, preferably n=3 to 9, R₁ is a group(e.g., H₂N—, HS—, —COOH) that can be used as a site for covalentlylinking the ligand backbone or the preformed metal chelator or metalcomplexing backbone or optical label; and R₂ is a group that is used forcovalent coupling to the N-terminal NH₂-group of the GRP receptortargeting peptide (e.g., R₂ is an activated COOH group). Severalchemical methods for conjugating ligands (i.e., chelators) or preferredmetal chelates to biomolecules have been well described in theliterature [Wilbur, 1992; Parker, 1990; Hermanson, 1996; Frizberg etal., 1995]. One or more of these methods could be used to link eitherthe uncomplexed ligand (chelator) or the radiometal chelate or opticallabel to the linker or to link the linker to the GRP receptor targetingpeptides. These methods include the formation of acid anhydrides,aldehydes, arylisothiocyanates, activated esters, orN-hydroxysuccinimides [Wilbur, 1992; Parker, 1990; Hermanson, 1996;Frizberg et al., 1995].

In a preferred embodiment, other linking groups for use within thelinker N—O—P may be formed from linker precursors having electrophilesor nucleophiles as set forth below:

LP1: a linker precursor having on at least two locations of the linkerthe same electrophile E1 or the same nucleophile Nu1;

LP2: a linker precursor having an electrophile E1 and on anotherlocation of the linker a different electrophile E2;

LP3: a linker precursor having a nucleophile Nu1 and on another locationof the linker a different nucleophile Nu2; or

LP4: a linker precursor having one end functionalized with anelectrophile E1 and the other with a nucleophile Nu1.

The preferred nucleophiles Nu1/Nu2 include —OH, —NH, —NR, —SH, —HN—NH₂,—RN—NH₂, and —RN—NHR′, in which R′ and R are independently selected fromthe definitions for R given above, but for R′ is not H.

The preferred electrophiles E1/E2 include —COOH, —CH═O (aldehyde),—CR═OR′ (ketone), —RN—C═S, —RN—C═O, —S—S-2-pyridyl, —SO₂—Y, —CH₂C(═O)Y,and

wherein Y can be selected from the following groups:

3. GRP Receptor Targeting Peptide

The GRP receptor targeting peptide (i.e., G in the formula M-N—O—P-G) isany peptide, equivalent, derivative or analogue thereof which has abinding affinity for the GRP receptor family.

The GRP receptor targeting peptide may take the form of an agonist or anantagonist. A GRP receptor targeting peptide agonist is known to“activate” the cell following binding with high affinity and may beinternalized by the cell. Conversely, GRP receptor targeting peptideantagonists are known to bind only to the GRP receptor on the cellwithout being internalized by the cell and without “activating” thecell. In a preferred embodiment, the GRP receptor targeting peptide isan agonist.

In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the GRP agonistis a bombesin (BBN) analogue and/or a derivative thereof. The BBNderivative or analog thereof preferably contains either the same primarystructure of the BBN binding region (i.e., BBN(7-14) (SEQ ID NO: 1) orsimilar primary structures, with specific amino acid substitutions thatwill specifically bind to GRP receptors with better or similar bindingaffinities as BBN alone (i.e., Kd<25 nM). Suitable compounds includepeptides, peptidomimetics and analogues and derivatives thereof. Thepresence of L-methionine (Met) at position BBN-14 will generally conferagonistic properties while the absence of this residue at BBN-14generally confers antagonistic properties [Hoffken, 1994]. Some usefulbombesin analogues are disclosed in U.S. Patent Pub. 2003/0224998,incorporated here in its entirety.

It is well documented in the art that there are a few and selectivenumber of specific amino acid substitutions in the BBN (8-14) bindingregion (e.g., D-Ala¹¹ for L-Gly¹¹ or D-Trp⁸ for L-Trp⁸), which can bemade without decreasing binding affinity [Leban et al., 1994; Qin etal., 1994; Jensen et al., 1993]. In addition, attachment of some aminoacid chains or other groups to the N-terminal amine group at positionBBN-8 (i.e., the Trp⁸ residue) can dramatically decrease the bindingaffinity of BBN analogues to GRP receptors [Davis et al., 1992; Hoffken,1994; Moody et al., 1996; Coy, et al., 1988; Cai et al., 1994]. In a fewcases, it is possible to append additional amino acids or chemicalmoieties without decreasing binding affinity.

Analogues of BBN receptor targeting peptides include molecules thattarget the GRP receptors with avidity that is greater than or equal toBBN, as well as muteins, retropeptides and retro-inverso-peptides of GRPor BBN. One of ordinary skill will appreciate that these analogues mayalso contain modifications which include substitutions, and/or deletionsand/or additions of one or several amino acids, insofar that thesemodifications do not negatively alter the biological activity of thepeptides described therein. These substitutions may be carried out byreplacing one or more amino acids by their synonymous amino acids.Synonymous amino acids within a group are defined as amino acids thathave sufficient physicochemical properties to allow substitution betweenmembers of a group in order to preserve the biological function of themolecule.

Deletions or insertions of amino acids may also be introduced into thedefined sequences provided they do not alter the biological functions ofsaid sequences. Preferentially such insertions or deletions should belimited to 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 amino acids and should not remove orphysically disturb or displace amino acids which are critical to thefunctional conformation. Muteins of the GRP receptor targeting peptidesdescribed herein may have a sequence homologous to the sequencedisclosed in the present specification in which amino acidsubstitutions, deletions, or insertions are present at one or more aminoacid positions. Muteins may have a biological activity that is at least40%, preferably at least 50%, more preferably 60-70%, most preferably80-90% of the peptides described herein. However, they may also have abiological activity greater than the peptides specifically exemplified,and thus do not necessarily have to be identical to the biologicalfunction of the exemplified peptides. Analogues of GRP receptortargeting peptides also include peptidomimetics or pseudopeptidesincorporating changes to the amide bonds of the peptide backbone,including thioamides, methylene amines, and E-olefins. Also peptidesbased on the structure of GRP, BBN or their peptide analogues with aminoacids replaced by N-substituted hydrazine carbonyl compounds (also knownas aza amino acids) are included in the term analogues as used herein.

The GRP receptor targeting peptide can be prepared by various methodsdepending upon the selected chelator. The peptide can generally be mostconveniently prepared by techniques generally established and known inthe art of peptide synthesis, such as the solid-phase peptide synthesis(SPPS) approach. Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) involves thestepwise addition of amino acid residues to a growing peptide chain thatis linked to an insoluble support or matrix, such as polystyrene. TheC-terminal residue of the peptide is first anchored to a commerciallyavailable support with its amino group protected with an N-protectingagent such as a t-butyloxycarbonyl group (Boc) or afluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group. The amino protecting group isremoved with suitable deprotecting agents such as TFA in the case of Bocor piperidine for Fmoc and the next amino acid residue (in N-protectedform) is added with a coupling agent such asN,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), or N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide(DIC) or 2-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HBTU). Upon formation of a peptide bond, thereagents are washed from the support. After addition of the finalresidue, the peptide is cleaved from the support with a suitable reagentsuch as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or hydrogen fluoride (HF).

The linker may then be coupled to form a conjugate by reacting the freeamino group of the Trp⁸ residue of the GRP receptor targeting peptidewith an appropriate functional group of the linker. The entire constructof chelator, linker and targeting moiety discussed above may also beassembled on resin and then cleaved by agency of suitable reagents suchas trifluoroacetic acid or HF, as well.

Bombesin (7-14) is subject to proteolytic cleavage in vitro and in vivo,which shortens the half-life of the peptide. It is well known in theliterature that the amide bond of the backbone of the polypeptide may besubstituted and retain activity, while resisting proteolytic cleavage.For example, to reduce or eliminate undesired proteolysis, or otherdegradation pathways that diminish serum stability, resulting in reducedor abolished bioactivity, or to restrict or increase conformationalflexibility, it is common to substitute amide bonds within the backboneof the peptides with functionality that mimics the existing conformationor alters the conformation in the manner desired. Such modifications mayproduce increased binding affinity or improved pharmacokinetic behavior.It is understood that those knowledgeable in the art of peptidesynthesis can make the following amide bond-changes for any amide bondconnecting two amino acids (e.g., amide bonds in the targeting moiety,linker, chelator, etc.) with the expectation that the resulting peptidescould have the same or improved activity: insertion ofalpha-N-methylamides or backbone thioamides, removal of the carbonyl toproduce the cognate secondary amines, replacement of one amino acid withan aza-amino acid to produce semicarbazone derivatives, and use ofE-olefins and substituted E-olefins as amide bond surrogates. Thehydrolysis can also be prevented by incorporation of a D-amino acid ofone of the amino acids of the labile amide bond, or by alpha-methylamino acid derivatives. Backbone amide bonds have also been replaced byheterocycles such as oxazoles, pyrrolidinones, imidazoles, as well asketomethylenes and fluoroolefins.

Some specific compounds including such amide bond modifications arelisted in Table 4a. The abbreviations used in Table 4a for the variousamide bond modifications are exemplified below:

TABLE 4A Table 4A - Preferred Amide Bond Modified Analogs CompoundM-N-O-P BBN Analogue L401 DO3A- Nme-Q W A V G H L M- monoamide-G- NH₂Abz4 L402 DO3A- Q- W A V G H L M- monoamide-G- Ψ[CSNH] NH₂ Abz4 L403DO3A- Q- W A V G H L M- monoamide-G- Ψ[CH₂NH] NH₂ Abz4 L404 DO3A- Q- W AV G H L M- monoamide-G- Ψ[CH═CH] NH₂ Abz4 L405 DO3A- α- W A V G H L M-monoamide-G- MeQ NH₂ Abz4 L406 DO3A- Q Nme-W A V G H L M- monoamide-G-NH₂ Abz4 L407 DO3A- Q W- A V G H L M- monoamide-G- Ψ[CSNH] NH₂ Abz4 L408DO3A- Q W- A V G H L M- monoamide-G- Ψ[CH₂NH] NH₂ Abz4 L409 DO3A- Q W- AV G H L M- monoamide-G- Ψ[CH═CH] NH₂ Abz4 L410 DO3A- Q α- A V G H L M-monoamide-G- MeW NH₂ Abz4 L411 DO3A- Q W Nme-A V G H L M- monoamide-G-NH₂ Abz4 L412 DO3A- Q W A- V G H L M- monoamide-G- Ψ[CSNH] NH₂ Abz4 L413DO3A- Q W A- V G H L M- monoamide-G- Ψ[CH₂NH] NH₂ Abz4 L414 DO3A- Q WAib V G H L M- monoamide-G- NH₂ Abz4 L415 DO3A- Q W A V Sar H L M-monoamide-G- NH₂ Abz4 L416 DO3A- Q W A V G- H L M- monoamide-G- Ψ[CSNH]NH₂ Abz4 L417 DO3A- Q W A V G- H L M- monoamide-G- Ψ[CH═CH] NH₂ Abz4L418 DO3A- Q W A V Dala H L M- monoamide-G- NH₂ Abz4 L419 DO3A- Q W A VG Nme- L M- monoamide-G- His NH₂ Abz4 L420 DO3A- Q W A V G H- L M-monoamide-G- Ψ[CSNH] NH₂ Abz4 L421 DO3A- Q W A V G H- L M- monoamide-G-Ψ[CH₂NH] NH₂ Abz4 L422 DO3A- Q W A V G H- L M- monoamide-G- Ψ[CH═CH] NH₂Abz4 L423 DO3A- Q W A V G α- L M- monoamide-G- MeH NH₂ Abz4 L424 DO3A- QW A V G H Nme-L M- monoamide-G- NH₂ Abz4 L425 DO3A- Q W A V G H α- M-monoamide-G- MeL NH₂ Abz4 L300 DO3A- Q W A V G H F-L NH₂ monoamide-G-ABz4

In the above table, QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 1 and QWAVGHFL-NH₂ (L300)is SEQ ID NO: 22.

4. Labeling and Administration Of Radiopharmaceutical Compounds

Incorporation of the metal within the radiopharmaceutical conjugates canbe achieved by various methods commonly known in the art of coordinationchemistry. When the metal is ^(99m)Tc, a preferred radionuclide fordiagnostic imaging, the following general procedure can be used to forma technetium complex. A peptide-chelator conjugate solution is formed byinitially dissolving the conjugate in water, dilute acid, or in anaqueous solution of an alcohol such as ethanol. The solution is thenoptionally degassed to remove dissolved oxygen. When an —SH group ispresent in the peptide, a thiol protecting group such as Acm(acetamidomethyl), trityl or other thiol protecting group may optionallybe used to protect the thiol from oxidation. The thiol protectinggroup(s) are removed with a suitable reagent, for example with sodiumhydroxide, and are then neutralized with an organic acid such as aceticacid (pH 6.0-6.5). Alternatively, the thiol protecting group can beremoved in situ during technetium chelation. In the labeling step,sodium pertechnetate obtained from a molybdenum generator is added to asolution of the conjugate with a sufficient amount of a reducing agent,such as stannous chloride, to reduce technetium and is either allowed tostand at room temperature or is heated. The labeled conjugate can beseparated from the contaminants ^(99m)TcO4- and colloidal ^(99m)TcO₂chromatographically, for example with a C-18 Sep Pak cartridge[Millipore Corporation, Waters Chromatography Division, 34 Maple Street,Milford, Mass. 01757] or by HPLC using methods known to those skilled inthe art.

In an alternative method, the labeling can be accomplished by atranschelation reaction. In this method, the technetium source is asolution of technetium that is reduced and complexed with labile ligandsprior to reaction with the selected chelator, thus facilitating ligandexchange with the selected chelator. Examples of suitable ligands fortranschelation includes tartrate, citrate, gluconate, andheptagluconate. It will be appreciated that the conjugate can be labeledusing the techniques described above, or alternatively, the chelatoritself may be labeled and subsequently coupled to the peptide to formthe conjugate; a process referred to as the “prelabeled chelate” method.Re and Tc are both in row VIIB of the Periodic Table and they arechemical congeners. Thus, for the most part, the complexation chemistryof these two metals with ligand frameworks that exhibit high in vitroand in vivo stabilities are the same [Eckelman, 1995] and similarchelators and procedures can be used to label with Re. Many ^(99m)Tc or^(186/188)Re complexes, which are employed to form stable radiometalcomplexes with peptides and proteins, chelate these metals in their +5oxidation state [Lister-James et al., 1997]. This oxidation state makesit possible to selectively place ^(99m)Tc- or ^(186/188)Re into ligandframeworks already conjugated to the biomolecule, constructed from avariety of ^(99m)Tc(V) and/or ^(186/188)Re(V) weak chelates (e.g,^(99m)Tc-glucoheptonate, citrate, gluconate, etc.) [Eckelman, 1995;Lister-James et al., 1997; Pollak et al., 1996]. These references arehereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

5. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses

When labeled with diagnostically and/or therapeutically useful metals oroptical labels, compounds of the present invention can be used to treatand/or detect any pathology involving overexpression of GRP receptors(or NMB receptors) by procedures established in the art ofradiodiagnostics, radiotherapeutics and optical imaging. [See, e.g.,Bushbaum, 1995; Fischman et al., 1993; Schubiger et al., 1996; Lowbertzet al., 1994; Krenning et al., 1994; examples of optical dyes include,but are not limited to those described in WO 98/18497, WO 98/18496, WO98/18495, WO 98/18498, WO 98/53857, WO 96/17628, WO 97/18841, WO96/23524, WO 98/47538, and references cited therein, hereby incorporatedby reference in their entirety.]

GRP-R expression is highly upregulated in a variety of human tumors. Seee.g., WO 99/62563. Thus, compounds of the invention may be widely usefulin treating and diagnosing cancers, including prostate cancer (primaryand metastatic), breast cancer (primary and metastatic), colon cancer,gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, non small cell lung cancer, smallcell lung cancer, gastrinomas, melanomas, glioblastomas, neuroblastomas,uterus leiomyosarcoma tumors, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias[PIN], and ovarian cancer. Additionally, compounds of the invention maybe useful to distinguish between conditions in which GRP receptors areupregulated and those in which they are not (e.g. chronic pancreatitisand ductal pancreatic carcinoma, respectively

The compounds of the invention, which, as explained in more detail inthe Examples, show greater specificity and higher uptake in tumors invivo than compounds without the novel linkers disclosed herein, exhibitan improved ability to target GRP receptor-expressing tumors and thus toimage or deliver radiotherapy to these tissues. Indeed, as shown in theExamples, radiotherapy is more effective (and survival time increased)using compounds of the invention. Moreover, as shown in the Examples,compounds of the invention are particularly useful in the treatment ofprostate cancer, including bone or soft tissue metastases of prostatecancer and in both hormone sensitive and hormone refractory prostatecancer. Compounds of the invention, particularly radiolabeled L70, arealso useful in methods of delaying progression and decreasing vascularpermeability of prostate cancer, particularly hormone sensitive prostatecancer. Indeed, as shown in the Examples, compounds of the invention maydelay time to progression by about 100%. This is significantparticularly as some drugs have been approved which decrease time toprogression by as little as 15%. The compounds of the invention are alsouseful in facilitating combination therapy of hormone sensitive prostatecancer. Combination therapy includes administration of a compound of theinvention as well as another substance useful in treating prostatecancer such, as for example, a chemotherapeutic. Compounds of theinvention facilitate such combination therapy by, for example,normalizing the blood flow to tumors, facilitating the delivery of theadditional therapeutic agent.

Furthermore, the instant invention includes a method of increasingtargeting of a labeled compound of the invention to GRP receptorexpressing target tissue as compared to normal (e.g. non-target) GRPreceptor expressing tissue. This method comprises administering theappropriate mass of GRP receptor targeting peptide or conjugate, priorto or during administration of labeled compound of the invention.Similarly, the invention includes an improved method of administrationof labeled compounds of the invention in which tumor targeting isoptimized comprising administering the appropriate mass dose of GRPreceptor targeting peptide or conjugate prior to or duringadministration of labeled compound of the invention. Such pre- orco-dosing has been found to saturate non-target GRP receptors,decreasing their ability to compete with GRP receptors on tumor tissue.

It has previously been demonstrated that it can be beneficial to pre- orco-dose with increased masses of an active ingredient to occupycirculating binding sites or binding sites on normal (e.g., non-target)tissue which would otherwise compete with the target tissue bindingsites for the active ingredient. The goal of such pre-dosing orco-dosing is to increase targeting to and uptake in the target tissue.For instance, unlabeled anti-CD₂O antibodies have been administeredprior to administration of radioactive anti-CD₂O antibodies to occupybinding sites on circulating cells in an attempt to improvevisualization of disease sites. In another example, increasing masses ofcold somatostatin have been administered in an attempt to saturate thebinding sites of normal tissue and thus improve visualization ofdisease.

No circulating GRP receptor targeting peptide binding proteins have beenidentified to date. However, there are some normal tissues in the bodythat express appreciable levels of GRP receptors, which may compete withGRP receptor expressing target tissue. Increasing mass dose would beexpected to saturate the binding sites in such tissues. However, it hasbeen unexpectedly found that when mass doses of compounds of theinvention are administered, the behaviour of GRP receptor-expressingtumor tissue is different from that of GRP receptor-expressing normaltissues. Specifically, while normal tissue expressing GRP receptorsexhibit the expected saturation by the mass dose and thus decreaseduptake of labeled compounds of the invention, GRP expressing tumortissue is unexpectedly resistant to saturation as the mass dose isincreased, retaining the ability to bind labeled compounds of theinvention. The difference in response between the normal tissue and thetumor tissue may be a reflection of the escape from control of the tumortissues. Thus this beneficial effect is most likely to occur in thosecases where the binding site for a regulatory peptide or compound whichis normally closely controlled by the physiology of the normal tissueescapes such control when present in tumor tissue, as in for example thecase of GRP receptor expressing tumor tissue.

Thus, in order to optimize tumor targeting, an appropriate mass dose ofcompound of the invention may be administered prior to or duringadministration of the labeled compounds of the invention. It should benoted that while administration of a mass dose of unlabeled compounds ofthe invention is preferred, any active peptide that binds to andinteracts with the GRP receptor may be used, whether or not conjugatedto a linker and/or a metal chelator or detectable label and whether ornot labeled. Preferably, a mass dose of a GRP receptor agonist is usedand more preferably it is conjugated to a linker and/or a metal chelatoror detectable label, such as those disclosed herein. Most preferably amass dose of a compound of the invention is administered. While use ofunlabeled compounds is preferred for some embodiments, the mass dose mayinclude labeled compound. Indeed, for co-administration applications,administration of a single dose which includes the mass dose and thediagnostic or therapeutic dose of the labeled compound is preferred. Inthis instance, a labeled, but low specific activity dose is administeredwhich delivers both the appropriate mass dose of unlabeled compound aswell as the diagnostically or therapeutically useful dose of labeledcompound.

The appropriate mass dose will depend on the specifics of the patientand application, but selection of such dose is within the skill in theart. Useful mass doses are in the range of about 1 to about 20 μg/m² andpreferred doses are in the range of about 2 to about 10 μg/m². Where themass dose is given before the labeled compound of the invention (e.g.pre-dosing) the mass dose is preferably administered no more than about60 minutes before the diagnostic or therapeutic dose.

The diagnostic application of these compounds can be as a first linediagnostic screen for the presence of neoplastic cells usingscintigraphic, optical, sonoluminescence or photoacoustic imaging, as anagent for targeting neoplastic tissue using hand-held radiationdetection instrumentation in the field of radioimmuno guided surgery(RIGS), as a means to obtain dosimetry data prior to administration ofthe matched pair radiotherapeutic compound, and as a means to assess GRPreceptor population as a function of treatment over time.

The therapeutic application of these compounds can be defined as anagent that will be used as a first line therapy in the treatment ofcancer, as combination therapy with a chemotherapeutic or other drug,and/or as a matched pair therapeutic agent. Treatment encompasses atleast partial amelioration or alleviation of symptoms of a givencondition. For example, treatment may result in a decrease in the sizeof a tumor or other diseased area, prevention of an increase in size ofthe tumor or diseased area, reduction in aberrant blood flow orotherwise normalizing the blood flow in the tumor, delaying time toprogression of the tumor, increasing survival of the patient, etc. Thematched pair concept refers to a single unmetallated compound which canserve as both a diagnostic and a therapeutic agent depending on theradiometal that has been selected for binding to the appropriatechelate. If the chelator cannot accommodate the desired metals,appropriate substitutions can be made to accommodate the different metalwhile maintaining the pharmacology such that the behavior of thediagnostic compound in vivo can be used to predict the behavior of theradiotherapeutic compound. When utilized in conjunction with combinationtherapy any suitable chemotherapeutic or drug may be used, including forexample, antineoplastic agents, such as platinum compounds (e.g.,spiroplatin, cisplatin, and carboplatin), methotrexate, adriamycin,mitomycin, ansamitocin, bleomycin, cytosine, arabinoside, arabinosyladenine, mercaptopolylysine, vincristine, busulfan, chlorambucil,melphalan (e.g., PAM, a, L-PAM or phennylalanine mustard),mercaptopurine, mitotane. procarbazine hydrochloride, dactinomycin(actinomycin D), daunorubcin hydrochloride, doxorubicin hydrochloride,taxol, mitomycin, plicamycin (mithramycin), aminoglutethimide,estramustine phosphate sodium, flutamide, leuprolide acetate, megestrolacetate, tamoxifen citrate, testolactone, trilostane, amsacrine(m-AMSA), asparaginase (L-asparaginase) Erwina aparaginase,etoposide-(VP-16), interferon α-2a, interferon α-2b, teniposide (VM-26),vinblastine sulfate (VLB), and arabinosyl. In certain embodiments, thetherapeutic may be monoclonal antibody, such as a monoclonal antibodycapable of binding to melanoma antigen.

A conjugate labeled with a radionuclide metal, such as ¹⁷⁷Lu or^(99m)Tc, can be administered to a mammal, including human patients orsubjects, by, for example, intravenous, subcutaneous or intraperitonealinjection in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or solution suchas salt solutions like isotonic saline. Radiolabeled scintigraphicimaging agents provided by the present invention are provided having asuitable amount of radioactivity. In forming ^(99m)Tc radioactivecomplexes, it is generally preferred to form radioactive complexes insolutions containing radioactivity at concentrations of from about 0.01millicurie (mCi) to 100 mCi per mL. Generally, the unit dose to beadministered has a radioactivity of about 0.01 mCi to about 100 mCi,preferably 1 mCi to 30 mCi. The solution to be injected at unit dosageis from about 0.01 mL to about 10 mL. The amount of labeled conjugateappropriate for administration is dependent upon the distributionprofile of the chosen conjugate in the sense that a rapidly clearedconjugate may need to be administered in higher doses than one thatclears less rapidly. In vivo distribution and localization can betracked by standard scintigraphic techniques at an appropriate timesubsequent to administration; typically between thirty minutes and 180minutes depending upon the rate of accumulation at the target site withrespect to the rate of clearance at non-target tissue. For example,after injection of the diagnostic radionuclide-labeled compounds of theinvention into the patient, a gamma camera calibrated for the gamma rayenergy of the nuclide incorporated in the imaging agent can be used toimage areas of uptake of the agent and quantify the amount ofradioactivity present in the site. Imaging of the site in vivo can takeplace in a few minutes. However, imaging can take place, if desired,hours or even longer, after the radiolabeled peptide is injected into apatient. In most instances, a sufficient amount of the administered dosewill accumulate in the area to be imaged within about 0.1 hour to permitthe taking of scintiphotos.

The compounds of the present invention can be administered to a patientalone or as part of a composition that contains other components such asexcipients, diluents, radical scavengers, stabilizers, and carriers, allof which are well-known in the art. The compounds can be administered topatients either intravenously or intraperitoneally.

There are numerous advantages associated with the present invention. Thecompounds made in accordance with the present invention form stable,well-defined ^(99m)Tc or ^(186/188)Re labeled compounds. Similarcompounds of the invention can also be made by using appropriatechelator frameworks for the respective radiometals, to form stable,well-defined products labeled with ¹⁵³Sm, ⁹⁰Y, ¹⁶⁶Ho, ¹⁰⁵Rh, ¹⁹⁹Au,¹⁴⁹Pm, ¹⁷⁷Lu, ¹¹¹In or other radiometals. The radiolabeled GRP receptortargeting peptides selectively bind to neoplastic cells expressing GRPreceptors, and if an agonist is used, become internalized, and areretained in the tumor cells for extended time periods. The radioactivematerial that does not reach (i.e., does not bind) the cancer cells ispreferentially excreted efficiently into the urine with minimalretention of the radiometal in the kidneys.

6. Optical Imaging, Sonoluminescence, Photoacoustic Imaging andPhototherapy

In accordance with the present invention, a number of optical parametersmay be employed to determine the location of a target with in vivo lightimaging after injection of the subject with an optically-labeledcompound of the invention. Optical parameters to be detected in thepreparation of an image may include transmitted radiation, absorption,fluorescent or phosphorescent emission, light reflection, changes inabsorbance amplitude or maxima, and elastically scattered radiation. Forexample, biological tissue is relatively translucent to light in thenear infrared (NIR) wavelength range of 650-1000 nm. NIR radiation canpenetrate tissue up to several centimeters, permitting the use ofcompounds of the present invention to image target-containing tissue invivo. The use of visible and near-infrared (NIR) light in clinicalpractice is growing rapidly. Compounds absorbing or emitting in thevisible, NIR, or long-wavelength (UV-A, >350 nm) region of theelectromagnetic spectrum are potentially useful for optical tomographicimaging, endoscopic visualization, and phototherapy.

A major advantage of biomedical optics lies in its therapeuticpotential. Phototherapy has been demonstrated to be a safe and effectiveprocedure for the treatment of various surface lesions, both externaland internal. Dyes are important to enhance signal detection and/orphotosensitizing of tissues in optical imaging and phototherapy.Previous studies have shown that certain dyes can localize in tumors andserve as a powerful probe for the detection and treatment of smallcancers (D. A. Bellnier et al., Murine pharmacokinetics and antitumorefficacy of the photodynamic sensitizer 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinylpyropheophorbide-a, J. Photochem. Photobiol., 1993, 20, pp. 55-61; G. A.Wagnieres et al., In vivo fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging foroncological applications, Photochem. Photobiol., 1998, 68, pp. 603-632;J. S. Reynolds et al., Imaging of spontaneous canine mammary tumorsusing fluorescent contrast agents, Photochem. Photobiol., 1999, 70, pp.87-94). All of these listed references are hereby incorporated byreference in their entirety. However, these dyes do not localizepreferentially in malignant tissues.

In an exemplary embodiment, the compounds of the invention may beconjugated with photolabels, such as optical dyes, including organicchromophores or fluorophores, having extensive delocalized ring systemsand having absorption or emission maxima in the range of 400-1500 nm.The compounds of the invention may alternatively be derivatized with abioluminescent molecule. The preferred range of absorption maxima forphotolabels is between 600 and 1000 nm to minimize interference with thesignal from hemoglobin. Preferably, photoabsorption labels have largemolar absorptivities, e.g. >10⁵ cm⁻¹M⁻¹, while fluorescent optical dyeswill have high quantum yields. Examples of optical dyes include, but arenot limited to those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,641,798, WO 98/18497,WO 98/18496, WO 98/18495, WO 98/18498, WO 98/53857, WO 96/17628, WO97/18841, WO 96/23524, WO 98/47538, and references cited therein, allhereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. For example, thephotolabels may be covalently linked directly to compounds of theinvention, such as, for example, compounds comprised of GRP receptortargeting peptides and linkers of the invention. Several dyes thatabsorb and emit light in the visible and near-infrared region ofelectromagnetic spectrum are currently being used for various biomedicalapplications due to their biocompatibility, high molar absorptivity,and/or high fluorescence quantum yields. The high sensitivity of theoptical modality in conjunction with dyes as contrast agents parallelsthat of nuclear medicine, and permits visualization of organs andtissues without the undesirable effect of ionizing radiation. Cyaninedyes with intense absorption and emission in the near-infrared (NIR)region are particularly useful because biological tissues are opticallytransparent in this region (B. C. Wilson, Optical properties of tissues.Encyclopedia of Human Biology, 1991, 5, 587-597). For example,indocyanine green, which absorbs and emits in the NIR region has beenused for monitoring cardiac output, hepatic functions, and liver bloodflow (Y-L. He, H. Tanigami, H. Ueyama, T. Mashimo, and I. Yoshiya,Measurement of blood volume using indocyanine green measured withpulse-spectrometry: Its reproducibility and reliability. Critical CareMedicine, 1998, 26(8), 1446-1451; J. Caesar, S. Shaldon, L. Chiandussi,et al., The use of Indocyanine green in the measurement of hepatic bloodflow and as a test of hepatic function. Clin. Sci. 1961, 21, 43-57) andits functionalized derivatives have been used to conjugate biomoleculesfor diagnostic purposes (R. B. Mujumdar, L. A. Ernst, S. R. Mujumdar, etal., Cyanine dye labeling reagents: Sulfoindocyanine succinimidylesters. Bioconjugate Chemistry, 1993, 4(2), 105-111; Linda G. Lee andSam L. Woo. “N-Heteroaromatic ion and iminium ion substituted cyaninedyes for use as fluorescent labels”, U.S. Pat. No. 5,453,505; EricHohenschuh, et al. “Light imaging contrast agents”, WO 98/48846;Jonathan Turner, et al. “Optical diagnostic agents for the diagnosis ofneurodegenerative diseases by means of near infra-red radiation”, WO98/22146; Kai Licha, et al. “In-vivo diagnostic process by near infraredradiation”, WO 96/17628; Robert A. Snow, et al., Compounds, WO 98/48838,U.S. Pat. No. 6,641,798. All of these listed references are herebyincorporated by reference in their entirety.

After injection of the optically-labeled compound, the patient isscanned with one or more light sources (e.g., a laser) in the wavelengthrange appropriate for the photolabel employed in the agent. The lightused may be monochromatic or polychromatic and continuous or pulsed.Transmitted, scattered, or reflected light is detected via aphotodetector tuned to one or multiple wavelengths to determine thelocation of target-containing tissue (e.g., tissue containing GRP) inthe subject. Changes in the optical parameter may be monitored over timeto detect accumulation of the optically-labeled reagent at the targetsite (e.g. the tumor or other site with GRP receptors). Standard imageprocessing and detecting devices may be used in conjunction with theoptical imaging reagents of the present invention.

The optical imaging reagents described above may also be used foracousto-optical or sonoluminescent imaging performed withoptically-labeled imaging agents (see, U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,298, WO98/57666, and references therein). In acousto-optical imaging,ultrasound radiation is applied to the subject and affects the opticalparameters of the transmitted, emitted, or reflected light. Insonoluminescent imaging, the applied ultrasound actually generates thelight detected. Suitable imaging methods using such techniques aredescribed in WO 98/57666.

Various imaging techniques and reagents are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.6,663,847, 6,656,451, 6,641,798, 6,485,704, 6,423,547, 6,395,257,6,280,703, 6,277,841, 6,264,920, 6,264,919, 6,228,344, 6,217,848,6,190,641, 6,183,726, 6,180,087, 6,180,086, 6,180,085, 6,013,243, andpublished U.S. Patent Applications 2003185756, 20031656432, 2003158127,2003152577, 2003143159, 2003105300, 2003105299, 2003072763, 2003036538,2003031627, 2003017164, 2002169107, 2002164287, and 2002156117, all ofwhich are hereby incorporated by reference.

7. Radiotherapy

Radioisotope therapy involves the administration of a radiolabeledcompound in sufficient quantity to damage or destroy the targetedtissue. After administration of the compound (by e.g., intravenous,subcutaneous, or intraperitonal injection), the radiolabeledpharmaceutical localizes preferentially at the disease site (in thisinstance, tumor tissue or other tissue that expresses the pertinent GRPreceptor). Once localized, the radiolabeled compound then damages ordestroys the diseased tissue with the energy that is released during theradioactive decay of the isotope that is administered. As discussedherein, the invention also encompasses use of radiotherapy incombination with chemotherapy (or in combination with any otherappropriate therapeutic agent). Compounds of the invention mayfacilitate such combination therapy by, inter alia, improving deliveryof the chemotherapy to the tumor.

The design of a successful radiotherapeutic involves several criticalfactors:

1 selection of an appropriate targeting group to deliver theradioactivity to the disease site;

2. selection of an appropriate radionuclide that releases sufficientenergy to damage that disease site, without substantially damagingadjacent normal tissues; and

3. selection of an appropriate combination of the targeting group andthe radionuclide without adversely affecting the ability of thisconjugate to localize at the disease site. For radiometals, this ofteninvolves a chelating group that coordinates tightly to the radionuclide,combined with a linker that couples said chelate to the targeting group,and that affects the overall biodistribution of the compound to maximizeuptake in target tissues and minimize uptake in normal, non-targetorgans.

The present invention provides radiotherapeutic agents that satisfy allthree of the above criteria, through proper selection of targetinggroup, radionuclide, metal chelate and linker.

Radiotherapeutic agents may contain a chelated 3+ metal ion from theclass of elements known as the lanthanides (elements of atomic number57-71) and their analogs (i.e. M³⁺ metals such as yttrium and indium).Typical radioactive metals in this class include the isotopes90-Yttrium, 111-Indium, 149-Promethium, 153-Samarium, 166-Dysprosium,166-Holmium, 175-Ytterbium, and ¹⁷⁷-Lutetium. All of these metals (andothers in the lanthanide series) have very similar chemistries, in thatthey remain in the +3 oxidation state, and prefer to chelate to ligandsthat bear hard (oxygen/nitrogen) donor atoms, as typified by derivativesof the well known chelate DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) andpolyaza-polycarboxylate macrocycles such as DOTA(1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N′″-tetraacetic acid and itsclose analogs. The structures of these chelating ligands, in their fullydeprotonated form are shown below.

DTPA DOTA

These chelating ligands encapsulate the radiometal by binding to it viamultiple nitrogen and oxygen atoms, thus preventing the release of free(unbound) radiometal into the body. This is important, as in vivodissociation of 3⁺ radiometals from their chelate can result in uptakeof the radiometal in the liver, bone and spleen [Brechbiel M W, Gansow OA, “Backbone-substituted DTPA ligands for ⁹⁰Y radioimmunotherapy”,Bioconj. Chem. 1991; 2: 187-194; Li, W P, Ma D S, Higginbotham C,Hoffman T, Ketring A R, Cutler C S, Jurisson, S S, “Development of an invitro model for assessing the in vivo stability of lanthanide chelates.”Nucl. Med. Biol. 2001; 28(2): 145-154; Kasokat T, Urich K.Arzneim.-Forsch, “Quantification of dechelation of gadopentetatedimeglumine in rats”. 1992; 42(6): 869-76]. Unless one is specificallytargeting these organs, such non-specific uptake is highly undesirable,as it leads to non-specific irradiation of non-target tissues, which canlead to such problems as hematopoietic suppression due to irradiation ofbone marrow.

For radiotherapy applications any of the chelators for therapeuticradionuclides disclosed herein may be used. However, forms of the DOTAchelate [Tweedle M F, Gaughan G T, Hagan J T,“1-Substituted-1,4,7-triscarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecaneand analogs.” U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,363, Dec. 5, 1989] are particularlypreferred, as the DOTA chelate is expected to de-chelate less in thebody than DTPA or other linear chelates. Compounds L64 and L70 (whenlabeled with an appropriate therapeutic radionuclide) are particularlypreferred for radiotherapy.

General methods for coupling DOTA-type macrocycles to targeting groupsthrough a linker (e.g. by activation of one of the carboxylates of theDOTA to form an active ester, which is then reacted with an amino groupon the linker to form a stable amide bond), are known to those skilledin the art. (See e.g. Tweedle et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,363). Couplingcan also be performed on DOTA-type macrocycles that are modified on thebackbone of the polyaza ring.

The selection of a proper nuclide for use in a particularradiotherapeutic application depends on many factors, including:

a. Physical half-life—This should be long enough to allow synthesis andpurification of the radiotherapeutic construct from radiometal andconjugate, and delivery of said construct to the site of injection,without significant radioactive decay prior to injection. Preferably,the radionuclide should have a physical half-life between about 0.5 and8 days.

b. Energy of the emission(s) from the radionuclide—Radionuclides thatare particle emitters (such as alpha emitters, beta emitters and Augerelectron emitters) are particularly useful, as they emit highlyenergetic particles that deposit their energy over short distances,thereby producing highly localized damage. Beta emitting radionuclidesare particularly preferred, as the energy from beta particle emissionsfrom these isotopes is deposited within 5 to about 150 cell diameters.Radiotherapeutic agents prepared from these nuclides are capable ofkilling diseased cells that are relatively close to their site oflocalization, but cannot travel long distances to damage adjacent normaltissue such as bone marrow.

c. Specific activity (i.e. radioactivity per mass of theradionuclide)—Radionuclides that have high specific activity (e.g.generator produced 90-Y, 111-In, 177-Lu) are particularly preferred. Thespecific activity of a radionuclide is determined by its method ofproduction, the particular target that is used to produce it, and theproperties of the isotope in question.

Many of the lanthanides and lanthanoids include radioisotopes that havenuclear properties that make them suitable for use as radiotherapeuticagents, as they emit beta particles. Some of these are listed in thetable below.

Approximate range of b- Half-Life Max b-energy Gamma energy particleIsotope (days) (MeV) (keV) (cell diameters) ¹⁴⁹-Pm 2.21 1.1 286 60¹⁵³-Sm 1.93 0.69 103 30 ¹⁶⁶-Dy 3.40 0.40 82.5 15 ¹⁶⁶-Ho 1.12 1.8 80.6117 ¹⁷⁵-Yb 4.19 0.47 396 17 ¹⁷⁷-Lu 6.71 0.50 208 20 ⁹⁰-Y 2.67 2.28 — 150¹¹¹-In 2.810 Auger electron 173, 247 <5 μm emitter Pm: Promethium, Sm:Samarium, Dy: Dysprosium, Ho: Holmium, Yb: Ytterbium, Lu: Lutetium, Y:Yttrium, In: Indium

Methods for the preparation of radiometals such as beta-emittinglanthanide radioisotopes are known to those skilled in the art, and havebeen described elsewhere [e.g., Cutler C S, Smith C J, Ehrhardt G J.;Tyler T T, Jurisson S S, Deutsch E. “Current and potential therapeuticuses of lanthanide radioisotopes.” Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 2000;15(6): 531-545]. Many of these isotopes can be produced in high yieldfor relatively low cost, and many (e.g. ⁹⁰-Y, ¹⁴⁹-Pm, ¹⁷⁷-Lu) can beproduced at close to carrier-free specific activities (i.e. the vastmajority of atoms are radioactive). Since non-radioactive atoms cancompete with their radioactive analogs for binding to receptors on thetarget tissue, the use of high specific activity radioisotope isimportant, to allow delivery of as high a dose of radioactivity to thetarget tissue as possible.

Radiotherapeutic derivatives of the invention containing beta-emittingisotopes of rhenium (¹⁸⁶-Re and ¹⁸⁸-Re) are also particularly preferred.

As shown in the Examples, radiotherapeutic derivatives of the inventionare particularly useful at treating prostate cancer and may be used inth treatment of primary or metastatic prostate cancer, whether hormonesensitive or hormone refractory. Additionally, radiotherapeuticcompounds of the invention may be utilized to treat both bone and softtissue metastases of prostate cancer as well as to delay progressionand/or to decrease aberrant vascular permeability associated withprostate cancer.

8. Dosages and Additives

Proper dose schedules for the compounds of the present invention areknown to those skilled in the art. The compounds can be administeredusing many methods which include, but are not limited to, a single ormultiple IV or IP injections. For radiopharmaceuticals, one administersa quantity of radioactivity that is sufficient to permit imaging or, inthe case of radiotherapy, to cause damage or ablation of the targetedGRP-R bearing tissue, but not so much that substantive damage is causedto non-target (normal tissue). The quantity and dose required forscintigraphic imaging is discussed supra. The quantity and dose requiredfor radiotherapy is also different for different constructs, dependingon the energy and half-life of the isotope used, the degree of uptakeand clearance of the agent from the body and the mass of the tumor. Ingeneral, doses can range from a single dose of about 30-50 mCi to acumulative dose of up to about 3 Curies.

As explained herein the administration of an appropriately selected massdose can decrease the proportion of the administered dose of labeledcompound of the invention in normal tissues having functioning GRPreceptors, thus improving the perspicuity of the tumor signal and/orincreasing the dose of a therapeutic radionuclide in the tumor.

For optical imaging compounds, dosages sufficient to achieve the desiredimage enhancement are known to those skilled in the art and may varywidely depending on the dye or other compound used, the organ or tissueto be imaged, the imaging equipment used, etc.

The compositions of the invention can include physiologically acceptablebuffers, and can require radiation stabilizers to prevent radiolyticdamage to the compound prior to injection. Radiation stabilizers areknown to those skilled in the art, and may include, for example,para-aminobenzoic acid, ascorbic acid, gentistic acid and the like.

A single, or multi-vial kit that contains all of the components neededto prepare the diagnostic or therapeutic agents of this invention is anintegral part of this invention. In the case of radiopharmaceuticals,such kits will often include all necessary ingredients except theradionuclide.

For example, a single-vial kit for preparing a radiopharmaceutical ofthe invention preferably contains a chelator/linker/targeting peptideconjugate of the formula M-N—O—P-G, a source of stannous salt (ifreduction is required, e.g., when using technetium), or otherpharmaceutically acceptable reducing agent, and is appropriatelybuffered with pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base to adjust the pHto a value of about 3 to about 9. The quantity and type of reducingagent used will depend highly on the nature of the exchange complex tobe formed. The proper conditions are well known to those that areskilled in the art. It is preferred that the kit contents be inlyophilized form. Such a single vial kit may optionally contain labileor exchange ligands such as glucoheptonate, gluconate, mannitol, malate,citric or tartaric acid and can also contain reaction modifiers such asdiethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DPTA), ethylenediamine tetraaceticacid (EDTA), or α, β, or γ-cyclodextrin that serve to improve theradiochemical purity and stability of the final product. The kit mayalso contain stabilizers, bulking agents such as mannitol, that aredesigned to aid in the freeze-drying process, and other additives knownto those skilled in the art.

A multi-vial kit preferably contains the same general components butemploys more than one vial in reconstituting the radiopharmaceutical.For example, one vial may contain all of the ingredients that arerequired to form a labile Tc(V) complex on addition of pertechnetate(e.g. the stannous source or other reducing agent). Pertechnetate isadded to this vial, and after waiting an appropriate period of time, thecontents of this vial are added to a second vial that contains thechelator and targeting peptide, as well as buffers appropriate to adjustthe pH to its optimal value. After a reaction time of about 5 to 60minutes, the complexes of the present invention are formed. It isadvantageous that the contents of both vials of this multi-vial kit belyophilized. As above, reaction modifiers, exchange ligands,stabilizers, bulking agents, etc. may be present in either or bothvials.

General Preparation Of Compounds

The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by variousmethods depending upon the selected chelator. The peptide portion of thecompound can be most conveniently prepared by techniques generallyestablished and known in the art of peptide synthesis, such as thesolid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) approach. Because it is amenable tosolid phase synthesis, employing alternating FMOC protection anddeprotection is the preferred method of making short peptides.Recombinant DNA technology is preferred for producing proteins and longfragments thereof.

Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) involves the stepwise addition ofamino acid residues to a growing peptide chain that is linked to aninsoluble support or matrix, such as polystyrene. The C-terminal residueof the peptide is first anchored to a commercially available supportwith its amino group protected with an N-protecting agent such as at-butyloxycarbonyl group (Boc) or a fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)group. The amino protecting group is removed with suitable deprotectingagents such as TFA in the case of Boc or piperidine for Fmoc and thenext amino acid residue (in N-protected form) is added with a couplingagent such as diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC). Upon formation of a peptidebond, the reagents are washed from the support. After addition of thefinal residue, the peptide is cleaved from the support with a suitablereagent such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or hydrogen fluoride (HF).

Alternative Preparation of the Compounds via Segment Coupling

The compounds of the invention may also be prepared by the process knownin the art as segment coupling or fragment condensation (Barlos, K. andGatos, D.; 2002 “Convergent Peptide Synthesis” in Fmoc Solid PhaseSynthesis—A Practical Approach; Eds. Chan, W. C. and White, P. D.;Oxford University Press, New York; Chap. 9, pp 215-228). In this methodsegments of the peptide usually in side-chain protected form, areprepared separately by either solution phase synthesis or solid phasesynthesis or a combination of the two methods. The choice of segments iscrucial and is made using a division strategy that can provide amanageable number of segments whose C-terminal residues and N-terminalresidues are projected to provide the cleanest coupling in peptidesynthesis. The C-terminal residues of the best segments are eitherdevoid of chiral alpha carbons (glycine or other moieties achiral at thecarbon ∝ to the carboxyl group to be activated in the coupling step) orare compromised of amino acids whose propensity to racemization duringactivation and coupling is lowest of the possible choices. The choice ofN-terminal amino acid for each segment is based on the ease of couplingof an activated acyl intermediate to the amino group. Once the divisionstrategy is selected the method of coupling of each of the segments ischosen based on the synthetic accessibility of the requiredintermediates and the relative ease of manipulation and purification ofthe resulting products (if needed). The segments are then coupledtogether, both in solution, or one on solid phase and the other insolution to prepare the final structure in fully or partially protectedform.

The protected target compound is then subjected to removal of protectinggroups, purified and isolated to give the final desired compound.Advantages of the segment coupling approach are that each segment can bepurified separately, allowing the removal of side products such asdeletion sequences resulting from incomplete couplings or those derivedfrom reactions such as side-chain amide dehydration during couplingsteps, or internal cyclization of side-chains (such as that of Gln) tothe alpha amino group during deprotection of Fmoc groups. Such sideproducts would all be present in the final product of a conventionalresin-based ‘straight through’ peptide chain assembly whereas removal ofthese materials can be performed, if needed, at many stages in a segmentcoupling strategy. Another important advantage of the segment couplingstrategy is that different solvents, reagents and conditions can beapplied to optimize the synthesis of each of the segments to high purityand yield resulting in improved purity and yield of the final product.Other advantages realized are decreased consumption of reagents andlower costs.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are provided as examples of different methodswhich can be used to prepare various compounds of the present invention.Within each example, there are compounds identified in single boldcapital letter (e.g., A, B, C), which correlate to the same labeledcorresponding compounds in the drawings identified.

General Experimental A. Definitions of Additional Abbreviations Used

The following common abbreviations are used throughout thisspecification:

-   -   1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl (Boc or Boc);    -   9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc);    -   allyloxycarbonyl (Aloc);    -   1-hydroxybenozotriazole (HOBt or HOBT);    -   N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC);    -   N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP);    -   acetic anhydride (Ac₂O);    -   (4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohex-1-ylidene)-3-methylbutyl        (iv-Dde);    -   trifluoroacetic acid (TFA);    -   Reagent B (TFA:H₂O:phenol:triisopropylsilane, 88:5:5:2);    -   diisopropylethylamine (DIEA);    -   O-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium        hexafluorophosphate (HBTU);    -   O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium        hexafluorphosphate (HATU);    -   N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS);    -   solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS);    -   dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO);    -   dichloromethane (DCM);    -   dimethylformamide (DMF);    -   dimethylacetamide (DMA);    -   1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        (DOTA);    -   Triisopropylsilane (TIPS);    -   1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        (DOTA)    -   (1R)-1-[1,4,7,10-tetraaza-4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)cyclododecyl]ethane-1,2-dicarboxylic        acid (CMDOTA);    -   fetal bovine serum (FBS);    -   human serum albumin (HSA);    -   human prostate cancer cell line (PC3);    -   isobutylchloroformate (IBCF);    -   tributyl amine (TBA);    -   radiochemical purity (RCP); and    -   high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

B. Materials

The Fmoc-protected amino acids used were purchased from Nova-Biochem(San Diego, Calif., USA), Advanced Chem Tech (Louisville, Ky., USA),Chem-Impex International (Wood Dale Ill., USA), and Multiple PeptideSystems (San Diego, Calif., USA). Other chemicals, reagents andadsorbents required for the syntheses were procured from AldrichChemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wis., USA) and VWR Scientific Products(Bridgeport, N.J., USA). Solvents for peptide synthesis were obtainedfrom Pharmco Co. (Brookfield Conn., USA). Columns for HPLC analysis andpurification were obtained from Waters Co. (Milford, Mass., USA).Experimental details are given below for those that were notcommercially available.

C. Instrumentation for Peptide Synthesis

Peptides were prepared using an Advanced ChemTech 496Ω MOS synthesizer,an Advanced ChemTech 357 FBS synthesizer and/or by manual peptidesynthesis. However the protocols for iterative deprotection and chainextension employed were the same for all.

D. Automated synthesis with the Symphony instrument (Made by Rainin)

The synthesis was run with Symphony Software (Version 3) supplied byProtein Technologies Inc. Novagel TGR resin, with a substitution of 0.25mmol/g, was used, and each well contained 0.2 g of the resin (50 μmol).The amino acids were dissolved in NMP and the concentration was 0.25M. A0.25M solution of HBTU and N-Methylmorpholine in DMF was prepared andused for the coupling. All the couplings were carried out for 2.0 h. Thecleavage was done outside the machine by transferring the resin toanother reaction vessel and using Reagent B as in the manual synthesis

E. Instrumentation Employed for Analysis and Purification

Analytical HPLC was performed using a Shimadzu-LC-10A dual pump gradientanalytical LC system employing Shimadzu-ClassVP software version 4.1 forsystem control, data acquisition, and post run processing. Mass spectrawere acquired on a Hewlett-Packard Series 1100 MSD mass spectrometerinterfaced with a Hewlett-Packard Series 1100 dual pump gradient HPLCsystem fitted with an Agilent Technologies 1100 series autosamplerfitted for either direct flow injection or injection onto a WatersAssociates XTerra MS C18 column (4.6 mm×50 mm, 5μ particle, 120 Å pore).The instrument was driven by a HP Kayak workstation using ‘MSD Anyone’software for sample submission and HP Chemstation software forinstrument control and data acquisition. In most cases the samples wereintroduced via direct injection using a 5 μL injection of samplesolution at a concentration of 1 mg/mL and analyzed using positive ionelectrospray to obtain m/e and m/z (multiply charged) ions forconfirmation of structure. ¹H-NMR spectra were obtained on a VarianInnova spectrometer at 500 MHz. ¹³C-NMR spectra were obtained on thesame instrument at 125.73 MHz. Generally the residual ¹H absorption, orin the case of ¹³C-NMR, the ¹³C absorption of the solvent employed, wasused as an internal reference; in other cases tetramethylsilane (6=0.00ppm) was employed. Resonance values are given in 6 units. Micro analysisdata was obtained from Quantitative Technologies Inc., Whitehouse N.J.Preparative HPLC was performed on a Shimadzu-LC-8A dual pump gradientpreparative HPLC system employing Shimadzu-ClassVP software version 4.3for system control, data acquisition, fraction collection and post runprocessing.

F. General Procedures for Peptide Synthesis

Rink Amide-Novagel HL resin (0.6 mmol/g) was used as the solid support.

G. Coupling Procedure

In a typical experiment, the first amino acid was loaded onto 0.1 g ofthe resin (0.06 mmol). The appropriate Fmoc-amino acid in NMP (0.25Msolution; 0.960 mL was added to the resin followed byN-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.5M in NMP; 0.48 mL) and the reaction block (inthe case of automated peptide synthesis) or individual reaction vessel(in the case of manual peptide synthesis) was shaken for about 2 min. Tothe above mixture, diisopropylcarbodiimide (0.5M in NMP; 0.48 mL) wasadded and the reaction mixture was shaken for 4 h at ambienttemperature. Then the reaction block or the individual reaction vesselwas purged of reactants by application of a positive pressure of drynitrogen.

H. Washing Procedure

Each well of the reaction block was filled with 1.2 mL of NMP and theblock was shaken for 5 min. The solution was drained under positivepressure of nitrogen. This procedure was repeated three times. The sameprocedure was used, with an appropriate volume of NMP, in the case ofmanual synthesis using individual vessels.

I. Removal of Fmoc Protecting Group

The resin bearing the Fmoc-protected amino acid was treated with 1.5 mLof 20% piperidine in DMF (v/v) and the reaction block or individualmanual synthesis vessel was shaken for 15 min. The solution was drainedfrom the resin. This procedure was repeated once and the resin waswashed employing the washing procedure described above.

J. Final Coupling of Ligand (DOTA and CMDOTA)

The N-terminal amino group of the resin bound peptide linker constructwas deblocked and the resin was washed. A 0.25M solution of the desiredligand and HBTU in NMP was made, and was treated with a two-foldequivalency of DIEA. The resulting solution of activated ligand wasadded to the resin (1.972 mL; 0.48 mmol) and the reaction mixture wasshaken at ambient temperature for 24-30 h. The solution was drained andthe resin was washed. The final wash of the resin was conducted with 1.5mL dichloromethane (3×).

K. Deprotection and Purification of the Final Peptide

A solution of Reagent B (2 mL; 88:5:5:2—TFA:phenol:water:TIPS) was addedto the resin and the reaction block or individual vessel was shaken for4.5 h at ambient temperature. The resulting solution containing thedeprotected peptide was drained into a vial. This procedure was repeatedtwo more times with 1 mL of Reagent B. The combined filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure using a Genevac HT-12 series IIcentrifugal concentrator. The residue in each vial was then trituratedwith 2 mL of Et₂O and the supernatant was decanted. This procedure wasrepeated twice to provide the peptides as colorless solids. The crudepeptides were dissolved in water/acetonitrile and purified using eithera Waters XTerra MS C18 preparative HPLC column (50 mm×19 mm, 5 micronparticle size, 120 Å pore size) or a Waters-YMC C18 ODS column (250mm×30 mm i.d., 10 micron particle size. 120 Å pore size). Theproduct-containing fractions were collected and analyzed by HPLC. Thefractions with >95% purity were pooled and the peptides isolated bylyophilization.

Conditions for Preparative HPLC (Waters XTerra Column):

-   -   Elution rate: 50 mL/min    -   Detection: UV, λ=220 nm    -   Eluent A: 0.1% aq. TFA; Eluent B: Acetonitrile (0.1% TFA).        -   Conditions for HPLC Analysis:    -   Column: Waters XTerra (Waters Co.; 4.6×50 mm; MS C18; 5 micron        particle, 120 Å pore).    -   Elution rate: 3 mL/min; Detection: UV, λ=220 nm.    -   Eluent A: 0.1% aq. TFA; Eluent B: Acetonitrile (0.1% TFA).

Example 1 FIGS. 1A-B Synthesis of L62

Summary: As shown in FIGS. 1A-B, L62 was prepared using the followingsteps: Hydrolysis of (3β,5β)-3-aminocholan-24-oic acid methyl ester Awith NaOH gave the corresponding acid B, which was then reacted withFmoc-Cl to give intermediate C. Rink amide resin functionalised with theoctapeptide Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂ (BBN[7-14] (SEQ IDNO: 1) was sequentially reacted with C, Fmoc-glycine and DOTAtri-t-butyl ester. After cleavage and deprotection with Reagent B thecrude was purified by preparative HPLC to give L62. Overall yield: 2.5%.More details are provided below:

A. Rink Amide Resin Functionalised with Bombesin[7-14] (SEQ ID NO: 1)(A)

In a solid phase peptide synthesis vessel (see enclosure No. 1)Fmoc-amino acid (24 mmol), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) (3.67 g; 24mmol), and N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) (3.75 mL; 24 mmol) wereadded sequentially to a suspension of Rink amide NovaGel™ resin (10 g;6.0 mmol) A in DMF (45 mL). The mixture was shaken for 3 h at roomtemperature using a bench top shaker, then the solution was emptied andthe resin was washed with DMF (5×45 mL). The resin was shaken with 25%piperidine in DMF (45 mL) for 4 min, the solution was emptied and fresh25% piperidine in DMF (45 mL) was added. The suspension was shaken for10 min, then the solution was emptied and the resin was washed with DMF(5×45 mL).

This procedure was applied sequentially for the following amino acids:N-α-Fmoc-L-methionine, N-α-Fmoc-L-leucine,N-α-Fmoc-N^(im)-trityl-L-histidine, N-α-Fmoc-glycine, N-α-Fmoc-L-valine,N-α-Fmoc-L-alanine, N-α-Fmoc-N^(im)-Boc-L-tryptophan.

In the last coupling reaction N-α-Fmoc-N-γ-trityl-L-glutamine (14.6 g;24 mmol), HOBt (3.67 g; 24 mmol), and DIC (3.75 mL; 24 mmol) were addedto the resin in DMF (45 mL). The mixture was shaken for 3 h at roomtemperature, the solution was emptied and the resin was washed with DMF(5×45 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×45 mL) and vacuum dried.

B. Preparation of Intermediates B and C (FIG. 1A) 1. Synthesis of(3β,5β)-3-Aminocholan-24-oic Acid (B)

-   -   A 1 M solution of NaOH (16.6 mL; 16.6 mmol) was added dropwise        to a solution of (3β,5β)-3-aminocholan-24-oic acid methyl ester        (5.0 g; 12.8 mmol) in MeOH (65 mL) at 45° C. After 3 h stirring        at 45° C., the mixture was concentrated to 25 mL and H₂O (40 mL)        and 1 M HCl (22 mL) were added. The precipitated solid was        filtered, washed with H₂O (2×50 mL) and vacuum dried to give B        as a white solid (5.0 g; 13.3 mmol). Yield 80%.

2. Synthesis of (3β,5β)-3-(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)aminocholan-24-oicAcid (C)

-   -   A solution of 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (0.76 g; 2.93        mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (9 mL) was added dropwise to a suspension        of (3β,5β)-3-aminocholan-24-oic acid B (1.0 g; 2.66 mmol) in 10%        aq. Na₂CO₃ (16 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (9 mL) stirred at 0° C. After        6 h stirring at room temperature H₂O (90 mL) was added, the        aqueous phase washed with Et₂O (2×90 mL) and then 2 M HCl (15        mL) was added (final pH: 1.5). The aqueous phase was extracted        with EtOAc (2×100 mL), the organic phase dried over Na₂SO₄ and        evaporated. The crude was purified by flash chromatography to        give C as a white solid (1.2 g; 2.0 mmol). Yield 69%.

C. Synthesis of L62(N-[(33,50)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-cholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide)(FIG. 1B)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added. The suspension was shaken for 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        (3β,5β)-3-(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)aminocholan-24-oic acid C        (0.72 g; 1.2 mmol), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) (0.18 g; 1.2        mmol), N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol)        and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the mixture shaken for        24 h at room temperature, and the solution was emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with        50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution was        emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the        mixture shaken for another 20 min. The solution was emptied and        the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). N-α-Fmoc-glycine (0.79 g;        1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol) and        DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin. The mixture was shaken for 3        h at room temperature, the solution was emptied and the resin        washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with 50%        morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution was emptied,        fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture        shaken for another 20 min. The solution was emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL) followed by addition of        1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (0.79 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), DIEA        (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) to the resin. The mixture was        shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution was emptied        and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and        vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a flask with Reagent B (25        mL) for 4.5 h. The resin was filtered and the solution was        evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oily crude which        was triturated with Et₂O (20 mL) gave a precipitate. The        precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed with Et₂O        (3×20 mL), then analysed by HPLC and purified by preparative        HPLC. The fractions containing the product were lyophilised to        give L62 (6.6 mg; 3.8×10⁻³ mmol) as a white solid. Yield 4.5%.

Example II FIGS. 2A-F Synthesis of L70, L73, L74, L115 and L116

Summary: The products were obtained by coupling of the octapeptideGln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂ (BBN(7-14) (SEQ ID NO: 1) (withappropriate side chain protection) on the Rink amide resin withdifferent linkers, followed by functionalization with DOTA tri-t-butylester. After cleavage and deprotection with Reagent B the final productswere purified by preparative HPLC. Overall yields 3-9%.

A. Synthesis of L70 (FIG. 2A):

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added. The suspension was stirred for 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        Fmoc-4-aminobenzoic acid (0.43 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2        mmol), DIC (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the        resin, the mixture shaken for 3 h at room temperature, the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The        resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10        min, the solution was emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7        mL) was added and the mixture was shaken for 20 min. The        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        Fmoc-glycine (0.36 g; 1.2 mmol) HATU (0.46 g; 1.2 mmol) and DIEA        (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) were stirred for 15 min in DMA (7 mL) then        the solution was added to the resin, the mixture shaken for 2 h        at room temperature, the solution was emptied and the resin        washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with 50%        morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution was emptied,        fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture        shaken for 20 min. The solution was emptied and the resin washed        with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (0.79 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), DIEA        (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin. The        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7        mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a flask with        Reagent B (25 mL) for 4 h. The resin was filtered and the        filtrate solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to        afford an oily crude that was triturated with Et₂O (5 mL). The        precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed with Et₂O        (5×5 mL), then analysed by HPLC and purified by preparative        HPLC. The fractions containing the product were lyophilised to        give L70 as a white fluffy solid (6.8 mg; 0.005 mmol). Yield 3%.

B. Synthesis of L73 L115 and L116 (FIGS. 2B-2E):

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added. The suspension was stirred for 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        Fmoc-linker-OH (1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19        mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the        mixture was shaken for 3 h at room temperature, the solution was        emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin        was shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the        solution was emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added and the mixture was shaken for 20 min. The solution was        emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (0.79 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), DIEA        (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin. The        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7        mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a flask with        Reagent B (25 mL) for 4 h. The resin was filtered and the        solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oily        crude that was triturated with Et₂O (5 mL). The precipitate was        collected by centrifugation and washed with Et₂O (5×5 mL), then        analysed by HPLC and purified by preparative HPLC. The fractions        containing the product were lyophilised.

C. Synthesis of L74 (FIG. 2F):

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added. The suspension was stirred for 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        Fmoc-isonipecotic acid (0.42 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2        mmol), DIC (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the        resin, the mixture was shaken for 3 h at room temperature, the        solution was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        The resin was shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10        min, the solution was emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7        mL) was added and the mixture was shaken for 20 min. The        solution was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        Fmoc-glycine (0.36 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC        (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the        mixture was shaken for 3 h at room temperature, the solution was        emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was        then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the        solution was emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added and the mixture shaken for 20 minutes. The solution was        emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (0.79 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), DIEA        (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin. The        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂        (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a flask with        Reagent B (25 mL) for 4 h. The resin was filtered and the        solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oily        crude that was triturated with Et₂O (5 mL). The precipitate was        collected by centrifugation and washed with Et₂O (5×5 mL), then        analysed by HPLC and purified by HPPLC. The fractions containing        the product were lyophilised to give L74 as a white fluffy solid        (18.0 mg; 0.012 mmol). Yield 8%.

Example III FIGS. 3A-E Synthesis of L67

Summary: Hydrolysis of (3β,5β)-3-amino-12-oxocholan-24-oic acid methylester A with NaOH gave the corresponding acid B, which was then reactedwith Fmoc-Glycine to give intermediate C. Rink amide resinfunctionalised with the octapeptide Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂(BBN[7-14] (SEQ ID NO: 1) was sequentially reacted with C, and DOTAtri-t-butyl ester. After cleavage and deprotection with Reagent B thecrude was purified by preparative HPLC to give L67. Overall yield: 5.2%.

A. Synthesis (3β,5β)-3-Amino-12-oxocholan-24-oic Acid, (B) (FIG. 3A)

-   -   A 1 M solution of NaOH (6.6 mL; 6.6 mmol) was added dropwise to        a solution of (3β,5β)-3-amino-12-oxocholan-24-oic acid methyl        ester A (2.1 g; 5.1 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) at 45° C. After 3 h        stirring at 45° C., the mixture was concentrated to 25 mL then        H₂O (25 mL) and 1 M HCl (8 mL) were added. The precipitated        solid was filtered, washed with H₂O (2×30 mL) and vacuum dried        to give B as a white solid (1.7 g; 4.4 mmol). Yield 88%.

B. Synthesis of(3β,5β)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-12-oxocholan-24-oicAcid (C) (FIG. 3A)

-   -   Tributylamine (0.7 mL; 3.1 mmol) was added dropwise to a        solution of N-α-Fmoc-glycine (0.9 g; 3.1 mmol) in THF (25 mL)        stirred at 0° C. Isobutyl chloroformate (0.4 mL; 3.1 mmol) was        subsequently added and, after 10 min, a suspension of        tributylamine (0.6 mL; 2.6 mmol) and        (3β,5β)-3-amino-12-oxocholan-24-oic acid B (1.0 g; 2.6 mmol) in        DMF (30 mL) was added dropwise, over 1 h, into the cooled        solution. The mixture was allowed to warm up and after 6 h the        solution was concentrated to 40 mL, then H₂O (50 mL) and 1 N HCl        (10 mL) were added (final pH: 1.5). The precipitated solid was        filtered, washed with H₂O (2×50 mL), vacuum dried and purified        by flash chromatography to give C as a white solid (1.1 g; 1.7        mmol). Yield 66%.

C. Synthesis of L67(N-[(3β,5β)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-14,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-12,24-dioxocholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-trytophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide)(FIG. 3B and FIG. 3E)

-   -   Resin D (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added. The suspension was stirred for 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        (3β,5β)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino]-12-oxocholan-24-oic        acid C (0.80 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19        mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The        resin was shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added and the mixture was shaken for 20 min. The solution was        emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (0.79 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), DIEA        (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin. The        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂        (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a flask with        Reagent B (25 mL) for 4.5 h. The resin was filtered and the        solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oily        crude that was triturated with Et₂O (20 mL).

Example IV FIGS. 4A-H Synthesis of L63 and L64

Summary: Hydrolysis of(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid methyl ester 1bwith NaOH gave the intermediate 2b, which was then reacted withFmoc-glycine to give 3b. Rink amide resin functionalised with theoctapeptide Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂ (BBN[7-14] (SEQ IDNO: 1) was reacted with 3b and then with DOTA tri-t-butyl ester. Aftercleavage and deprotection with Reagent B the crude was purified bypreparative HPLC to give L64. The same procedure was repeated startingfrom intermediate 2a, already available, to give L63. Overall yields: 9and 4%, respectively.

A. Synthesis of (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-Amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic Acid,(2b) (FIG. 4A)

-   -   A 1 M solution of NaOH (130 mL; 0.13 mol) was added dropwise to        a solution of (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic        acid methyl ester 1b (42.1 g; 0.10 mol) in MeOH (300 mL) heated        at 45° C. After 3 h stirring at 45° C., the mixture was        concentrated to 150 mL and H₂O (350 mL) was added. After        extraction with CH₂Cl₂ (2×100 mL) the aqueous solution was        concentrated to 200 mL and 1 M HCl (150 mL) was added. The        precipitated solid was filtered, washed with H₂O (2×100 mL) and        vacuum dried to give 2b as a white solid (34.8 g; 0.08 mol).        Yield 80%.

B. Synthesis of(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oicAcid, (3a) (FIG. 4A)

-   -   Tributylamine (4.8 mL; 20.2 mmol) was added dropwise to a        solution of N-α-Fmoc-glycine (6.0 g; 20.2 mmol) in THF (120 mL)        stirred at 0° C. Isobutyl chloroformate (2.6 mL; 20.2 mmol) was        subsequently added and, after 10 min, a suspension of        tributylamine (3.9 mL; 16.8 mmol) and        (3β,5β,12α)-3-amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid 2a (6.6 g; 16.8        mmol) in DMF (120 mL) was added dropwise, over 1 h, into the        cooled solution. The mixture was allowed to warm up and after 6        h the solution was concentrated to 150 mL, then H₂O (250 mL) and        1 N HCl (40 mL) were added (final pH: 1.5). The precipitated        solid was filtered, washed with H₂O (2×100 mL), vacuum dried and        purified by flash chromatography to give 3a as a white solid        (3.5 g; 5.2 mmol). Yield 31%.

C. Synthesis of(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicAcid, (3b) (FIG. 4A)

-   -   Tributylamine (3.2 mL; 13.5 mmol) was added dropwise to a        solution of N-α-Fmoc-glycine (4.0 g; 13.5 mmol) in THF (80 mL)        stirred at 0° C. Isobutyl chloroformate (1.7 mL; 13.5 mmol) was        subsequently added and, after 10 min, a suspension of        tributylamine (2.6 mL; 11.2 mmol) and        (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid 3a (4.5        g; 11.2 mmol) in DMF (80 mL) was added dropwise, over 1 h, into        the cooled solution. The mixture was allowed to warm up and        after 6 h the solution was concentrated to 120 mL, then H₂O (180        mL) and 1 N HCl (30 mL) were added (final pH: 1.5). The        precipitated solid was filtered, washed with H₂O (2×100 mL),        vacuum dried and purified by flash chromatography to give 3a as        a white solid (1.9 g; 2.8 mmol). Yield 25%.    -   In an alternative method,        (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic        acid, (3b) can be prepared as follows:    -   N-Hydroxysuccinimide (1.70 g, 14.77 mmol) and DIC (1.87 g, 14.77        mmol) were added sequentially to a stirred solution of        Fmoc-Gly-OH (4.0 g, 13.45 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL); the        resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The        N,N′-diisopropylurea formed was removed by filtration and the        solid was washed with ether (20 mL). The volatiles were removed        and the solid Fmoc-Gly-succinimidyl ester formed was washed with        ether (3×20 mL). Fmoc-Gly-succinimidyl ester was then        redissolved in dry DMF (15 mL) and 3-aminodeoxycholic acid (5.21        g, 12.78 mmol) was added to the clear solution. The reaction        mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h, water (200 mL)        was added and the precipitated solid was filtered, washed with        water, dried and purified by silica gel chromatography (TLC        (silica): (R_(f): 0.50, silica gel, CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH, 9:1) (eluant:        CH₂Cl₂/CH₃OH (9:1)) to give        (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic        acid as a colorless solid. Yield: 7.46 g (85%).

D. Synthesis of L63(N-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-12-hydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide)(FIG. 4B)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added. The suspension was stirred for 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        (3β,5β,12α)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oic        acid 3a (0.82 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19        mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The        resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10        min, the solution was emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7        mL) was added and the mixture was shaken for 20 min. The        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (0.79 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), DIEA        (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin. The        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7        mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a flask with        Reagent B (25 mL) for 4 h. The resin was filtered and the        solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oily        crude that after treatment with Et₂O (5 mL) gave a precipitate.        The precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed with        Et₂O (5×5 mL), then analysed and purified by HPLC. The fractions        containing the product were lyophilised to give L63 as a white        fluffy solid (12.8 mg; 0.0073 mmol). Yield 9%.

E. Synthesis of L64(N-[(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-7,12-dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide)(FIG. 4C)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added. The suspension was stirred for 20 min, the solution        was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL). (313,5        03,7α,12α)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic        acid 3b (0.81 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19        mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The        resin was shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added and the mixture was shaken for 20 min. The solution was        emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (0.79 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), DIEA        (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin. The        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7        mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a flask with        Reagent B (25 mL) for 4 h. The resin was filtered and the        solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oily        crude that was triturated with Et₂O (5 mL). The precipitate was        collected by centrifugation and washed with Et₂O (5×5 mL). Then        it was dissolved in H₂O (20 mL), and Na₂CO₃ (0.10 g; 0.70 mmol)        was added; the resulting mixture was stirred 4 h at room        temperature. This solution was purified by HPLC, the fractions        containing the product lyophilised to give L64 as a white fluffy        solid (3.6 mg; 0.0021 mmol). Yield 4%.

Example V FIGS. 5A-E Synthesis of L71 and L72

Summary: The products were obtained in two steps. The first step was thesolid phase synthesis of the octapeptideGln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂ (BBN[7-14] (SEQ ID NO:1) (withappropriate side chain protecting groups) on the Rink amide resindiscussed supra. The second step was the coupling with different linkersfollowed by functionalization with DOTA tri-t-butyl ester. Aftercleavage and deprotection with Reagent B the final products werepurified by preparative HPLC. Overall yields 3-9%.

A. Bombesin [7-14] Functionalisation and Cleavage Procedure (FIGS. 5Aand 5D)

-   -   The resin B (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase        peptide synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for        10 min, the solution was emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA        (7 mL) was added. The suspension was stirred for 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        The Fmoc-linker-OH (1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC        (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin. The        mixture was shaken for 3 h at room temperature, the solution was        emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was        then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the        solution was emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added and the mixture was shaken for 20 min. The solution was        emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl C (0.79 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), DIEA        (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin. The        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature. The solution        was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7        mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a flask with        Reagent B (25 mL) for 4 h. The resin was filtered and the        filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oily        crude that was triturated with ether (5 mL). The precipitate was        collected by centrifugation and washed with ether (5×5 mL), then        analyzed by analytical HPLC and purified by preparative HPLC.        The fractions containing the product were lyophilized.

B. Products

-   -   1. L71        (4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]benzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide)        -   The product was obtained as a white fluffy solid (7.3 mg;            0.005 mmol). Yield 7.5%.    -   2. L72        (Trans-4-[[[[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]cyclohexylcarbonyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycil-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide)        -   The product was obtained as a white fluffy solid (7.0 mg;            0.005 mmol). Yield 4.8%.

C.Trans-4-[[[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]cyclohexanecarboxylicacid, (D) (FIG. 5E)

-   -   A solution of N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide (4.4        g; 14.0 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (40 mL) was added dropwise to a        solution of trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (2.0        g; 12.7 mmol) in 10% Na₂CO₃ (30 mL) cooled to 0° C. The mixture        was then allowed to warm to ambient temperature and after 1 h        stirring at room temperature was treated with 1 N HCl (32 mL)        until the final pH was 2. The resulting solution was extracted        with n-BuOH (100 mL); the volatiles were removed and the crude        residue was purified by flash chromatography to give D as a        white solid (1.6 g; 4.2 mmol). Yield 33%.

Example VI FIGS. 6A-F Synthesis of L75 and L76

Summary: The two products were obtained by coupling of the octapeptideGln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂ (BBN[7-14], which is SEQ ID NO: 1)(A) on the Rink amide resin with the two linkers E and H, followed byfunctionalization with DOTA tri-t-butyl ester. After cleavage anddeprotection with Reagent B the final products were purified bypreparative HPLC. Overall yields: 8.5% (L75) and 5.6% (L76).

A. 2-[(1,3-Dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]benzoic Acid, (C)(FIG. 6A)

-   -   The product was synthesized following the procedure reported in        the literature (Bornstein, J; Drummon, P. E.; Bedell, S. F. Org.        Synth. Coll. Vol. IV 1963, 810-812).

B. 2-(Aminomethyl)benzoic Acids (D) (FIG. 6A)

-   -   A 40% solution of methylamine (6.14 mL; 7.1 mmol) was added to        2-[(1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]benzoic acid C        (2 g; 7.1 mmol) and then EtOH (30 mL) was added. After 5 minutes        stirring at room temperature the reaction mixture was heated at        50° C. After 2.5 h, the mixture was cooled and the solvent was        evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was        suspended in 50 mL of absolute ethanol and the suspension was        stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The solid was filtered and        washed with EtOH to afford 2-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid D (0.87        g; 5.8 mmol). Yield 81%.

C. 2-[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]benzoic acid, (E)(FIG. 6A)

-   -   The product was synthesized following the procedure reported in        the literature (Sun, J-H.; Deneker, W. F. Synth. Commun. 1998,        28, 4525-4530).

D. 4-(Aminomethyl)-3-nitrobenzoic Acid, (G) (FIG. 6B)

-   -   4-(Bromomethyl)-3-nitrobenzoic acid (3.2 g; 12.3 mmol) was        dissolved in 8% NH₃ in EtOH (300 mL) and the resulting solution        was stirred at room temperature. After 22 h the solution was        evaporated and the residue suspended in H₂O (70 mL). The        suspension was stirred for 15 min and filtered. The collected        solid was suspended in H₂O (40 mL) and dissolved by the addition        of few drops of 25% aq. NH₄OH (pH 12), then the pH of the        solution was adjusted to 6 by addition of 6 N HCl. The        precipitated solid was filtered, and washed sequentially with        MeOH (3×5 mL), and Et₂O (10 mL) and was vacuum dried (1.3 kPa;        P₂O₅) to give 4-(aminomethyl)-3-nitrobenzoic acid as a pale        brown solid (1.65 g; 8.4 mmol). Yield 68%.

E. 4-[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]-3-nitrobenzoicAcid, (H) (FIG. 6B)

-   -   4-(Aminomethyl)-3-nitrobenzoic acid G (0.8 g; 4 mmol) was        dissolved in 10% aq. Na₂CO₃ (25 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) and        the solution was cooled to 0° C. A solution of 9-fluorenylmethyl        chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl) (1.06 g; 4 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL)        was added dropwise for 20 min. After 2 h at 0-5° C. and 1 h at        10° C. the reaction mixture was filtered and the solution was        acidified to pH 5 by addition of 1 N HCl. The precipitate was        filtered, washed with H₂O (2×2 mL) dried under vacuum (1.3 kPa;        P₂O₅) to give        4-[[[9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]-3-nitrobenzoic        acid as a white solid (1.6 g; 3.7 mmol). Yield 92%.

F. L75(N-[2-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide)(FIG. 6C)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added. The suspension was stirred for 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        2-[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]benzoic acid,        E (0.45 g; 1.2 mmol), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) (0.18 g; 1.2        mmol), N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol)        and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the mixture shaken for        24 h at room temperature, the solution was emptied and the resin        was washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with 50%        morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution was emptied,        fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture        shaken for 20 min. The solution was emptied and the resin washed        with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (DOTA tri-t-butyl        ester) (0.79 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19        mL: 1.2 mmol), DIEA (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were        added to the resin. The mixture was shaken for 24 h at room        temperature, the solution was emptied and the resin was washed        with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The resin        was shaken in a flask with Reagent B (25 mL) for 4.5 h. The        resin was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced        pressure to afford an oily crude that after treatment with Et₂O        (20 mL) gave a precipitate. The resulting precipitate was        collected by centrifugation and was washed with Et₂O (3×20 mL)        to give L75 (190 mg; 0.13 mmol) as a white solid. Yield 44%.

G. L76(N-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]-3-nitrobenzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide)(FIG. 6D)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added. The suspension was stirred for 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        4-[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]-3-nitrobenzoic        acid, H (0.50 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19        mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The        resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10        min, the solution was emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7        mL) was added and the mixture was shaken for 20 min. The        solution was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        DOTA tri-t-butyl ester (0.79 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2        mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), DIEA (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA        (7 mL) were added to the resin. The mixture was shaken for 24 h        at room temperature, the solution was emptied and the resin was        washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The        resin was shaken in a flask with Reagent B (25 mL) for 4.5 h.        The resin was filtered and the solution was evaporated under        reduced pressure to afford an oily crude that was triturated        with Et₂O (20 mL). The precipitate was collected by        centrifugation and was washed with Et₂O (3×20 mL) to give a        solid (141 mg) which was analysed by HPLC. A 37 mg portion of        the crude was purified by preparative HPLC. The fractions        containing the product were lyophilised to give L76 (10.8 mg;        7.2×10⁻³ mmol) as a white solid. Yield 9%.

Example VII FIGS. 7A-C Synthesis of L124

Summary: 4-Cyanophenol A was reacted with ethyl bromoacetate and K₂CO₃in acetone to give the intermediate B, which was hydrolysed with NaOH tothe corresponding acid C. Successive hydrogenation of C with H₂ and PtO₂at 355 kPa in EtOH/CHCl₃ gave the corresponding amino acid D, which wasdirectly protected with FmocOSu to give E. Rink amide resinfunctionalised with the octapeptide Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂(BBN[7-14], which is SEQ ID NO: 1) was reacted with E and then with DOTAtri-t-butyl ester. After cleavage and deprotection with Reagent B thecrude was purified by preparative HPLC to give L124. Overall yield: 1.3%

A. Synthesis of (4-Cyanophenoxy)acetic Acid Ethyl Ester, (B) (FIG. 7A)

-   -   The product was synthesized following the procedure reported in        the literature (Archimbault, P.; LeClerc, G.; Strosberg, A. D.;        Pietri-Rouxel, F. PCT Int. Appl. WO 980005, 1998).

B. Synthesis of (4-Cyanophenoxy)acetic Acid, (C) (FIG. 7A)

-   -   A 1 N solution of NaOH (7.6 mL; 7.6 mmol) was added dropwise to        a solution of (4-cyanophenoxy)acetic acid ethyl ester B (1.55 g;        7.6 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL). After 1 h the solution was acidified        with 1 N HCl (7.6 mL; 7.6 mmol) and evaporated. The residue was        taken up with water (20 mL) and extracted with CHCl₃ (2×30 mL).        The organic phases were evaporated and the crude was purified by        flash chromatography to give (4-cyanophenoxy)acetic acid C (0.97        g; 5.5 mmol) as a white solid. Yield 72%.

C. Synthesis of[4-[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]phenoxy]acetic Acid,(E) (FIG. 7A)

-   -   PtO₂ (150 mg) was added to a solution of (4-cyanophenoxy)acetic        acid C (1.05 g; 5.9 mmol) in EtOH (147 mL) and CHCl₃ (3 mL). The        suspension was stirred 30 h under a hydrogen atmosphere (355        kPa; 20° C.). The mixture was filtered through a Celite® pad and        the solution evaporated under vacuum. The residue was purified        by flash chromatography to give acid D (0.7 g) which was        dissolved in H₂O (10 mL), MeCN (2 mL) and Et₃N (0.6 mL) at 0°        C., then a solution of        N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide (1.3 g; 3.9 mmol)        in MeCN (22 mL) was added dropwise. After stirring 16 h at room        temperature the reaction mixture was filtered and the volatiles        were removed under vacuum. The residue was treated with 1 N HCl        (10 mL) and the precipitated solid was filtered and purified by        flash chromatography to give        [4-[[[9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]phenoxy]acetic        acid E (0.56 g; 1.4 mmol) as a white solid. Overall yield 24%.

D. Synthesis of L124(N-[[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]phenoxy]acetyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide)(FIG. 7B)

-   -   Resin A (480 mg; 0.29 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added. The suspension was stirred for 20 min, the solution        was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        [4-[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]phenoxy]acetic        acid E (480 mg; 1.19 mmol), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) (182        mg; 1.19 mmol), N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) (185 μL; 1.19        mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the mixture was        shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution was emptied        and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then        shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (6 mL) for 10 min, the        solution was emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (6 mL) was        added and the mixture was shaken for 20 min. The solution was        emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (750 mg; 1.19        mmol), HOBt (182 mg; 1.19 mmol), DIEA (404 μL; 2.36 mmol), DIC        (185 μL; 1.19 mmol) and DMA (6 mL) were added to the resin. The        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied, the resin was washed with DMA (2×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7        mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a flask with        Reagent B (25 mL) for 4 h. The resin was filtered and the        filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oily        crude that was triturated with Et₂O (5 mL). The precipitate was        collected by centrifugation and washed with Et₂O (5×5 mL) to        give a solid (148 mg) which was analysed by HPLC. A 65 mg        portion of the crude was purified by preparative HPLC. The        fractions containing the product were lyophilised to give L124        (FIG. 7C) as a white solid (15 mg; 0.01 mmol). Yield 7.9%.

Example VIII FIGS. 8A-C Synthesis of L125

Summary: 4-(Bromomethyl)-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester A wasreacted with NaN₃ in DMF to give the intermediate azide B, which wasthen reduced with Ph₃P and H₂O to amine C. Hydrolysis of C with NaOHgave acid D, which was directly protected with FmocOSu to give E. Rinkamide resin functionalised with the octapeptideGln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂ (BBN[7-14], which is SEQ ID NO: 1)(A) was reacted with E and then with DOTA tri-t-butyl ester. Aftercleavage and deprotection with Reagent B the crude was purified bypreparative HPLC to give L125. Overall yield: 0.2%.

A. Synthesis of 4-(Azidomethyl)-3-methoxybenzoic Acid Methyl Ester, (B)(FIG. 8A)

-   -   A solution of 4-(bromomethyl)-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester        (8 g; 31 mmol) and NaN₃(2 g; 31 mmol) in DMF (90 mL) was stirred        overnight at room temperature. The volatiles were removed under        vacuum and the crude product was dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL). The        solution was washed with water (2×50 mL) and dried. The        volatiles were evaporated to provide        4-(azidomethyl)-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester (6.68 g; 30        mmol). Yield 97%.

B. 4-(Aminomethyl)-3-methoxybenzoic Acid Methyl Ester, (C) (FIG. 8A)

-   -   Triphenylphosphine (6.06 g; 23 mmol) was added to a solution of        (4-azidomethyl)-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester B (5 g; 22        mmol) in THF (50 mL): hydrogen evolution and formation of a        white solid was observed. The mixture was stirred under nitrogen        at room temperature. After 24 h more triphenylphosphine (0.6 g;        2.3 mmol) was added. After 24 h the azide was consumed and H₂O        (10 mL) was added. After 4 h the white solid disappeared. The        mixture was heated at 45° C. for 3 h and was stirred overnight        at room temperature. The solution was evaporated to dryness and        the crude was purified by flash chromatography to give        4-(aminomethyl)-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester C (1.2 g; 6.1        mmol). Yield 28%.

C. 4-[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]-3-methoxybenzoicAcid, (E) (FIG. 8A)

-   -   A 1 N solution of NaOH (6.15 mL; 6.14 mmol) was added dropwise        to a solution of 4-(aminomethyl)-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl        ester C (1.2 g; 6.14 mmol) in MeOH (25 mL) heated at 40° C.        After stirring 8 h at 45° C. the solution was stirred over night        at room temperature. A 1 N solution of NaOH (0.6 mL; 0.6 mmol)        was added and the mixture heated at 40° C. for 4 h. The solution        was concentrated, acidified with 1 N HCl (8 mL; 8 mmol),        extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL) then the aqueous layer was        concentrated to 15 mL. This solution (pH 4.5) was cooled at        0° C. and Et₃N (936 μL; 6.75 mmol) was added (pH 11). A solution        of N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide (3.04 g; 9 mmol)        in MeCN (30 mL) was added dropwise (final pH 9) and a white        solid precipitated. After stirring 1 h at room temperature the        solid was filtered, suspended in 1N HCl (15 mL) and the        suspension was stirred for 30 min. The solid was filtered to        provide        4-[[[9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]-3-methoxybenzoic        acid E as a white solid (275 mg; 0.7 mmol).

The filtrate was evaporated under vacuum and the resulting white residuewas suspended in 1N HCl (20 mL) and stirred for 30 minutes. The solidwas filtered and purified by flash chromatography to give more acid E(198 mg; 0.5 mmol). Overall yield 20%.

D. L125(N-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]methyl]-3-methoxybenzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide)(FIG. 8B)

-   -   Resin A (410 mg; 0.24 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution was emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added. The suspension was stirred for 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        4-[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]methyl]-3-methoxybenzoic        acid E (398 mg; 0.98 mmol), HOBt (151 mg; 0.98 mmol), DIC (154        μL; 0.98 mmol) and DMA (6 mL) were added to the resin; the        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The        resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (6 mL) for 10        min, the solution was emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (6        mL) was added and the mixture was shaken for 20 min. The        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (618 mg; 0.98        mmol), HOBt (151 mg; 0.98 mmol), DIC (154 μL; 0.98 mmol), DIEA        (333 μL; 1.96 mmol) and DMA (6 mL) were added to the resin. The        mixture was shaken for 24 h at room temperature, the solution        was emptied and the resin was washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂        (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a flask with        Reagent B (25 mL) for 4 h. The resin was filtered and the        solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oily        crude that was triturated with Et₂O (5 mL). The resulting        precipitate was collected by centrifugation, was washed with        Et₂O (5×5 mL), was analysed by HPLC and purified by preparative        HPLC. The fractions containing the product were lyophilised to        give L125 (FIG. 8C) as a white solid (15.8 mg; 0.011 mmol).        Yield 4.4%.

Example IX FIGS. 9A-9D Synthesis of L146, L233, L234, and L235

Summary: The products were obtained in several steps starting from theoctapeptide Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂(BBN[7-14]) (A) on theRink amide resin. After final cleavage and deprotection with Reagent Bthe crudes were purified by preparative HPLC to give L146, L233, L234and L235. Overall yields: 10%, 11%, 4.5%, 5.7% respectively.

A. 3-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]aminobenzoic Acid,B (FIG. 9A)

-   -   A solution of 3-aminobenzoic acid (0.5 g; 3.8 mmol) and        N-ethyldiisopropylamine (DIEA) (0.64 mL; 3.8 mmol) in THF (20        mL) was added dropwise to a solution of Fmoc-glycine chloride        (1.2 g; 4.0 mmol) (3) in THF (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL). After        24 h stirring at room temperature 1 M HCl (50 mL) was added        (final pH: 1.5). The precipitate was filtered, washed with H₂O        (2×100 mL), vacuum dried and crystallised from CHCl₃/CH₃OH (1:1)        to give B as a white solid (0.7 g; 1.6 mmol). Yield 43%.

B.N-[3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L233 (FIG. 9D)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added.    -   The suspension was stirred for another 20 min then the solution        was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        3-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]aminobenzoic        acid, B (0.50 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19        mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the        mixture shaken for 6 h at room temperature, emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with        50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution emptied,        fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture        shaken for another 20 min. The solution was emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). DOTA tri-t-butyl ester adduct        with NaCl² (0.79 g; 1.2 mmol) (5), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC        (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), DIEA (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL)        were added to the resin. The mixture was shaken for 24 h at room        temperature, emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL),        CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a        flask with Reagent B (25 mL) for 4.5 h. The resin was filtered        and the solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford        an oily crude that after treatment with Et₂O (20 mL) gave a        precipitate. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation and        washed with Et₂O (3×20 mL) to give a solid (152 mg) which was        analysed by HPLC. An amount of crude (50 mg) was purified by        preparative HPLC. The fractions containing the product were        lyophilised to give L233 (17.0 mg; 11.3×10⁻³ mmol) as a white        solid. Yield 11%.

C.N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]phenylacetyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L146 (FIG. 9D)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution filtered and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added. The suspension was stirred for another 20 min then the        solution was filtered and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        Fmoc-4-aminophenylacetic acid (0.45 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g;        1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to        the resin, the mixture shaken for 6 h at room temperature,        filtered and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was        then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the        solution filtered, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added        and the mixture shaken for another 20 min. The solution was        filtered and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). Fmoc-glycine        (0.36 g; 1.2 mmol), HATU (0.46 g; 1.2 mmol) and DIEA (0.40 mL;        2.4 mmol) were stirred for 15 min in DMA (7 mL) then the        solution was added to the resin, the mixture shaken for 2 h at        room temperature, filtered and the resin washed with DMA (5×7        mL). The resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        for 10 min, the solution filtered, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA        (7 mL) was added and the mixture shaken for another 20 min. The        solution was filtered and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        DOTA tri-t-butyl ester adduct with NaCl (0.79 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt        (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol), DIEA (0.40 mL; 2.4        mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin. The mixture was        shaken for 24 h at room temperature, filtered and the resin        washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The        resin was shaken in a flask with Reagent B (25 mL) for 4.5 h.        The resin was filtered and the solution was evaporated under        reduced pressure to afford an oily crude that after treatment        with Et₂O (20 mL) gave a precipitate. The precipitate was        collected by centrifugation and washed with Et₂O (3×20 mL) to        give a solid (203 mg) which was analysed by HPLC. An amount of        crude (50 mg) was purified by preparative HPLC. The fractions        containing the product were lyophilised to give L146 (11.2 mg;        7.4×10⁻³ mmol) as a white solid. Yield 10%.

D. 6-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]aminonaphthoicAcid, C (FIG. 9B)

-   -   A solution of 6-aminonaphthoic acid (500 mg; 2.41 mmol); and        DIEA (410 μL 2.41 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise to a        solution of Fmoc-glycine chloride (760 mg; 2.41 mmol) in        CH₂Cl₂/THF 1:1 (10 mL) and stirred at room temperature. After 24        h the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was taken        up with 0.5 N HCl (50 mL) and stirred for 1 h. The white solid        precipitated was filtered and dried. The white solid was        suspended in methanol (30 mL) and boiled for 5 min, then was        filtered to give product C (690 mg; 1.48 mmol). Yield 62%.

E.N-[6-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]naphthoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L234

Resin A (500 mg; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide synthesisvessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solutionemptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added. The suspensionwas stirred for another 20 min then the solution was emptied and theresin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).6-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]aminonaphthoic acid C(560 mg; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (184 mg; 1.2 mmol), DIC (187 μL; 1.2 mmol) andDMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the mixture shaken for 6 h at roomtemperature, emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resinwas then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (6 L) for 10 min, thesolution emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and themixture shaken for another 20 min. The solution was emptied and theresin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). DOTA tri-t-butyl ester adduct with NaCl(757 mg; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (184 mg; 1.2 mmol), DIC (187 μL; 1.2 mmol), andDIEA (537 μL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin. Themixture was shaken in a flask, emptied and the resin washed with DMA(2×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in aflask with Reagent B (25 mL) for 4.5 h. The resin was filtrated and thesolution was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oil crudethat after treatment with Et₂O (20 mL) gave a precipitate. Theprecipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed with Et₂O (3×20mL) to give a solid (144 mg) which was analysed by HPLC. An amount ofcrude (54 mg) was purified by preparative HPLC. The fractions containingthe product were lyophilised to give L234 (8 mg; 5.1×10⁻³ mmol) as awhite solid. Yield 4.5%.

F.4-[[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]methylamino]benzoicAcid, D (FIG. 9C)

-   -   A solution of 4-N-methylaminonaphthoic acid (500 mg; 3.3 mmol)        and DIEA (562 μL 3.3 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added to a        solution of Fmoc-glycine chloride (1.04 g; 3.3 mmol) in        CH₂Cl₂/THF 1:1 (10 mL) and stirred at room temperature. After 24        h the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was taken        up with 0.5 N HCl (30 mL) and was stirred for 3 h at 0° C. The        white solid precipitated was filtered and dried. The crude was        purified by flash chromatography to give Compound D (350 mg;        0.81 mmol). Yield 25%.

G.N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]methylamino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L235 (FIG. 9D)

-   -   Resin A (500 mg; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added. The suspension was stirred for another 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        4-[[[[9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]-N-methyl]amino-benzoic        acid D (510 mg; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (184 mg; 1.2 mmol), DIC (187 μL;        1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the mixture        shaken for 6 h at room temperature, emptied and the resin washed        with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine        in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution emptied, fresh 50%        morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture shaken for        another 20 min. The solution was emptied and the resin washed        with DMA (5×7 mL). DOTA tri-t-butyl ester adduct with NaCl (757        mg; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (184 mg; 1.2 mmol), DIC (187 μL; 1.2 mmol),        and DIEA (537 μL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the        resin. The mixture was shaken in a flask, emptied and the resin        washed with DMA (2×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The        resin was shaken in a flask with Reagent B (25 mL) for 4.5 h.        The resin was filtrated and the solution was evaporated under        reduced pressure to afford an oil crude that after treatment        with Et₂O (20 mL) gave a precipitate.

The precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed with Et₂O(3×20 mL) to give a solid (126 mg) which was analysed by HPLC. An amountof crude (53 mg) was purified by preparative HPLC. The fractionscontaining the product were lyophilised to give L235 (11 mg; 7.2×10⁻³mmol) as a white solid. Yield 5.7%.

Example X FIGS. 10A-B Synthesis of L237

Summary: 1-Formyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (A) was selectivelyprotected with benzyl chloroformate at pH 3 to give B, which wasalkylated with t-butyl bromoacetate and deformylated with hydroxylaminehydrochloride to give D. Reaction with P(OtBu)₃ and paraformaldehydegave E, which was deprotected by hydrogenation and alkylated with benzylbromoacetate to give G, which was finally hydrogenated to H. Rink amideresin functionalized with the octapeptideGln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂ (BBN[7-14]) (A) was sequentiallyreacted with Fmoc-4-aminobenzoic acid, Fmoc-glycine and H. Aftercleavage and deprotection with Reagent B the crude was purified bypreparative HPLC to give L237. Overall yield 0.21%.

A. 7-Formyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-carboxylic Acidphenylmethyl Ester dihydrochloride, B (FIG. 10A)

-   -   1-Formyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane A (14 g; 69.9 mmol) was        dissolved in H₂O (100 mL) and 12 N HCl (11 mL) was added until        pH 3 then 1,4-dioxane (220 mL) was added. A solution of benzyl        chloroformate (13.8 g; 77 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (15 mL) was        slowly added dropwise in 3.5 h, constantly maintaining the        reaction mixture at pH 3 by continuous addition of 2 N NaOH        (68.4 mL) with a pHstat apparatus. At the end of the addition        the reaction was stirred for 1 h then washed with n-hexane        (4×100 mL) and ^(i)Pr₂O (4×100 mL). The aqueous phase was        brought to pH 13 by addition of 10 N NaOH (6.1 mL) and extracted        with CHCl₃ (4×100 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine        (100 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. The oily        residue was dissolved in acetone (200 mL) and 6 N HCl (26 mL)        was added. The solid precipitated was filtered, washed with        acetone (2×50 mL) and dried under vacuum to give compound B        (23.6 g; 58 mmol) as a white crystalline solid. Yield 83%.

B. 4-(Phenylmethoxy)carbonyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diaceticAcid bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) Ester, D (FIG. 10A)

-   -   A solution of B (14.4 g; 35.3 mmol) in H₂O (450 mL) and 1 N NaOH        (74 mL; 74 mmol) was stirred for 20 min then extracted with        CHCl₃ (4×200 mL). The organic layer was evaporated to obtain an        oily residue (12.3 g) which was dissolved in CH₃CN (180 mL) and        N-ethyldiisopropylamine (DIEA) (15 mL; 88.25 mmol). A solution        of t-butyl bromoacetate (16.8 g; 86.1 mmol) in CH₃CN (15 mL) was        added dropwise to the previous solution in 2.5 h. After 20 h at        room temperature the solvent was evaporated and the oily residue        was dissolved in CHCl₃ (150 mL) and washed with H₂O (5×100 mL).        The organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated to        dryness to give C as a yellow oil. Crude C (22 g) was dissolved        in EtOH (250 mL), NH₂OH.HCl (2.93 g; 42.2 mmol) was added and        the solution heated to reflux. After 48 h the solvent was        evaporated and the residue dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (250 mL), washed        with H₂O (3×250 mL) then with brine (3×250 mL). The organic        layer was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. The oily        residue (18.85 g) was purified by flash chromatography. The        fractions containing the product were collected and evaporated        to obtain a glassy white solid (17.62 g) which was dissolved in        H₂O (600 mL) and 1 N NaOH (90 mL; 90 mmol) and extracted with        CHCl₃ (3×250 ml). The organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄) and        evaporated to dryness to give D (16.6 g; 31 mmol) as an oil.        Yield 88%.

C.4-(Phenylmethoxy)carbonyl-10-[[bis(1,1-dimethylethoxy)phosphinyl]methyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diaceticAcid bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) Ester, E (FIG. 10A)

-   -   A mixture of Compound D (13.87 g; 26 mmol), P(OtBu)₃ (7.6 g;        28.6 mmol) (10) and paraformaldeyde (0.9 g; 30 mmol) was heated        at 60° C. After 16 h more P(OtBu)₃ (1 g; 3.76 mmol) and        paraformaldeyde (0.1 g; 3.33 mmol) were added. The reaction was        heated at 60° C. for another 20 h then at 80° C. for 8 h under        vacuum to eliminate the volatile impurities. The crude was        purified by flash chromatography to give E (9.33 g; 8 mmol) as        an oil. Yield 31%.

D.7-[[Bis(1,1-dimethylethoxy)phosphinyl]methyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,10-triaceticAcid 1-phenylmethyl 4,10-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) Ester, G (FIG. 10A)

-   -   To the solution of E (6.5 g; 5.53 mmol) in CH₃OH (160 mL) 5%        Pd/C (1 g; 0.52 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred        under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature. After 4 h        (consumed H₂ 165 mL; 6.7 mmol) the mixture was filtered through        a Millipore® filter (FT 0.45 μm) and the solution evaporated        under reduced pressure. The crude (5.9 g) was purified by flash        chromatography to give F (4.2 g) as an oil. Benzyl bromoacetate        (1.9 g; 8.3 mmol) dissolved in CH₃CN (8 mL) was added dropwise        in 1 h to a solution of F (4.2 g) in CH₃CN (40 mL) and DIEA (1.5        mL; 8.72 mmol). After 36 h at room temperature the solvent was        evaporated and the residue (5.76 g) dissolved in CHCl₃ (100 mL),        washed with H₂O (2×100 mL) then with brine (2×70 mL). The        organic layer was dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. The        crude (5.5 g) was purified twice by flash chromatography, the        fractions were collected and evaporated to dryness to afford G        (1.12 g; 1.48 mmol) as an oil. Yield 27%.

E.7-[[Bis(1,1-dimethylethoxy)phosphinyl]methyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,10-triaceticAcid 4,10-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) Ester, H (FIG. 10A)

-   -   5% Pd/C (0.2 g; 0.087 mmol) was added to a solution of G (1.12        g; 1.48 mmol) in CH₃OH (27 mL) and the mixture was stirred under        hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature. After 2 h (consumed H₂        35 mL; 1.43 mmol) the mixture was filtered through a Millipore®        filter (FT 0.45 μm) and the solution evaporated to dryness to        give H (0.94 g; 1.41 mmol) as a pale yellow oil. Yield 97%.

F.N-[4-[[[[[4,10-Bis(carboxymethyl)-7-(dihydroxyphosphinyl)methyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucil-L-methioninamide,L237 (FIG. 10B)

-   -   Resin A (330 mg; 0.20 mmol) (17) was shaken in a solid phase        peptide synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (5 mL) for        10 min, the solution emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (5        mL) was added. The suspension was stirred for another 20 min        then the solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×5        mL). Fmoc-4-aminobenzoic acid (290 mg; 0.80 mmol), HOBt (120 mg;        0.80 mmol), DIC (130 μL; 0.80 mmol) and DMA (5 mL) were added to        the resin, the mixture shaken for 3 h at room temperature,        emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×5 mL). The resin was        then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (5 mL) for 10 min, the        solution emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (5 mL) was added        and the mixture shaken for another 20 min. The solution was        emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×5 mL). Fmoc-glycine        (240 mg; 0.8 mmol), HATU (310 mg; 0.8 mmol) and DIEA (260 μL;        1.6 mmol) were stirred for 15 min in DMA (5 mL) then the        solution was added to the resin, the mixture shaken for 2 h at        room temperature, emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×5        mL). The resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (5 mL)        for 10 min, the solution emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (5        mL) was added and the mixture shaken for another 20 min. The        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×5 mL). H        (532 mg; 0.80 mmol), HOBt (120 mg; 0.80 mmol), DIC (130 μL; 0.80        mmol), and DIEA (260 μL; 1.6 mmol) and DMA (5 mL) were added to        the resin. The mixture was shaken in a flask for 40 h at room        temperature, emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×5 mL),        CH₂Cl₂ (5×5 mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a        flask with Reagent B (25 mL) for 4 h. The resin was filtered and        the solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an        oily crude that after treatment with Et₂O (20 mL) gave a        precipitate. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation and        washed with Et₂O (3×20 mL) to give a solid (90 mg) which was        analysed by HPLC. An amount of crude (50 mg) was purified by        preparative HPLC. The fractions containing the product were        lyophilised to give L237 (6 mg; 3.9×10⁻³ mmol) as a white solid.        Yield 3.5%.

Example XI FIGS. 11A-B Synthesis of L238 and L239

Summary: The products were obtained in several steps starting from theoctapeptide Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂ (BBN[7-14]) (A) on theRink amide resin. After cleavage and deprotection with Reagent B thecrude was purified by preparative HPLC to give L238 and L239. Overallyields: 14 and 9%, respectively.

A.N,N-Dimethylglycyl-L-seryl-[S-[(acetylamino)methyl]]-L-cysteinyl-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L238 (FIG. 11A)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added. The suspension was stirred for another 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        Fmoc-4-aminobenzoic acid (0.43 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2        mmol), DIC (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the        resin, the mixture shaken for 3 h at room temperature, emptied        and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then        shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the        solution emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added        and the mixture shaken for another 20 min. The solution was        emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). Fmoc-glycine        (0.36 g; 1.2 mmol), HATU (0.46 g; 1.2 mmol) and        N-ethyldiisopropylamine (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) were stirred for 15        min in DMA (7 mL) then the solution was added to the resin, the        mixture shaken for 2 h at room temperature, emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with        50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution emptied,        fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture        shaken for another 20 min. The solution was emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        N-α-Fmoc-5-acetamidomethyl-L-cysteine (0.50 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt        (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were        added to the resin, the mixture shaken for 3 h at room        temperature, emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The        resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10        min, the solution emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added and the mixture shaken for another 20 min. The        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        N-α-Fmoc-O-t-butyl-L-serine (0.46 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g;        1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), and DMA (7 mL) were added to        the resin, the mixture was shaken for 3 h at room temperature,        emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was        then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the        solution emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added        and the mixture shaken for another 20 min.    -   The solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        N,N-Dimethylglycine (0.12 g; 1.2 mmol), HATU (0.46 g; 1.2 mmol)        and N-ethyldiisopropylamine (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) were stirred for        15 min in DMA (7 mL) then the solution was added to the resin.        The mixture was shaken for 2 h at room temperature, emptied and        the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and vacuum        dried. The resin was shaken in a flask with Reagent B (25 mL)        for 4.5 h. The resin was filtered and the solution was        evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oily crude that        after treatment with Et₂O (20 mL) gave a precipitate. The        precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed with Et₂O        (3×20 mL) to give a solid (169 mg) which was analysed by HPLC.        An amount of crude (60 mg) was purified by preparative HPLC. The        fractions containing the product were lyophilised to give L238        (22.0 mg; 0.015 mmol) as a white solid. Yield 14%.

B.N,N-Dimethylglycyl-L-seryl-[S-[(acetylamino)methyl]]-L-cysteinyl-glycyl-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L239 (FIG. 11B)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added. The suspension was stirred for another 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic        acid B (0.82 g; 1.2 mmol) (7), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC        (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the        mixture shaken for 24 h at room temperature, emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with        50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution emptied,        fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture        shaken for another 20 min. The solution was emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        N-α-Fmoc-5-acetamidomethyl-L-cysteine (0.50 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt        (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were        added to the resin, the mixture was shaken for 3 h at room        temperature, emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The        resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10        min, the solution emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added and the mixture shaken for another 20 min. The        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        N-α-Fmoc-O-t-butyl-L-serine (0.46 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g;        1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), and DMA (7 mL) were added to        the resin, the mixture was shaken for 3 h at room temperature,        emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was        then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the        solution emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added        and the mixture shaken for another 20 min. The solution was        emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        N,N-Dimethylglycine (0.12 g; 1.2 mmol), HATU (0.46 g; 1.2 mmol)        and N-ethyldiisopropylamine (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) were stirred for        15 min in DMA (7 mL) then the solution was added to the resin.    -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added. The suspension was stirred for another 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic        acid B (0.82 g; 1.2 mmol) HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL;        1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the mixture        shaken for 24 h at room temperature, emptied and the resin        washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with 50%        morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution emptied, fresh        50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture shaken        for another 20 min. The solution was emptied and the resin        washed with DMA (5×7 mL). N-α-Fmoc-5-acetamidomethyl-L-cysteine        (0.50 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL; 1.2        mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the mixture was        shaken for 3 h at room temperature, emptied and the resin washed        with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine        in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution emptied, fresh 50%        morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture shaken for        another 20 min. The solution was emptied and the resin washed        with DMA (5×7 mL). N-α-Fmoc-O-t-butyl-L-serine (0.46 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol), and DMA        (7 mL) were added to the resin, the mixture was shaken for 3 h        at room temperature, emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7        mL). The resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        for 10 min, the solution emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7        mL) was added and the mixture shaken for another 20 min. The        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        N,N-Dimethylglycine (0.12 g; 1.2 mmol), HATU (0.46 g; 1.2 mmol)        and N-ethyldiisopropylamine (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) were stirred for        15 min in DMA (7 mL) then the solution was added to the resin.

Example XII FIGS. 12A-F Synthesis of L240, L241, L242

Summary: The products were obtained in several steps starting from theoctapeptide Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂ (BBN[7-14]) (A) on theRink amide resin. After cleavage and deprotection with Reagent B thecrudes were purified by preparative HPLC to give L240, L241, and L242.Overall yields: 7.4, 3.2, 1.3% respectively.

A.4-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino-3-methoxybenzoicAcid A (FIG. 12A)

-   -   A solution of 4-amino-3-methoxybenzoic acid (1.0 g; 5.9 mmol);        and N-ethyldiisopropylamine (1.02 mL 5.9 mmol) in THF (20 mL)        was added dropwise to a solution of Fmoc-glycylchloride (1.88 g;        5.9 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂/THF 1:1 (20 mL) and stirred at room        temperature under N2. After 3 h the solvent was evaporated under        vacuum. The residue was taken up with 0.5 N HCl (50 mL), was        stirred for 1 h at 0° C. then filtered and dried. The white        solid was suspended in MeOH (30 mL) and stirred for 1 h, then        was filtered and suspended in a solution of CHCl₃/hexane 1:4 (75        mL). The suspension was filtered to give compound A as a with        solid (1.02 g; 2.28 mmol). Yield 39%.

B.N-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]glycyl]amino]-3-methoxybenzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-1-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL240

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added. The suspension was stirred for another 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        4-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino-3-methoxybenzoic        acid, A (0.50 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19        mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the        mixture shaken for 5 h at room temperature, emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with        50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution emptied,        fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture        shaken for another 20 min. The solution was emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (0.79 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol),        N-ethyldiisopropylamine (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were        added to the resin. The mixture was shaken for 24 h at room        temperature, emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL),        CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a        flask with Reagent B (25 mL) for 4.5 h. The resin was filtered        and the solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford        an oil crude that after treatment with Et₂O (20 mL) gave a        precipitate. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation and        washed with Et₂O (5×20 mL) to give a solid (152 mg) which was        analysed by HPLC. An amount of crude (52 mg) was purified by        preparative HPLC. The fractions containing the product were        lyophilised to give L240 (12.0 mg; 7.8×10⁻³ mmol) as a white        solid. Yield 7.4%.

C. 4-amino-3-chlorobenzoic Acid C (FIG. 12B)

-   -   1 N NaOH (111 mL; 11 mmol) was added to a solution of methyl        4-amino-3-chlorobenzoate (2 g; 10.8 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) at        45° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 h at 45° C. and        overnight at room temperature. More 1N NaOH was added (5 mL; 5        mmol) and the reaction was stirred at 45° C. for 2 h. After        concentration of solvent was added 1N HCl (16 ml). The solid        precipitate was filtered and dried to give        4-amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid, C, as a with solid (1.75 g; 10.2        mmol). Yield 94.6%.

D.4-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino-3-chlorobenzoicAcid, D (FIG. 12B)

-   -   A solution of 4-amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid (1.5 g; 8.75 mmol)        and N-ethyldiisopropylamine (1.46 mL 8.75 mmol) in THF (50 mL)        was added dropwise to a solution of Fmoc-glycylchloride (2.76 g;        8.75 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂/THF 1:1 (30 mL) and stirred at room        temperature under N₂. After 3 h the solvent was evaporated under        vacuum. The residue was taken up with 0.5N HCl (50 mL), filtered        and dried.    -   The white solid was suspended in MeOH (30 mL) and stirred for 1        h, then was filtered and dried to give        4-[[[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino-3-chlorobenzoic        acid (2.95 g; 6.5 mmol). Yield 75%.

E.N-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]glycyl]amino]3-chlorobenzoyl]L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-1-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L241 (FIG. 12E)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added. The suspension was stirred for another 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        4-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino-3-chlorobenzoic        acid, D (0.54 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19        mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the        mixture shaken for 5 h at room temperature, emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).    -   The resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for        10 min, the solution emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        was added and the mixture shaken for another 20 min. The        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (0.79 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol),        N-ethyldiisopropylamine (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were        added to the resin. The mixture was shaken for 40 h at room        temperature, emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL),        CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a        flask with Reagent B (25 mL) for 4.5 h. The resin was filtered        and the solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford        an oil crude that after treatment with Et₂O (20 mL) gave a        precipitate. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation and        washed with Et₂O (5×20 mL) to give a solid (151 mg) which was        analysed by HPLC. An amount of crude (56 mg) was purified by        preparative HPLC. The fractions containing the product were        lyophilised to give L241 (5.6 mg; 3.6×10⁻³ mmol) as a white        solid. Yield 3.2%.

F.4-[[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino-3-methylbenzoicAcid, E (FIG. 12C)

-   -   A solution of 4-amino-3-methylbenzoic acid (0.81 g; 5.35 mmol)        and N-ethyldiisopropylamine (0.9 mL 5.35 mmol) in THF (30 mL)        was added dropwise to a solution of Fmoc-glycylchloride (1.69 g;        5.35 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂/THF 1:1 (20 mL) and stirred at room        temperature under N2. After 3 h the solvent was evaporated under        vacuum. The residue was taken up with HCl 0.5 N (50 mL) and was        stirred for 3 h at 0° C. then was filtered and dried. The white        solid was suspended in MeOH (50 mL) and stirred for 1 h, then        filtered and dried to give Compound E (1.69 g; 3.9 mmol). Yield        73%.

G.N-[4-[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]glycyl]amino]3-methylbenzoyl]L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL242 (FIG. 12F)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added. The suspension was stirred for another 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        4-[[(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-3-methylbenzoic        acid, E (0.52 g; 1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19        mL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the        mixture shaken for 5 h at room temperature, emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with        50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution emptied,        fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture        shaken for another 20 min. The solution was emptied and the        resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid        tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (0.76 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol),        N-ethyldiisopropylamine (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were        added to the resin.    -   The mixture was shaken for 40 h at room temperature, emptied and        the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and vacuum        dried. The resin was shaken in a flask with Reagent B (25 mL)        for 4.5 h. The resin was filtered and the solution was        evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oil crude that        after treatment with Et₂O (20 mL) gave a precipitate. The        precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed with Et₂O        (5×20 mL) to give a solid (134 mg) which was analysed by HPLC.        An amount of crude (103 mg) was purified by preparative HPLC.        The fractions containing the product were lyophilised to give        L242 (4.5 mg; 2.9×10⁻³ mmol) as a white solid. Yield 1.3%.

Example XIII FIGS. 13A-C Synthesis of L244

Summary: The product was obtained in several steps starting from theoctapeptide Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂ (BBN[7-14]) on the Rinkamide resin (A). The final coupling step with DOTA tri-t-butyl ester wasdone in solution phase after cleavage and deprotection with Reagent B ofLinker-BBN [7-14]. The crude was purified by preparative HPLC to giveL244. Overall yield: 0.4%.

A. NN′-(Iminodi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide], A (FIG.13A)

-   -   Trifluoroacetic acid ethyl ester (50 g; 0.35 mol) was dropped        into a solution of diethylenetriamine (18 g; 0.175 mol) in THF        (180 mL) at 0° C. in 1 h. After 20 h at room temperature, the        mixture was evaporated to an oily residue (54 g). The oil was        crystallized from Et₂O (50 mL), filtered, washed with cooled        Et₂O (2×30 mL) and dried to obtain A as a white solid (46 g;        0.156 mol). Yield 89%.

B. 4-[N,N′-Bis[2-(trifluoroacetyl)aminoethyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic Acid,B (FIG. 13A)

-   -   Succinic anhydride (0.34 g; 3.4 mmol) was added in a solution of        A (1 g; 3.4 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at room temperature. After 28 h        the crude was concentrated to residue (1.59 g), washed with        EtOAc (2×10 mL) and 1 N HCl (2×15 mL). The organic layer was        dried on Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated to give an oily residue        (1.3 g) that was purified by flash chromatography (5) to afford        B as an oil (0.85 g; 2.15 mmol). Yield 63%.

C.4-[N,N′-Bis[2-[(9-H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]aminoethyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoicAcid, D (FIG. 13A)

-   -   Succinic anhydride (2 g; 20 mmol) was added in a solution of A        (5 g; 16.94 mmol) in THF (25 mL) at room temperature. After 28 h        the crude was concentrated to residue (7 g), washed in ethyl        acetate (100 mL) and in 1 N HCl (2×50 mL). The organic layer was        dried on Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated to give crude B as an        oily residue (6.53 g). 2 N NaOH (25 mL) was added to suspension        of crude B (5 g) in EtOH (35 mL) obtaining a complete solution        after 1 h at room temperature. After 20 h the solvent was        evaporated to obtain C as an oil (8.48 g). A solution of        9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (6.54 g, 25.3 mmol) in        1,4-dioxane (30 mL), was dropped in the solution of C in 10% aq.        Na₂CO₃ (30 mL) in 1 h at 0° C. After 20 h at r.t. a gelatinous        suspension was obtained and filtered to give a white solid        (3.5 g) and a yellow solution. The solution was evaporated and        the remaining aqueous solution was diluted in H₂O (150 mL) and        extracted with EtOAc (70 mL). Fresh EtOAc (200 mL) was added to        aqueous phase, obtaining a suspension which was cooled to 0° C.        and acidified to pH 2 with conc. HCl. The organic layer was        washed with H₂O (5×200 mL) until neutral pH, then dried to give        a glassy solid (6.16 g). The compound was suspended in boiling        n-Hexane (60 mL) for 1 h, filtered to give D as a white solid        (5.53 g, 8.54 mmol). Overall yield 50%.

D.N-[4-[[4-[Bis[2-[[[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]ethyl]amino-1,4-dioxobutyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L244 (FIG. 13B)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution emptied and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added. The suspension was stirred for another 20 min then the        solution was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        4-[N,N′-Bis[2-[(9-H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)        carbonyl]aminoethyl]amino]-4-oxo butanoic acid (777.3 mg; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (184 mg; 1.2 mmol), DIC (187 μL; 1.2 mmol) and DMA        (7 mL) were added to the resin, the mixture shaken for 40 h at        room temperature, emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7        mL). The resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL)        for 10 min, the solution emptied, fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7        mL) was added and the mixture shaken for 20 min. The solution        was emptied and the resin washed with DMA (2×7 mL) and with        CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) then it was shaken in a flask with Reagent B (25        mL) for 4.5 h. The resin was filtered and the solution was        evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oily crude that        after treatment with Et₂O (20 mL) gave a precipitate. The        precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed with Et₂O        (5×20 mL) to give F as a white solid (140 mg). DOTA tri-t-butyl        ester (112 mg; 0.178 mmol) HATU (70 mg; 0.178 mmol) and DIEA (60        μL; 0.356 mmol) were added to a solution of F (50 mg; 0.0445        mmol) in DMA (3 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) and stirred for 24 h at        room temperature. The crude was evaporated to reduced volume (1        mL) and shaken with Reagent B (25 mL) for 4.5 h. After        evaporation of the solvent, the residue was treated with Et₂O        (20 mL) to give a precipitate. The precipitate was collected by        centrifugation and washed with Et₂O (5×20 mL) to afford a beige        solid (132 mg) that was analyzed by HPLC. An amount of crude        (100 mg) was purified by preparative HPLC. The fractions        containing the product were lyophilized to give L244 (FIG. 13C)        (3.5 mg; 1.84×10⁻³ mmol) as a white solid. Yield 0.8%.

General Experimentals for Examples XIV-Example XLII L201-L228 A. ManualCouplings

-   -   6.0 equivalents of the appropriately protected amino acid was        treated with 6.0 equivalents each of HOBt and DIC and activated        outside the reaction vessel. This activated carboxylic acid in        NMP was then transferred to the resin containing the amine and        the reaction was carried out for 4-6 h and then the resin was        drained and washed.

B. Special coupling of Fmoc-Gly-OH to 4-aminobenzoic Acid andaminobiphenylcarboxylic Acid Amides

-   -   Fmoc-Gly-OH (10.0 equiv.) was treated with HATU (10.0 equiv.)        and DIEA (20.0 equiv.) in NMP (10 mL of NMP was used for one        gram of the amino acid by weight) and the solution was stirred        for 10-15 min at RT before transferring to the vessel containing        the amine loaded resin. The volume of the solution was made to        15.0 ml for every gram of the resin. The coupling was continued        for 20 h at RT and the resin was drained of all the reactants.        This procedure was repeated one more time and then washed with        NMP before moving on to the next step.

C. Preparation of D03A Monoamide

-   -   8.0 equivalents of DOTA mono acid was dissolved in NMP and        treated with 8.0 equivalents of HBTU and 16.0 equivalents of        DIEA. This solution was stirred for 15 min at RT and then        transferred to the amine on the resin and the coupling was        continued for 24 h at RT. The resin was then drained, washed and        then the peptide was cleaved and purified.

D. Cleavage of the Crude Peptides from the Resin and Purification

-   -   The resin was suspended in Reagent B (15.0 ml/g) and shaken for        4 h at RT. The resin was then drained and washed with 2×5 mL of        Reagent B again and combined with the previous filtrate. The        filtrate was then concentrated under reduced pressure to a        paste/liquid at RT and triturated with 25.0 mL of anhydrous        ether (for every gram of the resin used). The suspension was        then centrifuged and the ether layer was decanted. This        procedure was repeated two more times and the colorless        precipitate after ether wash was purified by preparative HPLC.

Example XIV FIG. 21 Synthesis of L201

0.5 g of the Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-M-Resin (0.4 mmol/g, 0.5 g,0.2 mmol) (Resin A) was used. The rest of the amino acid units wereadded as described in the general procedure to prepare (1R)-1-(Bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}amino)propane-3-carboxylicacid-1-carboxyl-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L201), Yield: 17.0 mg (5.4%)

Example XV FIGS. 22A and 22B Synthesis of L202 A.4-Fmoc-hydrazinobenzoic Acid (FIG. 22A)

-   -   A suspension of 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid (5.0 g, 32.9 mmol) in        water (100 ml) was treated with cesium carbonate (21.5 g, 66.0        mmol). Fmoc-Cl (9.1 g, 35.0 mmol) in THF (25 mL) was added        dropwise to the above solution with stirring over a period of        1 h. The solution was stirred for 4 h more after the addition        and the reaction mixture was concentrated to about 75 mL and        extracted with ether (2×100 mL). The ether layer was discarded        and the aqueous layer was acidified with 2N HCl. The separated        solid was filtered, washed with water (5×100 mL) and then        recrystallized from acetonitrile to yield the product        (compound B) as a colorless solid. Yield: 11.0 g (89%). ¹H NMR        (DMSO-d₆): δ 4.5 (m, 1H, Ar—CH ₂—CH), 4.45 (m, 2H, Ar—CH ₂), 6.6        (bs, 1H, Ar—H), 7.4-7.9 (m, 9, Ar—H and Ar—CH ₂), 8.3 (s, 2H,        Ar—H), 9.6 (s, 2H, Ar—H). M. S.—m/z 373.2 [M−H]    -   0.5 g of the Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-M-Resin (0.4        mmol/g, 0.5 g, 0.2 mmol) (Resin A) was used. The amino acid        units were added as described in the general procedure,        including Compound B to prepare        N-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-hydrazinobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide        (L202) (FIG. 22B), Yield: 25.0 mg (8.3%)

Example XVI FIGS. 23A and 23B Synthesis of L203 A. Preparation of4-Boc-aminobenzyl Benzoate Compound B (FIG. 23A)

-   -   A suspension of 4-boc-aminobenzoic acid (0.95 g, 4.0 mmol) in        dry acetonitrile (10.0 mL) was treated with powdered cesium        carbonate (1.3 g, 4.0 mmol) and stirred vigorously under        nitrogen. Benzyl bromide (0.75 g, 4.4 mmol) was added and the        reaction mixture was refluxed for 20 h under nitrogen. The        reaction mixture was then poured into ice cold water (200 mL)        and the solid separated was filtered and washed with water (5×50        mL). The crude material was then recrystallized from aqueous        methanol to yield the product as a colorless solid (Compound B).        Yield: 0.8 g (61%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.5 (s, 9H, Tertiary        methyls), 5.4 (s, 2H, Ar—CH ₂), 7.4 (m, 7H, Ar—H) and 8.0 (m,        2H, Ar—H). M. S.—m/z 326.1 [M+H].

B. 4-Aminobenzyl Benzoate Compound C (FIG. 23A)

-   -   4-Boc-aminobenzyl benzoate (0.8 g, 2.5 mmol) was dissolved in        DCM (20 mL) containing TFA (25% by volume) and stirred for 2 h        at RT. The reaction mixture was poured into 100.0 g of crushed        ice and neutralized with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution        until the pH reached about 8.5. The organic layer was separated        and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3×20 mL) and all        the organic layers were combined. The DCM layer was then washed        with 1×50 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate, water (2×50 mL)        and dried (sodium sulfate). Removal of the solvent yielded a        colorless solid (Compound C) that was taken to the next step        without further purification. Yield: 0.51 g (91%). ¹H NMR        (CDCl₃): δ 5.3 (s, 2H, Ar—CH₂), 6.6 (d, 2H, Ar—H, j=1.0 Hz), 7.4        (m, 5H, Ar—H, J=1.0 Hz) and 7.9 (d, 2H, Ar—H, J=1.0 Hz).

C. 4-(2-Chloroacetyl)aminobenzyl Benzoate Compound D (FIG. 23A)

-   -   The amine (0.51 g, 2.2 mmol) was dissolved in dry        dimethylacetamide (5.0 mL) and cooled in ice. Chloroacetyl        chloride (0.28 g, 2.5 mmol) was added dropwise via a syringe and        the solution was allowed to come to RT and stirred for 2 h. An        additional, 2.5 mmol of chloroacetyl chloride was added and        stirring was continued for 2 h more. The reaction mixture was        then poured into ice cold water (100 mL). The precipitated solid        was filtered and washed with water and then recrystallized from        hexane/ether to yield a colorless solid (Compound D). Yield:        0.38 g (56%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 4.25 (s, 2H, CH₂—Cl), 5.4 (s,        2H, Ar—H), 7.4 (m, 5H, Ar—H), 7.6 (d, 2H, Ar—H), 8.2 (d, 2H,        Ar—H) and 8.4 (s, 1H, —CONH).    -   tert-Butyl        2-{1,4,7,10-tetraaza-7,10-bis{[(tert-butyl)oxycarbonyl]methyl}-4-[(N-{4-[benzyloxycarbonyl]phenyl}carbamoyl]cyclododecyl}acetate,        Compound E (FIG. 23A):    -   DO3A-tri-t-butyl ester. HCl (5.24 g, 9.5 mmol) was suspended in        30.0 mL of dry acetonitrile and anhydrous potassium carbonate        (2.76 g, 20 mmol) was added and stirred for 30 min. The        chloroacetamide D (2.8 g, 9.2 mmol) in dry acetonitrile (20.0        mL) was then added dropwise to the above mixture for 10 min. The        reaction mixture was then stirred overnight. The solution was        filtered and then concentrated under reduced pressure to a        paste. The paste was dissolved in about 200.0 mL of water and        extracted with 5×50 mL of ethyl acetate. The combined organic        layer was washed with water (2×100 mL) and dried (sodium        sulfate). The solution was filtered and evaporated under reduced        pressure to a paste and the paste was chromatographed over flash        silica gel (600.0 g). Elution with 5% methanol in DCM eluted the        product. All the fractions that were homogeneous on TLC were        pooled and evaporated to yield a colorless gum. The gum was        recrystallized from isopropylether and DCM to prepare        Compound E. Yield: 4.1 g (55%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.5 (s, 27H,        methyls), 2.0-3.75 (m, 24H, NCH ₂s), 5.25 (d, 2H, Ar—CH ₂), 7.3        (m, 5H, Ar—H), 7.8 (d, 2H, Ar—H) and 7.95 (d, 2H, Ar—H). M.        S.—m/z 804.3 [M+H].

D. Reduction of the Above Acid E to Prepare Compound F, (FIG. 23A)

-   -   The benzyl ester E from above (1.0 g, 1.24 mmol) was dissolved        in methanol-water mixture (10.0 mL, 95:5) and palladium on        carbon was added (10%, 0.2 g). The solution was then        hydrogenated using a Parr apparatus at 50.0 psi for 8 h. The        solution was filtered off the catalyst and then concentrated        under reduced pressure to yield a colorless fluffy solid F. It        was not purified further and was taken to the next step        immediately. MS: m/z 714.3 [M+Na].

E. Preparation of L203 (FIG. 23B)

The above acid F was coupled to the amine on the resin[H-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-Resin] Resin A and F from above usingstandard coupling procedures described above. 0.5 g (0.2 mmol) of theresin yielded 31.5 mg of the final purified peptide (10.9%)N-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L203) (FIG. 23B).

Example XVII FIG. 24 Synthesis of L204

Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-resin (0.5 g, 0.2 mmol) (Resin A)was used. Fmoc-Gly-OH was loaded first followed by F from the aboveprocedure (FIG. 23A) employing standard coupling conditions. Yield: 24.5mg (8.16%) ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-4-aminobenzoyl-glycyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L204) (FIG. 24).

Example XVIII FIG. 25 Synthesis of L205

Fmoc-6-aminonicotinic acid¹ was prepared as described in the literature(“Synthesis of diacylhydrazine compounds for therapeutic use”.Hoelzemann, G.; Goodman, S. (Merck Patent G.m.b.H., Germany). Ger.Offen.2000, 16 pp. CODEN: GWXXBX DE 19831710 A1 20000120) and coupled withpreloaded Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-resin (0.5 g, 0.2 mmol)Resin A, followed by the other amino groups as above to prepareN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-4-aminobenzoyl-glycyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L205) Yield: 1.28 mg (0.4%).

Example XIX FIGS. 26A and 26B Synthesis of L206 A.4′-Fmoc-amino-3′-methylbiphenyl-4-carboxylic Acid B

-   -   The amino acid (0.41 g, 1.8 mmol) was dissolved in a solution of        cesium carbonate (0.98 g, 3.0 mmol) in 10.0 mL of water. See        “Rational Design of Diflunisal Analogues with Reduced Affinity        for Human Serum Albumin” Mao, H. et al J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001,        123(43), 10429-10435. This solution was cooled in an ice bath        and a solution of Fmoc-Cl (0.52 g, 2.0 mmol) in THF (10.0 mL)        was added dropwise with vigorous stirring. After the addition,        the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 20 h. The solution        was then acidified with 2N HCl. The precipitated solid was        filtered and washed with water (3×20 mL) and air dried. The        crude solid was then recrystallized from acetonitrile to yield a        colorless fluffy solid B (FIG. 26A). Yield: 0.66 g (75%). ¹H NMR        (DMSO-d₆): δ 2.2 (s, Ar—Me), 4.25 (t, 1H, Ar—CH, j=5 Hz), 4.5        (d, 2H, O—CH ₂, j=5.0 Hz), 7.1 (bs, 1H, CONH), 7.4-8.0 (m, 8H,        Ar—H) and 9.75 (bs, 1H, —COOH). M. S.: m/z 472.0 [M−H].    -   The acid B from above was coupled to        Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-resin (0.2 g, 0.08 mmol)        resin A with the standard coupling conditions. Additional groups        were added as above to prepare        N-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-[4′-Amino-2′-methyl        biphenyl-4-carboxyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide        (L206). Yield: 30.5 mg (24%).

Example XX FIGS. 27A-B Synthesis of L207

3′-Fmoc-amino-biphenyl-3-carboxylic acid was prepared from thecorresponding amine using the procedure described above. See “Synthesisof 3′-methyl-4-′-nitrobiphenylcarboxylic acids by the reaction of3-methyl-4-nitrobenzenenediazonium acetate with methyl benzoate”,Boyland, E. and Gorrod, J., J. Chem. Soc., Abstracts (1962), 2209-11.0.7G of the amine yielded 0.81 g of the Fmoc-derivative (58%) (CompoundB, FIG. 27A). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 4.3 (t, 1H, Ar—CH), 4.5 (d, 2H, O—CH₂), 7.25-8.25 (m, 16H, Ar—H) and 9.9 (s, 1H, —COOH). M. S.—m/z 434 [M−H]

Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-resin (0.2 g, 0.08 mmol) resin A wascoupled to the above acid B and additional groups as above (FIG. 27B).29.0 mg ofN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-[3′-amino-biphenyl-3-carboxyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L207) was prepared (23%).

Example XXI FIG. 28 Synthesis of L208

Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-resin (0.2 g, 0.08 mmol) A wasdeblocked and coupled to terephthalic acid employing HATU as thecoupling agent. The resulting acid on the resin was activated with DICand NHS and then coupled to ethylenediamine. DOTA-mono acid was finallycoupled to the amine on the resin.N-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-[1,2-d]aminoethyl-terephthalyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide(L208) was prepared for a yield of 17.5 mg (14%)

Example XXII FIGS. 29A-B Synthesis of L209 A. Boc-Glu(G-OBn)-G-OBn

-   -   Boc-Glutamic acid (5.0 g, 20.2 mol) was dissolved in THF (50.0        mL) and cooled to 0° C. in an ice bath. HATU (15.61 g, 41.0        mmol) was added followed by DIEA (6.5 g, 50.0 mmol). The        reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. Benzyl ester        of glycine [8.45 g, 50 mmol, generated from neutralizing benzyl        glycine hydrochloride with sodium carbonate and by extraction        with DCM and solvent removal] was added in THF (25.0 mL). The        reaction mixture was allowed to come to RT and stirred for 20 h        at RT. All the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure.        The residue was treated with saturated sodium carbonate solution        (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL). The        organic layers were combined and washed with 1N HCl (2×100 mL)        and water (2×100 mL) and dried (sodium sulfate). The solution        was filtered and solvent was removed under reduced pressure to        yield a paste that was chromatographed over flash silica gel        (500.0 g). Elution with 2% methanol in DCM yielded the product        as a colorless paste (Compound B, FIG. 29A). Yield: 8.5 g        (74.5%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.4 (s, 9H, —CH ₃s), 2.0-2.5 (m, 4H,        —CH—CH ₂ and CO—CH), 4.2 (m, 5H, N—CH ₂—CO), 5.15 (s, 4H, Ar—CH        ₂), 5.45 (bs, 1H, Boc-NH), 7.3 (m, 10H, Ar—H) and 7.6 (2bs, 2H,        CONH). M. S.—m/z 564.1 [M+H]. Analytical HPLC retention time        −8.29 min (>97% pure, 20-65% B over 15 min).

B. H-Glu(G-OBn)-G-OBn

-   -   The fully protected glutamic acid derivative (1.7 g, 3.2 mmol) B        from above was dissolved in DCM/TFA (4:1, 20 mL) and stirred        until the starting material disappeared on TLC (2 h). The        reaction mixture was poured into ice cold saturated sodium        bicarbonate solution (200 mL) and the organic layer was        separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with 2×50 mL of        DCM and combined with the organic layer. The DCM layer was        washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2×100 mL), water        (2×100 mL) and dried (sodium sulfate). The solution was filtered        and evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was dried        under vacuum to yield a glass (Compound C, FIG. 29A) that was        taken to the next step without further purification. Yield: 0.72        g (95%). M. S.—m/z 442.2 [M+H].

C. (DOTA-tri-t-butyl)-Glu-(G-OBn)-G-OBn

-   -   The amine C from above (1.33 g, 3 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10.0        mL) was added to an activated solution of DOTA-tri-t-butyl ester        [2.27 g, 3.6 mmol was treated with HBTU, 1.36 g, 3.6 mmol and        DIEA 1.04 g, 8 mmol and stirred for 30 min at RT in 25 mL of dry        DCM] and stirred at RT for 20 h]. The reaction mixture was        diluted with 200 mL of DCM and washed with saturated sodium        carbonate (2×150 mL) and dried (sodium sulfate). The solution        was filtered and solvent was removed under reduced pressure to        yield a brown paste. The crude product was chromatographed over        flash silica gel (500.0 g). Elution with 2% methanol in DCM        furnished the product as a colorless gum (Compound D, FIG. 29A).        Yield: 1.7 g (56.8%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.3 and 1.4 (2s, 9H,        three methyls each from the free base and the sodium adduct of        DOTA), 2.0-3.5 (m, 20H, N—CH ₂s and —CH—CH ₂ and CO—CH ₂),        3.75-4.5 (m, 13H, N—CH ₂—CO), 5.2 (m, 4H, Ar—CH ₂) and 7.25 (m,        10H, Ar—H). M. S. m/z—1018.3 [M+Na] and 996.5 [M+H] and 546.3        [M+Na+H]/2. HPLC—Retention Time: 11.24 min (>90%, 20-80% B over        30 min).

D. (DOTA-tri-t-butyl)-Glu-(G-OH)-G-OH

-   -   The bis benzyl ester (0.2 g, 0.2 mmol) D from above was        dissolved in methanol-water (20 mL, 9:1) and hydrogenated at 50        psi in the presence of 10% Pd/C catalyst (0.4 g, 50% by wt.        water). After the starting material disappeared on HPLC and TLC        (4 h), the solution was filtered off the catalyst and the        solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was        dried under high vacuum for about 20 h (<0.1 mm) to yield the        product as a colorless foam (Compound E, FIG. 29A). Yield: 0.12        g (73.5%). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 1.3 and 1.4 (2s, 9H corresponding        to methyls of free base and the sodium adduct of DOTA), 1.8-4.7        (m, 33H, NCH ₂s, COCH2 and CH—CH₂ and NH—CH—CO), 8.1, 8.2 and        8.4 (3bs, NHCO). M. S.: m/z—816.3 [M+H] and 838.3 [M+Na]. HPLC        Retention Time: 3.52 min (20-80% B over 30 min, >95% pure).

E.H-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoyl-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoyl-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂

-   -   Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-resin (0.5 g, 0.2 mmol) A        was deblocked and coupled twice sequentially to        8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid to yield the above deprotected        peptide (Compound F, FIG. 29B) after preparative HPLC        purification. Yield: 91.0 mg (37%). HPLC Retention Time: 8.98        min (>95% purity, 10-40% B in over 10 min). M. S.: m/z—1230.6        [M+H], 615.9 [M+2H]/2.

F. Solution Phase Coupling of the Bis-acid E and the Amine F from Above:(FIG. 29B)

-   -   The bis-acid (13.5 mg, 0.0166 mmol) E was dissolved in 100 μL of        dry acetonitrile and treated with NHS (4.0 mg, 0.035 mmol) and        DIC (5.05 mg, 0.04 mmol) and stirred for 24 h at RT. To the        above activated acid, the free amine F (51.0 mg, 0.41        mmol)[generated from the TFA salt by treatment with saturated        sodium bicarbonate and freeze drying the solution to yield the        amine as a fluffy solid] was added followed by 100 μL of NMP and        the stirring was continued for 40 h more at RT. The solution was        diluted with anhydrous ether (10 mL) and the precipitate was        collected by centrifugation and washed with 2×10 mL of anhydrous        ether again. The crude solid was then purified by preparative        HPLC to yield the product as a colorless fluffy solid L209 as in        FIG. 29B with a yield of 7.5 mg (14.7%).

Example XXIII FIGS. 30A-B Synthesis of L210 A.H-8-aminooctanoyl-8-aminooctanoyl-Gln-Tp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂

-   -   This was also prepared exactly the same way as in the case of        Compound F (FIG. 29B), but using 1-aminooctanoic acid and the        amine (Compound B, FIG. 30A) was purified by preparative HPLC.        Yield: 95.0 mg (38.9%). HPLC Retention Time: 7.49 min (>95%        purity; 10-40% B over 10.0 min). M. S.: m/z—1222.7 [M+H], 611.8        [M+2H]/2.    -   (DOTA-tri-t-butyl)-Glu-(G-OH)-G-OH (0.0163 g, 0.02 mmol) was        converted to its bis-NHS ester as in the case of L209 in 100 μL        of acetonitrile and treated with the free base, Compound B (60.0        mg, 0.05 mmol) in 100 μL of NMP and the reaction was continued        for 40 h and then worked up and purified as above to prepare        L210 (FIG. 30B) for a yield of 11.0 mg (18%).

Example XXIV FIG. 31 Synthesis of L211

Prepared from 0.2 g Of the Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-resin(0.08 mmol) using standard protocols.N-[(3,5,12a)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL211 was prepared in a yield of 4.7 mg (3.7%) (FIG. 31).

Example XXV FIG. 32 Synthesis of L212

Prepared from Rink Amide Novagel resin (0.47 mmol/g, 0.2 g, 0.094 mmol)by building the sequence on the resin by standard protocols.N-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutamyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL212 was prepared for a yield of 25.0 mg (17.7%) (FIG. 32).

Example XXVI FIG. 33 Synthesis of L213

Prepared from Fmoc-Met-2-chlorotrityl chloride resin (NovaBioChem, 0.78mmol/g, 0.26 g, 0.2 mmol) and the rest of the sequence were built usingstandard methodology.N-(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methionineL213 was prepared for a yield of 49.05 mg (16.4%) (FIG. 33).

Example XXVII FIG. 34 Synthesis of L214

Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-resin (0.2 g, 0.08 mmol) A was usedto prepareN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL214 using standard conditions. 8.5 mg of the product (6.4%) wasobtained (FIG. 34).

Example XXVIII FIG. 35 Synthesis of L215

Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-resin (0.2 g, 0.08 mmol) A was usedto prepareN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-glycyl-L-asparginyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL215. 9.2 mg (5.5%) was obtained (FIG. 35).

Example XXIX FIG. 36 Synthesis of L216

Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-resin (0.2 g, 0.08 mmol) A was usedto prepareN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-arginyl-L-tyrosinyl-glycyl-L-asparginyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL216. 25.0 mg (14.7%) was obtained (FIG. 36).

Example XXX FIG. 37 Synthesis of L217

Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-resin A (0.2 g, 0.08 mmol) was usedto prepareN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosinyl-glycyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamideL217. 58.0 mg (34.7%) was obtained (FIG. 37).

Example XXXI FIG. 38 Synthesis of L218

Fmoc-Q(Trt)-W(Boc)-A-V-G-H(Trt)-L-M-resin A (0.2 g, 0.08 mmol) was used.Fmoc-Lys(ivDde) was employed for the introduction of lysine. After thelinear sequence was completed, the protecting group of the lysine wasremoved using 10% hydrazine in DMF (2×10 mL; 10 min each and thenwashed). The rest of the amino acids were then introduced usingprocedures described in the “general” section to complete the requiredpeptide sequence. L218 in FIG. 38 as obtained in a yield of 40.0 mg(23.2%).

Example XXXII FIG. 39 Synthesis of L219

4-Sulfamylbutyryl AM Novagel resin was used (1.1 mmol/g; 0.5 g; 0.55mmol). The first amino acid was loaded on to this resin at −20° C. for20 h. The rest of the sequence was completed utilizing normal couplingprocedures. After washing, the resin was alkylated with 20.0 eq. ofiodoacetonitrile and 10.0 equivalents of DIEA for 20 h. The resin wasthen drained of the liquids and washed and then cleaved with 2.0 eq. ofpentylamine in 5.0 mL of THF for 20 h. The resin was then washed with2×5.0 mL of THF and all the filtrates were combined. THF was thenevaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was then deblockedwith 10.0 mL of Reagent B and the peptideN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-aminopentyl,L219 was purified as previously described. 28.0 mg (2.8%) was obtained(FIG. 39).

Example XXXIII FIG. 40 Synthesis of L220

NovaSyn TGR (0.25 mmol/g; 0.15 g, 0.05 mmol) resin A was used to prepareN-(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-D-alanyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L220. 31.5 mg (41.4%) was obtained (FIG. 40).

Example XXXIV FIG. 41 Synthesis of L221

NovaSyn TGR (0.25 mmol/g; 0.15 g, 0.05 mmol) resin A was used to prepareN-[(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-D-phenylalanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinamide,L221. 28.0 mg (34.3%) was obtained (FIG. 41).

Example XXXV FIG. 42 Synthesis of L222

NovaSyn TGR (0.25 mmol/g; 0.15 g, 0.05 mmol) resin A was used to prepareN-(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-D-tyrosinyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-betaalanyl-L-histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-norleucinamide,L222. 34.0 mg (40.0%) was obtained (FIG. 42).

Example XXXVI FIG. 43 Synthesis of L223

NovaSyn TGR (0.25 mmol/g; 0.15 g, 0.05 mmol) resin A was used to prepareN-(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-betaalanyl-L-histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-norleucinamide,L223. 31.2 mg (37.1%) was obtained (FIG. 43).

Example XXXVII FIG. 44 Synthesis of L224

NovaSyn TGR (0.25 mmol/g; 0.15 g, 0.05 mmol) resin A was used to prepareN-(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucinamide,L224. 30.0 mg (42.2%) was obtained (FIG. 44).

Example XXXVIII FIG. 45 Synthesis of L225

NovaSyn TGR (0.25 mmol/g; 0.15 g, 0.05 mmol) resin A was used to prepareN-(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-leucyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valinyl-glycyl-L-serinyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-methioninamide,L225. 15.0 mg (20.4%) was obtained (FIG. 45).

Example XXXIX FIG. 46 Synthesis of L226

NovaSyn TGR (0.25 mmol/g; 0.15 g, 0.05 mmol) resin A was used to prepareN-(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-histidyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L226. 40.0 mg (52.9%) was obtained (FIG. 46).

Example XL FIG. 47 Synthesis of L227

NovaSyn TGR (0.25 mmol/g; 0.15 g, 0.05 mmol) resin A was used to prepareN-(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-leucyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-threonyl]-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-methioninamideL227. 28.0 mg (36.7%) was obtained (FIG. 47).

Example XLI FIG. 48 Synthesis of L228

NovaSyn TGR (0.25 mmol/g; 0.15 g, 0.05 mmol) resin A was used to prepareN-(3β,5β,12α)-3-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]-glycyl-4-aminobenzoyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-methioninamide,L228. 26.0 mg (33.8%) was obtained (FIG. 48).

Example XLII Synthesis of Additional GRP Compounds A. General Procedurefor the Preparation of 4,4′-Aminomethylbiphenylcarboxylic acid (B2) and3,3′-aminomethylbiphenylcarboxylic Acid (B3) 1.Methyl-hydroxymethylbiphenylcarboxylates

-   -   Commercially available (Aldrich Chemical Co.)        4-hydroxymethylphenylboric acid or 3-hydroxymethylphenylboric        acid (1.0 g, 6.58 mmol) was stirred with isopropanol (10 mL) and        2M sodium carbonate (16 mL) until the solution became        homogeneous. The solution was degassed by passing nitrogen        through the solution and then treated with solid        methyl-3-bromobenzoate, or methyl-4-bromobenzoate (1.35 g, 6.3        mmol) followed by the Pd (O) catalyst {[(C₆H₅)₃P]₄Pd; 0.023 g,        0.003 mmol}. The reaction mixture was kept at reflux under        nitrogen until the starting bromobenzoate was consumed as        determined by TLC analysis (2-3 h). The reaction mixture was        then diluted with 250 mL of water and extracted with ethyl        acetate (3×50 mL). The organic layers were combined and washed        with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2×50 mL) and dried        (Na₂SO₄). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the        residue was chromatographed over flash silica gel (100 g).        Elution with 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes yielded the product        either as a solid or oil.

Yield:

B2—0.45 g (31%); m. p.—170-171° C.

B3—0.69 g (62%); oil.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ B2—3.94 (s, 3H, —COOCH₃), 4.73 (s, 2H, —CH₂-Ph), 7.475(d, 2H, J=5 Hz), 7.6 (d, 2H, J=10 Hz), 7.65 (d, 2H, J=5 Hz) and 8.09 (d,2H, J=10 Hz).

M. S.—m/e—243.0 [M+H]

B3—3.94 (s, 3H, —COOCH₃), 4.76 (s, 2H, —CH₂-Ph), 7.50 (m, 4H), 7.62 (s,1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H) and 8.27 (s, 1H).

M. S.—m/e—243.2 [M+H]

2. Azidomethylbiphenyl Carboxylates

-   -   The above biphenyl alcohols (2.0 mmol) in dry dichloromethane        (10 mL) were cooled in ice and treated with diphenylphosphoryl        azide (2.2 mol) and DBU (2.0 mmol) and stirred under nitrogen        for 24 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and        extracted with ethyl acetate (2×25 mL). The organic layers were        combined and washed successfully with 0.5 M citric acid solution        (2×25 mL), water (2×25 mL) and dried (Na₂SO₄). The solution was        filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to yield the        crude product. The 4,4′-isomer was crystallized from        hexane/ether and the 3,3′-isomer was triturated with isopropyl        ether to remove all the impurities; the product was homogeneous        as determined on TLC analysis and further purification was not        required.

Yield:

Methyl-4-azidomethyl-4-biphenylcaroxylate—0.245 g (46%); m. p.—106-108°C.

Methyl-4-azidomethyl-4-biphenylcaroxylate—0.36 g (59%, oil)

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ−4,4′-isomer—3.95 (s, 3H, —COOCH₃), 4.41 (s, 2H,—CH₂N₃), 7.42 (d, 2H, J=5 Hz), 7.66 (m, 4H) and 8.11 (d, 2H, J=5 Hz)

3,3′-Isomer—3.94 (s, 3H, —COOCH₃), 4.41 (s, 2H, —CH₂N₃), 7.26-7.6 (m,5H), 7.76 (d, 1H, J=10 Hz), 8.02 (d, 1H, J=5 Hz) and 8.27 (s, 1H).

3. Hydrolysis of the Methyl Esters of Biphenylcarboxylates

-   -   About 4 mmol of the methyl esters were treated with 20 mL of 2M        lithium hydroxide solution and stirred until the solution was        homogeneous (20-24 h). The aqueous layer was extracted with 2×50        mL of ether and the organic layer was discarded. The aqueous        layer was then acidified with 0.5 M citric acid and the        precipitated solid was filtered and dried. No other purification        was necessary and the acids were taken to the next step.

Yield:

4,4′-isomer—0.87 g of methyl ester yielded 0.754 g of the acid (86.6%);m. p.—₂₀₅-210° C.

3,3′-isomer—0.48 g of the methyl ester furnished 0.34 g of the acid(63.6%); m. p.—₁₀₂-105° C.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ: 4,4′-isomer—4.52 (s, 2H, —CH₂N₃), 7.50 (d, 2H, J=5Hz), 7.9 (m, 4H), and 8.03 (d, 2H, J=10 Hz)

3,3′-isomer—4.54 (s, 2H, —CH₂N₃), 7.4 (d, 1H, J=10 Hz), 7.5-7.7 (m, 4H),7.92 (ABq, 2H) and 8.19 (s, 1H).

4. Reduction of the Azides to the Amine

-   -   This was carried out on the solid phase and the amine was never        isolated. The azidocarboxylic acid was loaded on the resin using        the standard peptide coupling protocols. After washing, the        resin containing the azide was shaken with 20 equivalents of        triphenylphosphine in THF/water (95:5) for 24 h. The solution        was drained under a positive pressure of nitrogen and then        washed with the standard washing procedure. The resulting amine        was employed in the next coupling.

5.(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[{(9H-Flouren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl}amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicAcid

-   -   Tributylamine (3.2 mL); 13.5 mmol) was added dropwise to a        solution of Fmoc-glycine (4.0 g, 13.5 mmol) in THF (80 mL)        stirred at 0° C. Isobutylchloroformate (1.7 mL; 13.5 mmol) was        subsequently added and, after 10 min, a suspension of        tributylamine (2.6 mL; 11.2 mmol) and        (3β,5β,7α,12≢)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid (4.5 g;        11.2 mmol) in DMF (80 mL) was added dropwise, over 1 h, into the        cooled solution. The mixture was allowed to warm up to ambient        temperature and after 6 h, the solution was concentrated to 120        mL, then water (180 mL) and 1N HCl (30 mL) were added (final pH        1.5). The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with water        (2×100 mL), vacuum dried and purified by flash chromatography.        Elution with chloroform/methanol (8:2) yielded the product as a        colorless solid.

Yield: 1.9 g (25%). TLC: R_(f) 0.30 (CHCl₃/MeOH/NH₄OH—6:3:1).

In Vitro and In Vivo Testing of Compounds Example XLIII In vitro BindingAssay for GRP Receptors in PC3 Cell Lines—FIGS. 14 A-B

To identify potential lead compounds, an in vitro assay that identifiescompounds with high affinity for GRP-R was used. Since the PC3 cellline, derived from human prostate cancer, is known to exhibit highexpression of GRP-R on the cell surface, a radio ligand binding assay ina 96-well plate format was developed and validated to measure thebinding of ¹²⁵I-BBN to GRP-R positive PC3 cells and the ability of thecompounds of the invention to inhibit this binding. This assay was usedto measure the IC₅₀ for RP527 ligand, DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂(controls) and compounds of the invention which inhibit the binding of12511 BBN to GRP-R.(RP527≦N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-5-aminopentanoic acid-BBN(7-14), which is SEQ ID NO: 1), which has MS=1442.6 and IC50-0.84). Vande Wiele C, Dumont F et al., Technetium-99m RP527, a GRP analogue forvisualization of GRP receptor-expressing malignancies: a feasibilitystudy. Eur. J. Nucl. Med., (2000) 27; 1694-1699;DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is also referred to asDO3A-monoamide-8-amino-octanoic acid-BBN (7-14), which is SEQ ID NO: 1,and has MS=1467.0. DO3A monoamide-aminooctanyl-BBN [7-14]

The Radioligand Binding Plate Assay was validated for BBN and BBNanalogues (including commercially available BBN and L1) and also using^(99m)Tc RP527 as the radioligand.

A. Materials and Methods:

1. Cell Culture:

-   -   PC3 (human prostate cancer cell line) were obtained from the        American Type Culture Collection and cultured in RPMI 1640        (ATCC) in tissue culture flasks (Corning). This growth medium        was supplemented with 10% heat inactivated FBS (Hyclone,        SH30070.03), 10 mM HEPES (GibcoBRL, 15630-080), and        antibiotic/antimycotic (GibcoBRL, 15240-062) for a final        concentration of penicillin-streptomycin (100 units/mL), and        fungizone (0.25 μg/mL). All cultures were maintained in a        humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂/95% air at 37° C., and        passaged routinely using 0.05% trypsin/EDTA (GibcoBRL 25300-054)        where indicated. Cells for experiments were plated at a        concentration of 2.0×10⁴/well either in 96-well white/clear        bottom microtiter plates (Falcon Optilux-1) or 96 well        black/clear collagen I cellware plates (Beckton Dickinson        Biocoat). Plates were used for binding studies on day 1 or 2        post-plating.

2. Binding Buffer:

-   -   RPMI 1640 (ATCC) supplemented with 20 mM HEPES, 0.1% BSA (w/v),        0.5 mM PMSF (AEBSF), bacitracin (50 mg/500 ml), pH 7.4. 125′-BBN        (carrier free, 2200 Ci/mmole) was obtained from Perkin-Elmer.

B. Competition Assay with ¹²⁵I-BBN for GRP-R in PC3 Cells:

-   -   A 96-well plate assay was used to determine the IC₅₀ of various        compounds of the invention to inhibit binding of 125′-BBN to        human GRP-R. The following general procedure was followed:    -   All compounds tested were dissolved in binding buffer and        appropriate dilutions were also done in binding buffer. PC3        cells (human prostate cancer cell line) for assay were plated at        a concentration of 2.0×10⁴/well either in 96-well white/clear        bottomed microtiter plates (Falcon Optilux-1) or 96 well        black/clear collagen I cellware plates (Beckton Dickinson        Biocoat). Plates were used for binding studies on day 1 or 2        post-plating. The plates were checked for confluency (>90%        confluent) prior to assay. For the assay, RP527 or        DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ ligand, (controls), or compounds        of the invention at concentrations ranging from 1.25×10⁻⁹ M to        5×10⁻⁹ M, was co-incubated with 12511 BBN (25,000 cpm/well).        These studies were conducted with an assay volume of 75 μl per        well. Triplicate wells were used for each data point. After the        addition of the appropriate solutions, plates were incubated for        1 h at 4° C. to prevent internalization of the ligand-receptor        complex. Incubation was ended by the addition of 200 μl of        ice-cold incubation buffer. Plates were washed 5 times and        blotted dry. Radioactivity was detected using either the LKB        CompuGamma counter or a microplate scintillation counter.

Competition binding curves for RP527 (control) and L70, a compound ofthe invention can be found in FIGS. 14A-B. These data show that the IC50of the RP527 control is 2.5 nM and that of L70, a compound of thisinvention is 5 nM. The IC50 of the DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂control was 5 nM. IC50 values for those compounds of the inventiontested can be found in Tables 1-3, supra, and show that they arecomparable to that of the controls and thus would be expected to havesufficient affinity for the receptor to allow uptake by receptor bearingcells in vivo.

C. Internalization & Efflux Assay:

-   -   These studies were conducted in a 96-well plate. After washing        to remove serum proteins, PC3 cells were incubated with        ¹²⁵I-BBN, ¹⁷⁷Lu-DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ or radiolabeled        compounds of this invention for 40 min, at 37° C. Incubations        were stopped by the addition of 200 μl of ice-cold binding        buffer. Plates were washed twice with binding buffer. To remove        surface-bound radioligand, the cells were incubated with 0.2M        acetic acid (in saline), pH 2.8 for 2 min. Plates were        centrifuged and the acid wash media were collected to determine        the amount of radioactivity which was not internalized. The        cells were collected to determine the amount of internalized        ¹²⁵I-BBN, and all samples were analyzed in the gamma counter.        Data for the internalization assay was normalized by comparing        counts obtained at the various time points with the counts        obtained at the final time point (T40 min).    -   For the efflux studies, after loading the PC3 cells with        ¹²⁵I-BBN or radiolabeled compounds of the invention for 40 min        at 37° C., the unbound material was filtered, and the % of        internalization was determined as above. The cells were then        resuspended in binding buffer at 37° C. for up to 3 h. At 0.5,        1, 2, or 3 h, the amount remaining internalized relative to the        initial loading level was determined as above and used to        calculate the percent efflux recorded in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Internalisation and efflux of ¹²⁵I-BBN and the Lu-177 complexesof DO3A-monoamide-Aoc- QWAVGHLM-NH₂ (control) and compounds of thisinvention DO3A- monoamide- Aoc- QWAVGHLM- I-BBN NH₂ (control) L63 L64L70 Internalisation 59 89 64 69 70 (40 minutes) Efflux (2 h) 35 28 0 2012These data show that the compounds of this invention are internalizedand retained by the PC3 cells to a similar extent to the controls.

Example XLIV Preparation of Tc-Labeled GRP Compounds

Peptide solutions of compounds of the invention identified in Table 6were prepared at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in 0.1% aqueous TFA. Astannous chloride solution was prepared by dissolving SnCl₂.2H₂O (20mg/mL) in 1 N HCl. Stannous gluconate solutions containing 20 μg ofSnCl₂.2H₂O/100 μL were prepared by adding an aliquot of the SnCl₂solution (10 μL) to a sodium gluconate solution prepared by dissolving13 mg of sodium gluconate in water. A hydroxypropyl gamma cyclodextrin[HP-γ-CD] solution was prepared by dissolving 50 mg of HP-γ-CD in 1 mLof water.

The ^(99m)Tc labeled compounds identified below were prepared by mixing20 μL of solution of the unlabeled compounds (20 μg), 50 μL of HP-γ-CDsolution, 100 μL of Sn-gluconate solution and 20 to 50 μL of ^(99m)Tcpertechnetate (5 to 8 mCi, Syncor). The final volume was around 200 μLand final pH was 4.5-5. The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for15 to 20 min. and then analyzed by reversed phase HPLC to determineradiochemical purity (RCP). The desired product peaks were isolated byHPLC, collected into a stabilizing buffer containing 5 mg/mL ascorbicacid, 16 mg/mL HP-γ-CD and 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 4.5, andconcentrated using a speed vacuum to remove acetonitrile. The HPLCsystem used for analysis and purification was as follows: C18 Vydaccolumn, 4.6×250 mm, aqueous phase: 0.1% TFA in water, organic phase:0.085% TFA in acetonitrile. Flow rate: 1 mL/min. Isocratic elution at20%-25% acetonitrile/0.085% TFA was used, depending on the nature ofindividual peptide.

Labeling results are summarized in Table 6.

TABLE 6 HPLC RCP⁴ (%) retention Initial immediately time RCP³ followingCompound¹ Sequence² (min) (%) purification L2 -RJQWAVGHLM- 5.47 89.995.6 NH₂ L4 -SJQWAVGHLM- 5.92 65 97 NH₂ L8 -JKQWAVGHLM- 6.72 86 94 NH₂L1 -KJQWAVGHLM- 5.43 88.2 92.6 NH₂ L9 -JRQWAVGHLM- 7.28 91.7 96.2 NH₂ L7-aJQWAVGHLM- 8.47 88.6 95.9 NH₂ n.d. = not detected ¹All compounds wereconjugated with an N,N′-dimethylglycyl-Ser-Cys-Gly metal chelator. TheAcm protected form of the ligand was used. Hence, the ligand used toprepare the 99mTc complex of L2 was N,N′-dimethylglycyl-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-RJQWAVGHLM-NH₂. The Acm group was removed during chelation toTc. ²In the Sequence, “J” refers to 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid and“a” refers to D-alanine. ³Initial RCP measurement taken immediatelyafter heating and prior to HPL purification. ⁴RCP determined followingHPLC isolation and acetonitrile removal via speed vacuum.

Example XLV Preparation of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L64 for Cell Binding andBiodistribution Studies

This compound was synthesized by incubating 10 μL64 ligand (10 μL of a 1mg/mL solution in water), 100 μL ammonium acetate buffer (0.2M, pH 5.2)and ˜1-2 mCi of ¹⁷⁷LuCl₃ in 0.05N HCl (MURR) at 90° C. for 15 min. Free¹⁷⁷Lu was scavenged by adding 20 μL of a 1% Na₂EDTA-2H₂O (Aldrich)solution in water. The resulting radiochemical purity (RCP) was ˜95%.The radiolabeled product was separated from unlabeled ligand and otherimpurities by HPLC, using a YMC Basic C8 column [4.6×150 mm], a columntemperature of 30° C. and a flow rate of 1 mL/min, with a gradient of68% A/32% B to 66% A/34% B over 30 min., where A is citrate buffer(0.02M, pH 3.0), and B is 80% CH₃CN/20% CH₃OH. The isolated compound hadan RCP of ˜100% and an HPLC retention time of 23.4 minutes.

Samples for biodistribution and cell binding studies were prepared bycollecting the desired HPLC peak into 1000 μL of citrate buffer (0.05 M,pH 5.3, containing 1% ascorbic acid, and 0.1% HSA). The organic eluentin the collected eluate was removed by centrifugal concentration for 30min. For cell binding studies, the purified sample was diluted withcell-binding media to a concentration of 1.5 μCi/mL within 30 minutes ofthe in vitro study. For biodistribution studies, the sample was dilutedwith citrate buffer (0.05 M, pH 5.3, containing 1% sodium ascorbic acidand 0.1% HSA) to a final concentration of 50 μCi/mL within 30 minutes ofthe in vivo study.

Example XLVI Preparation of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L64 for Radiotherapy Studies

This compound was synthesized by incubating 70 μL64 ligand (70 μL of a 1mg/mL solution in water), 200 μL ammonium acetate buffer (0.2M, pH 5.2)and ˜30-40 mCi of ¹⁷⁷LuCl₃ in 0.05N HCl (MURR) at 85° C. for 10 min.After cooling to room temperature, free ¹⁷⁷Lu was scavenged by adding 20μL of a 2% Na₂EDTA.2H₂O (Aldrich) solution in water. The resultingradiochemical purity (RCP) was ˜95%. The radiolabeled product wasseparated from unlabeled ligand and other impurities by HPLC, using a300VHP Anion Exchange column (7.5×50 mm) (Vydac) that was sequentiallyeluted at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with water, 50% acetonitrile/water andthen 1 g/L aqueous ammonium acetate solution. The desired compound waseluted from the column with 50% CH₃CN and mixed with ˜1 mL of citratebuffer (0.05 M, pH 5.3) containing 5% ascorbic acid, 0.2% HSA, and 0.9%(v:v) benzyl alcohol. The organic part of the isolated fraction wasremoved by spin vacuum for 40 min, and the concentrated solution (˜20-25mCi) was adjusted within 30 minutes of the in vivo study to aconcentration of 7.5 mCi/mL using citrate buffer (0.05 M, pH 5.3)containing 5% ascorbic acid, 0.2% HSA, and 0.9% (v:v) benzyl alcohol.The resulting compound had an RCP of >95%.

Example XLVII Preparation of ¹¹¹In-L64

This compound was synthesized by incubating 10 μL64 ligand (5 μL of a 2mg/mL solution in 0.01 N HCl), 60 μL ethanol, 1.12 mCi of ¹¹¹ nCl₃ in0.05N HCl (80 μL) and 155 μL sodium acetate buffer (0.5M, pH 4.5) at 85°C. for 30 min. Free ¹¹¹In was scavenged by adding 20 μL of a 1%Na₂EDTA.2H₂O (Aldrich) solution in water. The resulting radiochemicalpurity (RCP) was 87%. The radiolabeled product was separated fromunlabeled ligand and other impurities by HPLC, using a Vydac C18 column,[4,6×250 mm], a column temperature of 50° C. and a flow rate of 1.5mL/min. with a gradient of 75% A/25% B to 65% A/35% B over 20 min whereA is 0.1% TFA in water, B is 0.085% TFA in acetonitrile. With thissystem, the retention time for ¹¹¹In-L64 is 15.7 min. The isolatedcompound had an RCP of 96.7%.

Example XLVIII Preparation of ¹⁷⁷Lu-DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-OWAVGHLM-NH₂(Control)

A stock solution of peptide was prepared by dissolvingDO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ ligand (prepared as described in USApplication Publication No. 2002/0054855 and WO 02/87637, bothincorporated by reference) in 0.01 N HCl to a concentration of 1 mg/mL.¹⁷⁷Lu-DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ was prepared by mixing thefollowing reagents in the order shown.

0.2 M NH₄OAc, pH 6.8 100 μL Peptide stock, 1 mg/mL, in 0.01 N HCl  5 μL¹⁷⁷LuCl₃ (MURR) in 0.05M HCl  1.2 μL (1.4 mCi)

The reaction mixture was incubated at 85° C. for 10 min. After coolingdown to room temperature in a water bath, 20 μL of a 1% EDTA solutionand 20 μl of EtOH were added. The compound was analyzed by HPLC using aC18 column (VYDAC Cat # 218TP54) that was eluted at flow rate of 1mL/min with a gradient of 21 to 25% B over 20 min, where A is 0.1%TFA/H₂O and B is 0.1% TFA/CH₃CN). ¹⁷⁷Lu—DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂was formed in 97.1% yield (RCP) and had a retention time of ˜16.1 min onthis system.

Example XLIX Preparation of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L63

This compound was prepared as described for¹⁷⁷Lu-DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂, wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is theBBN(7-14) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1). The compound was analyzed by HPLCusing a C18 column (VYDAC Cat # 218TP54) that was eluted at flow rate of1 mL/min with a gradient of 30-34% B over 20 min (where solvent is A.01% TFA/H₂O and B is 01% TFA/CH₃CN). The ¹⁷⁷Lu-L63 that formed had anRCP of 97.8% and a retention time of ˜14.2 min on this system.

Example L Preparation of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 for Cell Binding and BiodistributionStudies

This compound was prepared following the procedures described above, butsubstituting L70 (the ligand of Example II). Purification was performedusing a YMC Basic C8 column (4.6×150 mm), a column temperature of 30° C.and a flow rate of 1 mL/min. with a gradient of 80% A/20% B to 75% A/25%B over 40 min., where A is citrate buffer (0.02M, pH 4.5), and B is 80%CH₃CN/20% CH₃OH. The isolated compound had an RCP of 100% and an HPLCretention time of 25.4 min.

Example L1 Preparation of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 for Radiotherapy Studies

This compound was prepared as described above for L64.

Example LII Preparation of ¹¹¹In-L70 for Cell Binding andBiodistribution Studies

This compound was synthesized by incubating 10 μL70 ligand (10 μL of a 1mg/mL solution in 0.01 N HCl), 180 μL ammonium acetate buffer (0.2M, pH5.3), 1.1 mCi of ¹¹¹InCl₃ in 0.05N HCl (61 μL, Mallinckrodt) and 50 μLof saline at 85° C. for 30 min. Free ¹¹¹In was scavenged by adding 20 μLof a 1% Na₂EDTA-2H₂O (Aldrich) solution in water. The resultingradiochemical purity (RCP) was 86%. The radiolabeled product wasseparated from unlabeled ligand and other impurities by HPLC, using aWaters XTerra C18 cartridge linked to a Vydac strong anion exchangecolumn [7.5×50 mm], a column temperature of 30° C. and a flow rate of 1mL/min. with the gradient listed in the Table below, where A is 0.1 mMNaOH in water, pH 10.0, B is 1 g/L ammonium acetate in water, pH 6.7 andC is acetonitrile. With this system, the retention time for ¹¹¹In-L70 is15 min while the retention time for L70 ligand is 27 to 28 min. Theisolated compound had an RCP of 96%.

Samples for biodistribution and cell binding studies were prepared bycollecting the desired HPLC peak into 500 μL of citrate buffer (0.05 M,pH 5.3, containing 5% ascorbic acid, 1 mg/mL L-methionine and 0.2% HSA).The organic part of the collection was removed by spin vacuum for 30min. For cell binding studies, the purified, concentrated sample wasused within 30 minutes of the in vitro study. For biodistributionstudies, the sample was diluted with citrate buffer (0.05 M, pH 5.3,containing 5% sodium ascorbic acid and 0.2% HSA) to a finalconcentration of 10 μCi/mL within 30 minutes of the in vivo study.

Time, min A B C  0-10 100% 10-11 100-50% 0-50% 11-21  50% 50% 21-2250-0% 0-50% 50% 22-32 50% 50%

Example LIII In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies A. Tracer DoseBiodistribution:

-   -   Low dose pharmacokinetic studies (e.g., biodistribution studies)        were performed using the below-identified compounds of the        invention in xenografted, PC3 tumor-bearing nude mice        ([Ncr]-Foxn1<nu>). In all studies, mice were administered 100 μL        of ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled test compound at 200 μCi/kg, i.v., with a        residence time of 1 and 24 h per group (n=3-4). Tissues were        analyzed in an LKB 1282 CompuGamma counter with appropriate        standards.

TABLE 7 Pharmacokinetic comparison at 1 and 24 h in PC3 tumor-bearingnude mice (200 μCi/kg; values as % ID/g, except where otherwiseindicated) of ¹⁷⁷Lu-177 labeled compounds of this invention compared tocontrol DO3A- monoamide- Aoc- QWAVGHLM- NH₂ control L63 L64 L70 Tissue 1 hr  24 hr 1 hr 24 hr 1 hr 24 hr 1 hr 24 hr Blood 0.44 0.03 7.54 0.051.87 0.02 0.33 0.03 (% ID) Liver 0.38 0.04 12.15 0.20 2.89 0.21 0.770.10 (% ID) Kidneys 7.65 1.03 7.22 0.84 10.95 1.45 6.01 2.31 Tumor 3.661.52 9.49 2.27 9.83 3.60 6.42 3.50 Pancreas 28.60 1.01 54.04 1.62 77.786.56 42.34 40.24

Whereas the distribution of radioactivity in the blood, liver andkidneys after injection of L64 and L70 is similar to that of the controlcompound, DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂, wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is theBBN(7-14) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1), the uptake in the tumor is muchhigher at 1 and 24 h for both L64 and L70. L63 also shows high tumoruptake although with increased blood and liver values at early times.Uptake in the mouse pancreas, a normal organ known to have GRP receptorsis much higher for L64, L70 and L63 than for the control compoundDO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂, wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is the BBN(7-14)sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1).

B. The Effect of Mass Peptide Dose of L70 in Tumor and Normal Tissues.

The following biodistribution studies were performed in the human PC-3nude mouse model (Tac:Cr:(NCr)-Fox1^(nu)).

Mice received one i.v. tail vein dose (0.1 mL) of the appropriatesolution of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 to which sufficient L70 ligand was added toachieve the peptide mass recorded in the following tables. Theradioactive dose of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 given was 10-750 μCi.

Subjects of all studies were terminated at the end of the residenceinterval and the organs and tissues were harvested. Radioactivity wasassayed in a gamma counter. The data is expressed as percentage of thetotal administered radioactivity per gram of tissue (% ID/g).

Administered Dose (μg) Organ 0.0025 0.08 0.22 0.43 0.64 0.85 Mouse %IDg, 1 h Blood 0.24 0.77 0.49 0.85 0.48 0.71 Liver 0.21 0.44 0.27 0.440.26 0.35 Kidneys 7.09 5.17 3.46 4.13 4.75 5.31 Tumor 6.35 3.13 4.363.13 3.97 5.78 Pancreas 49.59 51.15 25.11 11.60 7.19 5.27 GI 6.38 4.081.41 1.39 0.94 0.83 Mouse % ID/g, 24 h Blood 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.010.01 Liver 0.08 0.18 0.15 0.11 0.12 0.12 Kidneys 2.26 1.2 1.70 1.28 0.901.47 Tumor 3.39 2.59 2.13 1.64 0.57 2.85 Pancreas 35.11 35.18 19.68 9.554.86 3.29 GI 3.26 1.31 0.78 0.53 0.25 0.24

The data show that those normal organs in mice, e.g. pancreas andgastrointestinal tract, known to express the GRP receptor, demonstratean expected mass dose effect (i.e. reduction in uptake of radioactivitywith increasing mass dose), however, the tumor is unexpectedly resistantto saturation as the mass dose is increased.

A similar effect can be obtained by administering a dose of L70 ligandprior to the administration of the radioactive material. In this study,biodistribution studies were performed in the human PC-3 nude mousemodel (Tac:Cr:(NCr)-Fox1^(nu)) where the animals were pretreated with 1intravenous injection of L70 ligand (0.64 μg) or buffer control at 5,15, or 60 minutes prior to intravenous administration of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70; masspeptide dose 0.1 μg/kg mouse. Animals were sacrificed 1 hour afteradministration of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 and tissues counted to determine ifpre-treatment with L70 had any effect on biodistribution.

Down-regulation In Vivo, % Injected Dose/Organ* in PC-3 Mice, at 1 hPost Injection of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 Time between L70 predose injection andadministration of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 No Predose (Control) 5 min 15 min 60 minBlood^(a) 0.20 ± 0.04 0.46 ± 0.12** 0.49 ± 0.32 0.22 ± 0.02 Lung 0.04 ±0.01 0.09 ± 0.02** 0.09 ± 0.04 0.04 ± 0.01 Kidneys 5.10 ± 2.61 1.73 ±0.69*  2.25 ± 1.30 3.93 ± 2.26 Pancreas 15.87 ± 4.48   1.22 ± 0.25****  2.83 ± 0.22*** 10.14 ± 1.73  Spleen 0.10 ± 0.03  0.02 ± 0.01***   0.02± 0.01***  0.04 ± 0.01** Tumor^(a) 4.37 ± 1.42 5.40 ± 1.85  4.07 ± 1.053.21 ± 1.49 G.I. 9.50 ± 0.20  1.29 ± 0.77****   1.98 ± 0.54****  5.86 ±2.46* Urine 40.59 ± 6.12  65.06 ± 7.25***  68.66 ± 12.50**  57.88 ±10.42* ^(a)% injected dose/g tissue. Level of Significance: *p < 0.05,**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.001.

As before, a significant decrease in the amount of radioactivity in thepancreas was seen in animals that had been pretreated with L70 either 5or 15 minutes prior to ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 administration, while decreases ingastrointestinal radioactivity were seen in all L70 pre-treatment groups(5, 15, and 60 minutes). Renal effects were transient and onlysignificantly different from control in the 5-minute predose group;however, urinary excretion differences persisted out to 60 minutes postL70 administration. The results indicate that the target tumor wasunaffected by pre-treatment with L70 and demonstrated uptake of¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 under all predose conditions. Combined, these results show abeneficial effect of pre-dosing or co-dosing with compounds of theinvention.

Example LIV Receptor Subtype Specificity

Currently, four mammalian members of the GRP receptor family are known:the GRP-preferring receptor (GRP-R), neuromedin-B preferring receptor(NMB-R), the bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BB3-R) and the bombesinreceptor subtype 4 (BB4-R). The receptor subtype specificity of¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 was investigated. The results indicate ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 bindsspecifically to GRP-R and NMB-R, and has little affinity for BB3-R.

The subtype specificity of the Lutetium complex of L70 (here, ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70)(prepared as described supra) was determined by in vitro receptorautoradiography using the procedure described in Reubi et al., “BombesinReceptor Subtypes in Human Cancers: Detection with the UniversalRadioligand ¹²⁵I-[D-Tyr⁶, beta-Ala, Phe¹³, Nle¹⁴]”, Clin. Cancer Res.8:1139-1146 (2002) and tissue samples that had been previously found toexpress only one subtype of GRP receptor, as well as non-neoplastictissues including normal pancreas and colon, as well as chronicpancreatitis (shown below in Table 8a). Human ileal carcinoid tissue wasused as a source for NMB-R, human prostate carcinoma for GRP-R and humanbronchial carcinoid for BB3-R subtype receptors. For comparison,receptor autoradiography was also performed with other bombesinradioligands, such as 125]-Tyr⁴-bombesin or a compound known as theUniversal ligand, ¹²⁵I-[DTyr⁶, βAla¹¹, Phe¹³, Nle¹⁴]-BBN(6-14), whichbinds to all three subsets of GRP-R, on adjacent tissue sections. Forfurther discussion, see Fleischmann et al., “Bombesin Receptors inDistinct Tissue Compartments of Human Pancreatic Diseases,” Lab. Invest.80:1807-1817 (2000); Markwalder et al., “Gastin-Releasing PeptideReceptors in the Human Prostate: Relation to Neoplastic Transformation,”Cancer Res. 59:1152-1159 (1999); Gugger et al., “GRP Receptors inNon-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Human Breast,” Am. J. Pathol.155:2067-2076 (1999).

TABLE 8A Detection of bombesin receptor subtypes in various humantissues using different radioligands. Receptor Receptor autoradiographyautoradiography using standard using ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 BN radioligands* Tumor nGRP-R NMB-R BB3 GRP-R NMB-R BB3 Mammary Ca 8 8/8 0/8 0/8 8/8 0/8 0/8Prostate Ca 4 4/4 0/4 0/4 4/4 0/4 0/4 Renal Ca 6 5/6 0/6 0/6 4/6 0/6 0/6Ileal carcinoid 8 0/8 8/8 0/8 0/8 8/8 0/8 Bronchial carcinoid 6 2/6(weak) 0/6 0/6 2/6 (weak) 0/6 6/6 Colon Ca tumor 7 3/7 (weak) 0/7 0/73/7 (weak) 0/7 0/7 smooth muscle 7 7/7 0/7 0/7 7/7 0/7 0/7 Pancreas Ca 40/4 0/4 0/4 0/4 0/4 0/4 Chronic 5 5/5 0/5 0/5 5/5 0/5 0/5 pancreatitis(acini) Human pancreas 7 1/7 (weak) 0/7 0/7 0/7 0/7 0/7 (acini) Mousepancreas 4 4/4 0/4 0/4 4/4 0/4 0/4 (acini) *¹²⁵I-[DTyr⁶, βAla¹¹, Phe¹³,Nle¹⁴]-BBN(6-14) and ¹²⁵I-Tyr⁴-BBN.

As seen from Table 8a, all GRP-R-expressing tumors such as prostatic,mammary and renal cell carcinomas, identified as such with establishedradioligands, were also visualized in vitro with ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70. Due to abetter sensitivity, selected tumors with low levels of GRP-R could beidentified with ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70, but not with ¹²⁵I-Tyr⁴-BBN, as shown in Table8a. All NMB-R-expressing tumors identified with established radioligandswere also visualized with ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70. Conversely, none of the BB3 tumorswere detected with ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70. One should not make any conclusion on thenatural incidence of the receptor expression in the various types oftumors listed in Table 8a, as the tested cases were chosen asreceptor-positive in the majority of cases, with only a few selectednegative controls. The normal human pancreas is not labeled with¹⁷⁷Lu-L70, whereas the mouse pancreas is strongly labeled underidentical conditions. Although the normal pancreas is a very rapidlydegradable tissue and one can never completely exclude degradation ofprotein, including receptors, factors suggesting that the human pancreasdata are truly negative include the positive control of the mousepancreas under similar condition and the strongly labeled BB3 found inthe islets of the respective human pancreas, which represent a positivecontrol for the quality of the investigated human pancreas. Furthermore,the detection of GRP-R in pancreatic tissues that are pathologicallyaltered (chronic pancreatitis) indicate that GRP-R, when present, can beidentified under the chosen experimental conditions in this tissue. Infact, ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 identifies these GRP-R in chronic pancreatitis withgreater sensitivity than ¹²⁵I-Tyr⁴-BBN. While none of the pancreaticcancers had measurable amounts of GRP-R, a few colon carcinomas showed alow density of heterogeneously distributed GRP receptors measured with¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 (Table 8a). It should further be noticed that the smoothmuscles of the colon express GRP-R and were detected in vitro with¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 as well as with the established bombesin ligands.

TABLE 8B Binding affinity of ¹⁷⁵Lu-L70 to the 3 bombesin receptorsubtypes expressed in human cancers. Data are expressed as IC₅₀ in nM(mean ± SEM. n = number of experiments in parentheses). Compound D.NMB-R E. GRP-R BB3 Universal ligand 0.8 ± 0.1 (3) 0.7 ± 0.1 (3) 1.1 ±0.1 (3) ¹⁷⁵Lu-L70 0.9 ± 0.1 (4) 0.8 ± 0.1 (5) >1,000 (3)

As shown in Table 8b, the cold labeled ¹⁷⁵Lu-L70 had a very highaffinity for human GRP and NMB receptors expressed in human tissueswhile it had only low affinity for BB3 receptors. These experiments used¹²⁵I-[DTyr⁶, βA¹¹, Phe¹³, Nle¹⁴]-BBN(6-14) as radiotracer. Using the¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L70 as radiotracer, the above mentioned data are herebyconfirmed and extended. All GRP-R-expressing human cancers were verystrongly labeled with ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70. The same was true for allNMB-R-positive tumors. Conversely, tumors with BB3 were not visualized.The sensitivity of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 seems better than that of ¹²⁵I-Tyr⁴-BBN orthe 12511 labeled universal bombesin analog. Therefore, a few tumorsexpressing a low density of GRP-R can be readily identified with¹⁷⁷Lu-L70, while they are not positive with ¹²⁵I-Tyr⁴-BBN. The bindingcharacteristics of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 could also be confirmed in non-neoplastictissues. While the mouse pancreas, as control, was shown to express avery high density of GRP-R, the normal human pancreatic acini weredevoid of GRP-R. However, in conditions of chronic pancreatitis GRP-Rcould be identified in acini, as reported previously in Fleischmann etal., “Bombesin Receptors in Distinct Tissue Compartments of HumanPancreatic Diseases”, Lab. Invest. 80:1807-1817 (2000) and tissue, againwith better sensitivity by using ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 than by using ¹²⁵I-Tyr⁴-BBN.Conversely, the BB₃-expressing islets were not detected with ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70,while they were strongly labeled with the universal ligand, as reportedpreviously in Fleischmann et al., “Bombesin Receptors in Distinct TissueCompartments of Human Pancreatic Diseases”, Lab. Invest. 80:1807-1817(2000). While a minority of colon carcinomas had GRP-R, usually in verylow density and heterogeneously distributed, the normal colonic smoothmuscles expressed a high density of GRP-R.

The results in Tables 8a and 8b indicate that Lu labeled L70 derivativesare expected to bind well to human prostate carcinoma, which primarilyexpresses GRP-R. They also indicate that Lu labeled L70 derivatives arenot expected to bind well to normal human pancreas (which primarilyexpresses the BB3-R receptor), or to cancers which primarily express theBB3-R receptor subtype.

Example LV Radiotherapy Studies A. Efficacy Studies:

-   -   Radiotherapy studies were performed using the PC3 tumor-bearing        nude mouse model. In Short Term Efficacy Studies, ¹⁷⁷Lu labeled        compounds of the invention L64, L70, L63 and the treatment        control compound DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ were compared        to an untreated control group. (n=12 for each treatment group        for up to 30 days, and n=36 for the pooled untreated control        group for up to 31 days). For all efficacy studies, mice were        administered 100 μL of ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled compound of the invention        at 30 mCi/kg, i.v, or s.c. under sterile conditions. The        subjects were housed in a barrier environment for the duration        of the study. Body weight and tumor size (by caliper        measurement) were collected on each subject 3 times per week for        the duration of the study. Criteria for early termination        included: death; loss of total body weight (TBW) equal to or        greater than 20%; tumor size equal to or greater than 2 cm³.        Results of the Short Term Efficacy Study are displayed in FIG.        15A. These results show that animals treated with L70, L64 or        L63 have increased survival over the control animals given no        treatment and over those animals given the same dose of the        DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ control.    -   Long Term Efficacy Studies were performed with L64 and L70 using        the same dose as before but using more animals per compound        (n=46) and following them for up to 120 days. The results of the        Long Term Efficacy Study are displayed in FIG. 15B. Relative to        the same controls as before (n=36), both L64 and L70 treatment        gave significantly increased survival (p<0.0001) with L70 being        better than L64, although not statistically different from each        other (p<0.067).

Example LVI Alternative Preparation of L64 and L70 Using SegmentCoupling

Compounds L64 and L70 can be prepared employing the collection ofintermediates generally represented by A-D (FIG. 19), which themselvesare prepared by standard methods known in the art of solid and solutionphase peptide synthesis (Synthetic Peptides—A User's Guide 1992, Grant,G., Ed. WH. Freeman Co., NY, Chap 3 and Chap 4 pp 77-258; Chan, W. C.and White, P. D. Basic Procedures in Fmoc Solid Phase PeptideSynthesis—A Practical Approach 2002, Chan, W. C. and White, P. D. EdsOxford University Press, New York, Chap. 3 pp 41-76; Barlos, K. andGatos, G. Convergent Peptide Synthesis in Fmoc Solid Phase PeptideSynthesis—A Practical Approach 2002, Chan, W. C. and White, P. D. EdsOxford University Press, New York, Chap. 9 pp 216-228) which areincorporated herein by reference.

These methods include Aloc, Boc, Fmoc or benzyloxycarbonyl-based peptidesynthesis strategies or judiciously chosen combinations of those methodson solid phase or in solution. The intermediates to be employed for agiven step are chosen based on the selection of appropriate protectinggroups for each position in the molecule, which may be selected from thelist of groups shown in FIG. 1. Those of ordinary skill in the art willalso understand that intermediates, compatible with peptide synthesismethodology, comprised of alternative protecting groups can also beemployed and that the listed options for protecting groups shown aboveserves as illustrative and not inclusive, and that such alternatives arewell known in the art.

This is amply illustrated in FIG. 20 which outlines the approach.Substitution of the intermediate C2 in place of Cl shown in thesynthesis of L64, provides L70 when the same synthetic strategies areapplied.

Example LVII FIGS. 49A and 49B Synthesis of L69

Summary: Reaction of (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid A with Fmoc-Cl gave intermediate B. Rink amide resin functionalisedwith the octapeptide Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂ (BBN[7-14])(SEQ ID NO: 1) (A), was sequentially reacted with B,Fmoc-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid and DOTA tri-t-butyl ester. Aftercleavage and deprotection with Reagent B the crude was purified bypreparative HPLC to give L230. Overall yield: 4.2%.

A.(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicAcid, B (FIG. 49A)

-   -   A solution of 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (1.4 g; 5.4        mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (18 mL) was added dropwise to a suspension        of (3 3,5 3,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid A        (2.0 g; 4.9 mmol) (3) in 10% aq. Na₂CO₃ (30 mL) and 1,4-dioxane        (18 mL) stirred at 0° C. After 6 h stirring at room temperature        H₂O (100 mL) was added, the aqueous phase washed with Et₂O (2×90        mL) and then 2 M HCl (15 mL) was added (final pH: 1.5). The        precipitated solid was filtered, washed with H₂O (3×100 mL),        vacuum dried and then purified by flash chromatography to give B        as a white solid (2.2 g; 3.5 mmol). Yield 71%.

B.N-[3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[[2-[2-[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]ethoxy]ethoxy]acetyl]amino]-7,12-dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L69 (FIG. 49B)

-   -   Resin A (0.5 g; 0.3 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution filtered and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added. The suspension was stirred for another 20 min then the        solution was filtered and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        (313,5        03,7α,12α)-3-(9H-Fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic        acid B (0.75 g; 1.2 mmol), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) (0.18        g; 1.2 mmol), N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) (0.19 mL; 1.2        mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin, the mixture shaken        for 24 h at room temperature, emptied and the resin washed with        DMA (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in        DMA (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution emptied, fresh 50%        morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture shaken for        another 20 min. The solution was emptied and the resin washed        with DMA (5×7 mL). Fmoc-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid (0.79 g;        1.2 mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL; 1.2 mmol) and        DMA (7 mL) were added to the resin. The mixture was shaken for 3        h at room temperature, emptied and the resin washed with DMA        (5×7 mL). The resin was then shaken with 50% morpholine in DMA        (7 mL) for 10 min, the solution filtered, fresh 50% morpholine        in DMA (7 mL) was added and the mixture shaken for another 20        min. The solution was filtered and the resin washed with DMA        (5×7 mL) 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic        acid tris(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester adduct with NaCl (0.79 g; 1.2        mmol), HOBt (0.18 g; 1.2 mmol), DIC (0.19 mL: 1.2 mmol),        N-ethyldiisopropylamine (0.40 mL; 2.4 mmol) and DMA (7 mL) were        added to the resin. The mixture was shaken for 24 h at room        temperature, filtered and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL),        CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a        flask with Reagent B (25 mL) (2) for 4.5 h. The resin was        filtered and the solution was evaporated under reduced pressure        to afford an oily crude that after treatment with Et₂O (20 mL)        gave a precipitate. The precipitate was collected by        centrifugation and washed with Et₂O (3×20 mL) to give a solid        (248 mg) which was analysed by HPLC. An amount of crude (50 mg)        was purified by preparative HPLC. The fractions containing the        product were lyophilised to give L69 (6.5 mg; 3.5×10⁻³ mmol)        (FIG. 49B) as a white solid. Yield 5.8%.

Example LVIII FIG. 50 Synthesis of L144

Summary: Rink amide resin functionalised with the octapeptideGln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH₂ (BBN[7-14]) (SEQ ID NO: 1) (A) wasreacted with 4-[2-hydroxy-3-[4,7,10-tris[2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]propoxy]benzoicacid. After cleavage and deprotection with Reagent B (2) the crude waspurified by preparative HPLC to give L144. Overall yield: 12%.

A.N-[4-[2-Hydroxy-3-[4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]propoxy]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,L144 (FIG. 50)

-   -   Resin A (0.4 g; 0.24 mmol) was shaken in a solid phase peptide        synthesis vessel with 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) for 10 min,        the solution filtered and fresh 50% morpholine in DMA (7 mL) was        added. The suspension was stirred for another 20 min then the        solution was filtered and the resin washed with DMA (5×7 mL).        4-[2-Hydroxy-3-[4,7,10-tris[2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-1-yl]propoxy]benzoic        acid B (0.5 g; 0.7 mmol), HOBt (0.11 g; 0.7 mmol), DIC (0.11 mL;        0.7 mmol)), N-ethyldiisopropylamine (0.24 mL; 1.4 mmol) and DMA        (7 mL) were added to the resin. The mixture was shaken for 24 h        at room temperature, emptied and the resin washed with DMA (5×7        mL), CH₂Cl₂ (5×7 mL) and vacuum dried. The resin was shaken in a        flask with Reagent B (25 mL) (2) for 4.5 h. The resin was        filtered and the solution was evaporated under reduced pressure        to afford an oily crude that after treatment with Et₂O (20 mL)        gave a precipitate. The precipitate was collected by        centrifugation and washed with Et₂O (3×20 mL) to give a solid        (240 mg) which was analysed by HPLC. An amount of crude (60 mg)        was purified by preparative HPLC. The fractions containing the        product were lyophilised to give L144 (10.5 mg; 7.2×10⁻³ mmol)        as a white solid. Yield 12%.

Example LIX Preparation of L300 and ¹⁷⁷Lu-L300

From 0.2 g of Rink amide Novagel resin (0.63 mmol/g, 0.126 mmol), L300(0.033 g, 17%) was obtained after preparative column chromatography. Theretention time was 6.66 minutes. The molecular formula is C₇₂H₉₉N₁₉O₁₈.The calculated molecular weight is 1518.71; 1519.6 observed. Thesequence is DO3A-Gly-Abz4-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Phe-Leu-NH₂, whereinGln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Phe-Leu-NH₂ (i.e., QWAVGHFL-NH₂) is SEQ ID NO:22. The structure of L300 is shown in FIG. 51.

L300 (13.9 μg in 13.9 μL of 0.2M pH 4.8 sodium acetate buffer) was mixedwith 150 μL of 0.2M pH 4.8 sodium acetate buffer and 4 μL of ¹⁷⁷LuCl₃(1.136 mCi, Missouri Research Reactor). After 10 min at 100° C., theradiochemical purity (RCP) was 95%. The product was purified on a VydacC18 peptide column (4.6×250 mm, 5 um pore size) eluted at a flow rate of1 mL/min using an aqueous/organic gradient of 0.1% TFA in water (A) and0.085% TFA in acetonitrile (B). The following gradient was used:isocratic 22% B for 30 min, to 60% B in 5 min, hold at 60% B for 5 min.The compound, which eluted at a retention time of 18.8 min., wascollected into 1 mL of an 0.8% human serum albumin solution that wasprepared by adding HSA to a 9:1 mixture of normal saline and AscorbicAcid, Injection. Acetonitrile was removed using a Speed Vacuum (Savant).After purification, the compound had an RCP of 100%.

Example LX Characterization of Linker Specificity in Relation to GRPReceptor Subtypes

Two cell lines, C6, an NMB-R expressing rodent glioblastoma cell lineand PC3, a GRP-R expressing human prostate cancer cell line, were usedin this assay. The affinity of various unlabeled compounds for eachreceptor subtype (NMB-R and GRP-R) was determined indirectly bymeasuring its ability to compete with the binding of ¹²⁵I-NMB or¹²⁵I-BBN to its corresponding receptors in C6 and PC3 cells.

A. Materials and Methods:

1. Cell Culture:

-   -   C6 cells were obtained from ATCC(CCL-107) and cultured in F12K        media (ATCC) supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 1.5 g/L Sodium        bicarbonate, 15% horse serum and 2.5% FBS. Cells for the assays        were plated at a concentration of 9.6×10⁴/well in 48 well        poly-lysine coated plates (Beckton Dickinson Biocoat). PC3 were        obtained from ATCC(CRL-1435) and cultured in RPMI 1640 (ATCC)        supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 1.5 g/L Sodium bicarbonate,        10 mM HEPES and 10% FBS. Both cultures were maintained in a        humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂/95% air at 37° C. PC3        cells for the assays were plated at a concentration of 2.0×10⁴        cells/well in 96-well white/clear bottom plates (Falcon        Optilux-1). Plates were used for the assays on day 2 of the        post-plating.

2. Binding buffer and radio-ligands:

-   -   RPMI 1640 (ATCC) containing 25 mM HEPES, 0.2% BSA fraction V,        1.0 mMAEBSF (CAS # 3087-99-7) and 0.1% Bacitracin (CAS #        1405-87-4), pH 7.4.        -   Custom made ¹²⁵1-[Tyr⁰]NMB, >2.0 Ci/μmole (Amersham Life            Science) [¹²⁵I-NMB] and commercially available            ¹²⁵¹-[Tyr⁴]BBN, >2.0 Ci/μmole (Perkin Elmer Life Science)            [¹²⁵I-BBN] were used as radioligands.

B. In vitro Assay:

-   -   Using a 48-well plate assay system (for C6 study) competition        experiments were performed using ¹²⁵I-NMB. All of the PC3        studies were performed as described in Example XLIII using        125]-BBN. Selection of compounds for the assay was based on        linker subtype. Results are shown in Table 9.

TABLE 9 Number of selected compounds for the assay and their linkersNUMBER OF LINKER TYPE COMPOUNDS Neutral, Basic or combination ofneutral, basic & acidic 8 Linear aliphatic (ω-aminoalkanoic & 4ω-aminoalkoxynoic acid Bile acids (cholic acids) 3 Substituted alanine(cycloalkyl, aromatic and 5 heteroaromatic) Aromatic (aminobenzoic acidand aminoalkyl 12 benzoic acid, biphenyl) Cyclic non-aromatic 5Heterocyclic (aromatic and non-aromatic) 5 Miscellaneous (DOTA-NMB,DOTA-G-Abz4-NMB, 6 DOTA-Abz4-G-NMB, BBN₇₋₁₄, BBN₈₋₁₄, DOTA-BBN₇₋₁₄)

The binding parameters obtained from the studies were analyzed using aone-site competition non-linear regression analysis with GraphPad Prism.The relative affinity of various compounds for NMB-R in C6 cells werecompared with those obtained using commercially available [Tyr⁴]-BBN and[Tyr⁰]-NMB. To distinguish the GRP-R preferring compounds from NMB-Rplus GRP-R preferring compounds, IC₅₀ values obtained for each compoundwas compared with those obtained from [Tyr⁰]-BBN with ¹²⁵I-NMB on C6cells. The cut off point between the two classes of compounds was takenas 10× the IC₅₀ of [Tyr⁴]-BBN. Among the compounds tested, 8 compoundspreferentially bind to GRP-R (as shown in Table 10) while 32 compoundsbind to both GRP-R and NMB-R with similar affinity, and two showpreference for NMB-R.

TABLE 10 The IC₅₀ values obtained from competition experiments using125I-NMB and 125I-BBN IC₅₀ (nM) ¹²⁵I-BBN/ ¹²⁵I-NMB/ GRP-R & L # COMPOUNDPC3 C6 GRP-R NMB-R na N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser- 10 10.4 — yesCys(Acm)-Gly-SS- QWAVGHLM-NH₂* na N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser- 25 7.9 — yesCys(Acm)-Gly-G- QWAVGHLM-NH₂* na N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser- 48 20.2 — yesCys(Acm)-Gly-GG- QWAVGHLM-NH₂* na N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser- 13 6.4 — yesCys(Acm)-Gly-KK- QWAVGHLM-NH₂* na N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser- 2 2.2 — yesCys(Acm)-Gly-SK- QWAVGHLM-NH₂* na N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser- 1.9 2.0 — yesCys(Acm)-Gly-SR- QWAVGHLM-NH₂* na N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser- 7.5 24.1 yes— Cys(Acm)-Gly-KS- QWAVGHLM-NH₂* na N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser- 32 60.0 yes— Cys(Acm)-Gly-KE- QWAVGHLM-NH₂* na DO3A-monoamide-Aoc- 3.4 3.1 — yesQWAVGHLM-NH₂* na DO3A-monoamide-Apa3- 36 18.9 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* naDO3A-monoamide-Abu4- 19.8 5.2 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L3N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser- 70 33 — yes Cys(Acm)-Gly-DJ- QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L64DO3A-monoamide-G-Adca3- 8.5 3.3 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L63DO3A-monoamide-G-Ah12ca- 23 3.8 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L67DO3A-monoamide-G-Akca- 5.5 2.3 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* naDO3A-monoamide-Cha-Cha- 22 77 yes — QWAVGHLM-NH₂* naDO3A-monoamide-Nal1-Bip- 30 210.9 yes — QWAVGHLM-NH₂* naDO3A-monoamide-Cha-Nal1- 8 66.5 yes — QWAVGHLM-NH₂* naDO3A-monoamide-Nal1-Bpa4- 17 89.9 yes — QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L301DO3A-monoamide-Amb4- 10 6.8 yes Nal1-QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L147DO3A-monoamide-G- 4 32 yes — Mo3abz4-QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L241DO3A-monoamide-G- 4 0.8 — yes Cl3abz4QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L242DO3A-monoamide-G-M3abz4- 5 2.2 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L243DO3A-monoamide-G- 14 9.9 — yes Ho3abz4-QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L202DO3A-monoamide-G-Hybz4- 13 2.7 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L204DO3A-monoamide-Abz4-G- 50 1.2 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L233DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz3- 4.8 1.6 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L235DO3A-monoamide-G-Nmabz4- 7 1.5 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L147DO3A-monoamide-Mo3amb4- 3.5 1.2 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L71DO3A-monoamide-Amb4- 7.2 0.2 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L73DO3A-monoamide-Aeb4- 5 1.8 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L208DO3A-monoamide-Dae-Tpa- 8 0.9 — yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L206 DO3A-monoamide-G-5 1.3 — yes A4m2biphc4- QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L207 DO3A-monoamide-G- 3 15.1 —yes A3biphc3- QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L72 DO3A-monoamide-Amc4- 8.2 2.6 — yesQWAVGHLM-NH₂* L107 DO3A-monoamide-Amc4- 5 0.3 — yes Amc4- QWAVGHLM-NH₂*L89 DO3A-monoamide-Aepa4- 23 114 yes — QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L28N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser- 25 13 — yes Cys(Acm)-Gly-Aepa4-S- QWAVGHLM-NH₂*L74 DO3A-monoamide-G-Inp- 6.5 3.4 — Yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* L36N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser- 7 12.1 — Yes Cys(Acm)-Gly-Pia1-J- QWAVGHLM-NH₂*L82 DO3A-monoamide-Ckbp- 8 1.7 — Yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* naDO3A-monoamide-Aoc- 11 14 — Yes QWAVGHL-Nle-NH₂* L70DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4- 4.5 1.5 — Yes QWAVGHLM-NH₂* na DO3A-monoamide-366 >250 No selective QWAVGHLM-NH₂* preference na QWAVGHLM-NH₂* 369 754No selective preference na WAVGHLM-NH₂ >800 >800 No selective (SEQ IDNO: 25) preference L204 DO3A-monoamide-Abz4-G- >50 1.2 preference toNMB-R QWAVGHLM-NH₂* na GNLWATGHFM-NH₂ >500 0.7 preference to NMB-R (SEQID NO: 24) L227 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4- 28 0.8 — Yes LWATGHFM-NH₂ whereinLWATGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 16 *QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is the sequence BBN(7-14)which is SEQ ID NO: 1In the above Table “na” indicates “not applicable” (e.g. the compounddoes not contain a linker of the invention and thus was not assigned anL#).

Based on the above, several results were observed. The receptor bindingregion alone (BBN₇₋₁₄ or BBN₈₋₁₄) did not show any preference to GRP-Ror NMB-R. The addition of a chelator alone to the receptor bindingregion did not contribute to the affinity of the peptide to GRP-R orNMB-R (DO3A-monoamide-QWAVGHLM-NH₂, wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is theBBN(7-14) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1). Coupling the chelator to the peptidethrough a linker did contribute to the affinity of the peptide towardsthe receptor. However, depending on the type of linker this affinityvaried from being dual (preference for both NMB-R and GRP-R) to GRP-R(preferring GRP-R). In the above paragraph, QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is theBBN(7-14) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1).

The ω-Aminoalkanoic acids tested (8-Aminooctanoic acid in¹⁷⁵Lu-DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ andDO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHL-Nle-NH₂, 3-aminopropionic acid inDO3A-monoamide-Apa3-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ and 4-aminobutanoic acid inDO3A-monoamide-Abu4-QWAVGHLM-NH₂) as linkers, conferred the peptide withdual affinity for both GRP-R and NMB-R. Replacement of ‘Met’ in¹⁷⁵Lu-DOTA-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ by ‘Nle’ did not change this dual affinityof the peptide. In the above paragraph, QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is the BBN(7-14)sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1).

Cholic acid containing linkers (3-aminocholic acid in L64,3-amino-12-hydroxycholanic in L63 and 3-amino-12-ketocholanic in L67conferred the peptides with dual affinity for both GRP-R and NMB-R.Cycloalkyl and aromatic substituted alanine containing linkers(3-cyclohexylalanine in DO3A-monoamide-Cha-Cha-QWAVGHLM-NH₂,1-Naphthylalanine in DO3A-monoamide-Cha-Na11-QWAVGHLM-NH₂,4-Benzoylphenylalanine in DO3A-monoamide-Na11-Bpa4-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ andBiphenylalanine in DO3A-monoamide-Na11-Bip-QWAVGHLM-NH₂) imparted thepeptides with selective affinity towards GRP-R. A linker containing only4-(2-Aminoethylpiperazine)-1 also contributed to the peptides with GRP-Rselectivity (L89). In the above paragraph, QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is the BBN(7-14)sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1).

Introduction of G-4-amino benzoic acid linker to NMB sequence conferredthe compound with an affinity to GRP-R in addition to its inherent NMB-Raffinity (L227 vs GNLWATGHFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 24). Shifting the positionof Gly around the linker altered the affinity of L70 from its dualaffinity to a selective affinity to NMB-R (L204). 3-methoxy substitutionin 4-aminobenzoic acid in L70 (as in L240) changed the dual affinity toa selective affinity to GRP-R.

It is apparent from the preceding data that the linker has a significanteffect on the receptor subtype specificity. Three groups of compoundscan be identified:

Those that are active at the GRP-R

-   -   These compounds provide information specific to this receptor in        vitro and in vivo, which can be used for diagnostic purposes.        When these compounds are radiolabeled with a therapeutic        radionuclide, therapy can be performed on tissues containing        only this receptor, sparing those that contain the NMB-R

Those that are active at the NMB-R

-   -   These compounds provide information specific to this receptor in        vitro and in vivo, which can be used for diagnostic purposes.        When radiolabeled with a therapeutic radionuclide, therapy can        be performed on tissues containing only this receptor, sparing        those that contain the GRP-R

Those that are active at both the GRP-R and the NMB-R

-   -   These compounds provide information on the combined presence of        these two receptor subtypes in vitro and in vivo, that can be        used for diagnostic purposes. Targeting both receptors may        increase the sensitivity of the examination at the expense of        specificity. When these compounds are radiolabeled with a        therapeutic radionuclide, therapy can be performed on tissues        containing both receptors, which may increase the dose delivered        to the desired tissues.

Example LXI Competition Studies of MODIFIED BOMbesin (BBN) Analogs with¹²⁵I-BBN for GRP-R in Human Prostate Cancer (PC3) Cells

To determine the effect of replacing certain amino acids in the BBN 7-14analogs, peptides modified in the targeting portion were made andassayed for competitive binding to GRP-R in human prostate cancer (PC3)cells. All these peptides have a common linker conjugated to a metalchelating moiety (DOTA-Gly-Abz4-). The binding data (IC₅₀ nM) are givenbelow in Table 13.

A. Materials and Methods:

1. Cell Culture:

-   -   PC3 cell lines were obtained from ATCC(CRL-1435) and cultured in        RPMI 1640 (ATCC) supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 1.5 g/L        Sodium bicarbonate, 10 mM HEPES and 10% FBS. Cultures were        maintained in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO₂/95% air        at 37° C. PC3 cells for the assays were plated at a        concentration of 2.0×10⁴ cells/well in a 96-well white/clear        bottom plates (Falcon Optilux-1). Plates were used for the        assays on day 2 of the post-plating.

2. Binding Buffer:

-   -   RPMI 1640 (ATCC) containing 25 mM HEPES, 0.2% BSA fraction V,        1.0 mM AEBSF (CAS # 3087-99-7) and 0.1% Bacitracin (CAS #        1405-87-4), pH 7.4.

3. ¹²⁵I-Tyr⁴-Bombesin [¹²⁵I-BBN]

-   -   ¹²⁵I-BBN (Cat # NEX258) was obtained from PerkinElmer Life        Sciences.

C. In Vitro Assay:

-   -   Competition assay with ¹²⁵I-BBN for GRP-R in PC3 cells:    -   All compounds tested were dissolved in binding buffer and        appropriate dilutions were also done in binding buffer. PC3        cells for assay were seeded at a concentration of 2.0×10⁴/well        either in 96-well black/clear collagen I cellware plates        (Beckton Dickinson Biocoat). Plates were used for binding        studies on day 2 post-plating. The plates were checked for        confluency (>90% confluent) prior to assay. For competition        assay, N,N-dimethylglycyl-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Ava5-QWAVGHLM-NH₂,        wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is the BBN(7-14) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1)        (control) or other competitors at concentrations ranging from        1.25×10⁻⁹ M to 500×10⁻⁹ M, was co-incubated with ¹²⁵I-BBN        (25,000 cpm/well). The studies were conducted with an assay        volume of 75 μL per well. Triplicate wells were used for each        data point. After the addition of the appropriate solutions,        plates were incubated for 1 hour at 4° C. Incubation was ended        by the addition of 200 μL of ice-cold incubation buffer. Plates        were washed 5 times and blotted dry. Radioactivity was detected        using either a LKB CompuGamma counter or a microplate        scintillation counter. The bound radioactivity of ¹²⁵I-BBN was        plotted against the inhibition concentrations of the        competitors, and the concentration at which ¹²⁵I-BBN binding was        inhibited by 50% (IC₅₀) was obtained from the binding curve.

TABLE 13 Competition studies with ¹²⁵I-BBN for GRP-R in PC3 cells L #PEPTIDES IC₅₀ [nM] Ref Na N,N-dimethylglycyl-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Ava5- 2.5QWAVGHLM-NH₂*  1 L70 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-QWAVGHLM-NH₂* 4.5  2 L214DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-fQWAVGHLM-NH₂* 18  3 L215DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ 6 (wherein QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ isSEQ ID NO: 3)  4 L216 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ 4.5(wherein QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4)  5 L217DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ 10 (wherein QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ isSEQ ID NO: 5)  6 L218 >EQ-[K(DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4)-LGNQWAVGHLM- 53 NH₂(wherein LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 18)  7 L219DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-fQWAVGHLM-NH-C₅H₁₂ 75 (wherein QWAVGHLM-NH-C₅H₁₂is SEQ ID NO: 21)  8 L220 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-QWAVaHLM-NH₂ (wherein 13QWAVaHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 14)  9 L221DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-fQWAVGHLL-NH₂ (wherein 340 QWAVGHLL-NH₂ is SEQ IDNO: 8) 10 L222 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-yQWAV-Ala2-HF-Nle-NH₂ 46 (whereinQWAV-Ala2-HF-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 23) 11 L223DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-fQWAV-Ala2-HF-Nle-NH₂ 52 (whereinQWAV-Ala2-HF-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 23) 12 L224DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-QWAGHFL-NH₂ (wherein >500 QWAGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ IDNO: 10) 13 L225 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-LWAVGSFM-NH₂ (wherein 240LWAVGSFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 11) 14 L226DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-HWAVGHLM-NH₂ (wherein 5.5 HWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ IDNO: 12) 15 L227 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-LWATGHFM-NH₂ (wherein 39LWATGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 16) 16 L228DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-QWAVGHFM-NH₂ (wherein 5.5 QWAVGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ IDNO: 13) 17 na GNLWATGHFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 24) >500 18 na yGNLWATGHFM-NH₂(wherein GNLWATGHFM-NH₂ is 450 SEQ ID NO: 24) 19 L300DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-QWAVGHFL-NH₂ (wherein 2.5 QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ IDNO: 22) *QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is the BBN(7-14) sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1)

Results/Conclusions: Analysis of the binding results of various peptidesmodified in the targeting portion indicated the following:

Neuromedin analogs (GNLWATGHFM-NH₂, yGNLWATGHFM-NH₂ whereinGNLWATGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 24) are unable to compete for the GRP-Rexcept when conjugated to DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4 (L227). They are,however, effective NMB competitors. This is similar to the requirementfor derivatisation of the amino end of the bombesin sequence asreflected in QWAVGHLM-NH₂, DO3A-monoamide-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ (whereinQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is the BBN(7-14) sequence SEQ ID NO: 1) & L70. Replacementof the histidine (L225) reduces competition at the GRP-R.

Reversal of the two linker components in L70 to give L204 changes thesubtype specificity to favor the NMB subtype. L¹³F substitution in thebombesin sequence maintains GRP-R activity. (L228).

TABLE 14 IC₅₀ L Number Sequence C6/NMB-R PC3/GRP-R na GNLWATGHFM-NH₂0.69 >500 (SEQ ID NO: 24) na yGNLWATGHFM-NH₂ 0.16 884.6 (whereinGNLWATGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 24) L227 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-LWATGHFM-0.07 28.0 NH₂ (wherein LWATGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 16) L225DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-LWAVGSFM- — 240 NH₂ (wherein LWAVGSFM-NH₂ is SEQID NO: 11) na WAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 25) >800 >800 na QWAVGHLM-NH₂* 369754 na DO3A-monoamide-QWAVGHLM-NH₂* 161 366 L70DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-QWAVGHLM- 4.5 1.5 NH₂* L204DO3A-monoamide-Abz4-GQWAVGHLM- 1.19 >50 NH₂ (wherein GQWAVGHLM-NH₂ isSEQ ID NO: 19) L228 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-QWAVGHFM- — 5.5 NH₂ whereinQWAVGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 13) *QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is the BBN(7-14) sequence(SEQ ID NO: 1)

As seen here, F¹³M¹⁴ to F¹³L¹⁴ substitution in L228 produces a compound(L300) with high activity at the GRP-R. The removal of the methioninehas advantages as it is prone to oxidation. This benefit does not occurif the L¹³F substitution is not also performed (L221). Removal of V¹⁰resulted in complete loss of binding as seen in L224.

TABLE 15 IC50 Number Sequence C6/NMB-R PC3/GRP-R L300DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-QWAVGHFL- — 2.5 NH₂ (wherein QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQID NO: 22) L221 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-fQWAVGHLL- — 340 NH₂ (whereinQWAVGHLL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 8) L224 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-QWAGHFL-NH₂— >500 (wherein QWAGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 10)

TABLE 16 IC50 Number Sequence C6/NMB-R PC3/GRP-R na pEQRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂(SEQ ID NO: 3.36 2.2 28) L214 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-fQWAVGHLM- — 18 NH₂*L215 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4- — 6 QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ (whereinQRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 3) L216 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4- — 4.5QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ (wherein QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4) L217DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4- — 10 QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ (wherein QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂is SEQ ID NO: 5) L226 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4-HWAVGHLM- — 5.5 NH₂ (whereinHWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 12) *QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is the BBN(7-14) sequence(SEQ ID NO: 1) As seen in Table 16, various substitutions are allowed inthe BBN²⁻⁶ region (L214-L217, L226)

TABLE 17 IC50 Name Number Sequence C6/NMB-R PC3/GRP-R Universal agonistL222 DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4- — 46 yQWAV-Ala2-HF-Nle-NH₂ (whereinQWAV-Ala2-HF- Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 23) Universal agonist L224DO3A-monoamide-G-Abz4- — 52 fQWAV-Ala2-HF-Nle-NH₂ (wherein QWAV-Ala2-HF-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 23) As expected, results from Table 17 show thatthe universal agonists (L222 & L223) compete reasonably well at ~50 nMlevel.

Example LXI NMR Structural Comparison of ¹⁷⁵Lu-L70 and¹⁷⁵Lu-DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂

The purpose of this NMR study was to provide complete structuralcharacterization of Lu-L70 and compare it to the structure of¹⁷⁵Lu-DOTA-Aoc-QWAVGHLM. L70 and ¹⁷⁵Lu-DOTA-Aoc-QWAVGHLM are bothbombesin analogues (see FIGS. 60 and 61), differing only in the linkerbetween the chelating group and the targeting peptide. In L70 there is aglycyl-4-aminobenzoyl group, whereas in ¹⁷⁵Lu-DOTA-Aoc-QWAVGHLM there isan 8-aminooctanoyl group. However, the biological data of these twocompounds is strikingly different. Detailed NMR studies were performedto explain this difference.

A. Experimental

1. Materials

5mg of ¹⁷⁵Lu-DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ was dissolved in 225 uL ofDMSO-d₆ (Aldrich 100% atom % D).

5 mg of ¹⁷⁵Lu-L70 was dissolved in 225 μL of DMSO-d₆ (Aldrich 100% atom% D).

2. Acquisition of NMR Data

All NMR experiments were performed on a Varian Inova-500 FourierTransform

NMR spectrometer equipped with a 3 mm broad-band inverse (z-axisgradient) probe. The chemical shifts were referenced to the residual CHpeaks of DMSO-d₆ at 2.50 ppm for the proton and 40.19 ppm for ¹³C. Thesample temperatures were controlled by a Varian digital temperaturecontroller. The data were processed using NMRPipe, VNMR, PROSA, andVNMRJ software on the Sun Blade 2000 Unix computer and analyzed usingNMRView and SPARKY software on the Linux computer. The modeling of thepeptides was performed employing CYANA software on the Linux computerand further analyzed using MOLMOL software on a Compaq DeskproWorkstation.

B. Results and Discussion

The proton chemical shifts of ¹⁷⁵Lu-L70 were assigned as follows. Aquick survey of the methyl region (0.5 to 2.5 ppm) in the ID spectrumallowed the identification of a sharp singlet at 2.02 ppm as the methylpeak of methionine. In the same region of the TOCSY spectrum, thechemical shift at 1.16 ppm which correlates to only one peak at 4.32 ppmindicates that they belong to alanine. The methyl peaks at 0.84 and 0.85ppm which correlate to two peaks at 1.98 and 4.12 ppm must belong tovaline. The remaining methyl peaks at 0.84 and 0.88 ppm which correlateto peaks at 1.60, 1.48, and 4.23 ppm belong to leucine. These chemicalshifts and the chemical shifts of other amino acids are also present inthe “fingerprint” region (see Wuthrich, K. “NMR of Proteins and NucleicAcids”, John Wiley & Sons, 1986)—the backbone NH-αH region of the TOCSYspectrum (see FIG. 52). All the chemical shifts belonging to a spinsystem of an amino acid will align themselves vertically. After acareful examination of the spectrum, all chemical shifts were assigned.The chemical shifts were further verified by reviewing other spectrasuch as COSY (see FIG. 53) and NOESY (see FIG. 54). After the protonchemical shifts were assigned, their carbon chemical shifts wereidentified through the gHSQC spectrum (see FIG. 55) and further verifiedby reviewing the gHMBC (see FIG. 56) and gHSQCTOCSY (see FIG. 57)spectra. The chemical shifts of Lu-L70 are listed in Table 19 (the atomnumbers are referenced to FIG. 60).

Interestingly, in the TOCSY spectrum of ¹⁷⁵Lu-L70, the chemical shift ofthe NH proton at 14.15 ppm shows strong correlations to two other peaksof the histidine ring, and also to a water molecule. This water moleculeis not freely exchanging and is clearly seen in the NMR timeframe. Tosee which proton of the histidine interacts more strongly with the watermolecule, a selective homo-decoupling experiment was performed on the¹⁷⁵Lu-L70 at 15° C. When the water peak was selectively saturated with alow power, the intensities of the NH peaks of histidine at 14.16 and14.23 ppm were dramatically reduced while the intensities of the tworemaining peaks of histidine at 7.32 and 8.90 ppm were partially reduced(see FIG. 58). The observation of the water protons on the NMR timescale suggests a rigid confirmation.

A proposed chemical structure of ¹⁷⁵Lu-L70 with a water molecule can beseen in FIG. 62. A water molecule occupies a ninth coordination site bycapping the square plane described by the coordinated oxygens. This hasother precedents. Coordination of water at the ninth site of Lu inNa[Lu(DOTA)H₂O)].4H₂O was observed in an x-ray structure, as shown byAime et al, Inorg. Chim. Acta 1996, 246, 423-429, which is incorporatedby reference.

In contrast, in the TOCSY spectrum of¹⁷⁵Lu-DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂, the chemical shift of the NHproton only shows strong correlations to two other peaks of thehistidine ring, but not to the water molecule (see FIG. 59). Thisindicates that there is no water molecule simultaneously coordinatingboth the ¹⁷⁵Lu and the His-NH in ¹⁷⁵Lu-DO3A-monoamide-Aoc-QWAVGHLM-NH₂.Thus, the difference between the two molecules is significant. In the¹⁷⁵Lu-L70 a secondary structure of the peptide is stabilized via thebound water molecule, and this may be responsible for increased in vivostability.

TABLE 19 Chemical Shifts (ppm) of ¹⁷⁵Lu-L70 in DMSO-d₆ at 25° C.Position Chemical Shift Assignment Proton (Carbon)  2/12 —  3/11 — 5/9 —6/8 — 13 — 15 — 20 — 17 3.69/3.62 22 9.95/9.73 23 4.04/4.16 (43.57) 2610.47  28/32 7.62 (118.9) 29/31 7.79 (128.7)  35a 8.54 36 4.29 (54.26)39 1.83/1.91 (27.26) 40 2.16 (32.08) 47 6.84/7.30 43 7.97 44 4.54(53.37) 48 2.98/3.12 (27.74) 50 7.12 (123.9) 51 10.79  53 7.53 (118.7)54 6.93 (118.6) 55 7.03 (121.3) 56 7.28 (111.7) 58 8.09 59 4.32 (48.71)62 1.16 (17.86) 63 7.65 64 4.12 (58.28) 67 1.98 (30.96) 68/73 0.84(18.42) 0.85 (19.52) 69 8.19 70 3.70/3.74 (42.45) 74 8.10 75 4.60(51.85) 78 2.95/3.08 (27.50) 80 14.15  81 8.91 83 7.32 84 8.14 85 4.23(51.93) 86 1.48 (40.6)  87 1.60 (24.61) 88/91 0.84 (21.8)  0.88 (23.41)92 8.04 93 4.25 (52.25) 96 1.76/1.92 (32.16) 97 2.41 (29.91) 99 2.02(15.13)

Example LXII Synthesis of L500 FIG. 64

The compound L500 was prepared as illustrated in FIG. 64. Specifically,diisopropylethylamine (150 μL) was added to a cooled solution of theacid A (0.19 g, 0.3 mmol) and HATU (0.12 g, 0.32 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) andstirred for 5 min. Purified peptide B (0.11 g, 0.1 mmol) was then addedto the reaction mixture and stirred for 18 h. DMF was removed and theoil obtained was dissolved in a mixture of DMF/CH₃CN and purified bypreparative HPLC. Pure fractions containing the tetra-t-butyl ester werecollected and freeze dried to give the tetra-t-butyl ester as a whitesolid. Yield 80 mg (32%). Tetra-t-butyl ester obtained was dissolved inreagent B and stirred for 8 h. TFA was removed and the resulting pastysolid was purified by HPLC using CH₃CN/Water/0.1% TFA. Pure fractionswere collected and freeze dried to give L500 as a white solid. Yield 23mg (38%) MS: 1515.7 (M−H), 757.4 (M−2H)/2.

Example LXIII Synthesis of L501 FIG. 65

The compound L501 was prepared as illustrated in FIG. 65.Diisopropylethylamine (150 μL) was added to a cooled mixture of A (0.278g, 0.4 mmol) and HATU (0.152 g, 0.4 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) and stirred for5 min. Purified peptide B (0.12 g.0.11 mmol) was added to the reactionmixture and stirred for 18 h. DMF was removed and the oil obtained wasdissolved in a mixture of DMF/CH₃CN and purified by preparative HPLC.Pure fractions containing the tetra-t-butyl ester were collected andfreeze dried to give the tetra t-butylester. Yield 62 mg (32%). Tetrat-butyl ester (36.0 mg, 0.02 mmol) was dissolved in reagent B andstirred for 8 h. TFA was removed and the resulting thick oil waspurified by HPLC using CH₃CN/Water/0.1% TFA. Pure fractions werecollected and freeze dried to give L501 as a white solid. Yield 12 mg(38%). MS: 1569.7 (M−H), 784.4 (M−2H/2), 803.3 (M+K−2H)/2.

Example LXIV Radiolabeling (¹⁷⁷Lu) and Biodistribution of L500 and L501Radiolabeling and HPLC Analysis of ¹⁷⁷Lu-Complexes of L500 and L501Radiolabeling Procedure:

Typically, a 1 mg/mL solution of ligand was prepared in 0.2 M sodiumacetate buffer (pH 4.8). An aliquot of this solution (2 to 5 μL) and 6to 10 mCi of ¹⁷⁷LuCl₃ (in 0.05 N HCl, specific activity 2.8-4.09Ci/μmol) were added to 100 to 200 μL of 0.2 M, pH 4.8 NaOAc buffer toachieve a ligand to Lu molar ratio of 2:1. After incubation at roomtemperature for 5 min, 10 μL of 10 mM Na₂EDTA.2H₂O was added toterminate the reaction and scavenge any remaining free ¹⁷⁷Lu in thesolution. A 9:1 (v/v) mixture of Bacteriostatic 0.9% Sodium ChlorideInjection USP/ASCOR L500® Ascorbic Acid Injection USP (0.2 mL) was thenadded to inhibit radiolysis of the resulting radiocomplex. Theradiochemical purity (RCP) was determined by HPLC. Complete coordinationof Lu-177 was observed within 5 min of incubation at room temperaturefor all the tested ligands.

Radiolabeled Complex Prepared for In Vivo Biodistribution Studies:

For biodistribution studies, the radiolabeled compounds were prepared asdescribed above except that a 1:1 molar ratio of ligand to Lutetium wasused to guarantee complete chelation of all starting ligand. The HPLCpeak containing the resulting ¹⁷⁷Lu complex was collected in 1 mL of 9:1Bacteriostatic saline/ASCOR L500® solution containing 0.1% HSA, and theorganic solvents were removed using a speed-vacuum device. The remainingsolution was further diluted to the required radioconcentration usingBacteriostatic saline/ASCOR L500® Ascorbic Acid Injection USP mixed in a9 to 1 [v/v]) ratio. The radiochemical purity of all samples was ≧95%.

HPLC analysis: All HPLC studies were performed at a flow rate of 1.5mL/min using a column temperature of 37° C.

1. ¹⁷⁷Lu-L500

HPLC column: Zorbax Bonus-RP, 5 μm, 80 Å pore size, 250 mm×4.6 mm(Agilent).Mobile phase: The following gradient was used, where A=water; B=watercontaining 30 mM (NH₄)₂SO₄; C=methanol; D=acetonitrile

TABLE 20 A (%) B (%) C (%) D (%) 0-2 min   70 30 0 0 15 min 36 30 16 1630 min 30 30 20 20 35-40 min   0 30 35 35 45 min 70 30 0 0 55 min 70 300 0 Retention time: ¹⁷⁷Lu-L500 = 25.5 min.

2. ¹⁷⁷Lu-L501

HPLC column: Zorbax Bonus-RP, 5 μm, 80 Å pore, 250 mm×4.6 mm (Agilent).Mobile phase: The following gradient was used, where A=water; B=watercontaining 30 mM (NH₄)₂SO₄; C=methanol; D=acetonitrile.

TABLE 21 A (%) B (%) C (%) D (%) 0-2 min   70 30 0 0 15 min 32 30 19 1930 min 28 30 21 21 35-40 min   0 30 35 35 45 min 70 30 0 0 55 min 70 300 0 Retention time: ¹⁷⁷Lu-L501 = 23.1 min.

Biodistribution Studies:

The tumor targeting capacity, biodistribution and kinetics of¹⁷⁷Lu-L500, ¹⁷⁷Lu-XX100, ¹⁷⁷Lu-L501 and ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 were evaluated in thehuman PC-3 nude mouse model. 10-50 μCi of the HPLC purified compoundswere administered to each mouse by i.v. tail vein injection, n=4 pergroup. At 1 h, 1 and 7 days post injection, the mice were terminated andthe organs and tissues were harvested. Radioactivity was assayed in agamma counter. The data was expressed as percentage of the totaladministered radioactivity (% ID) for the urine combined with thebladder, as well as for the blood pool; and percentage of the totaladministered radioactivity per gram (% ID/g) for all the other testedorgans.

TABLE 22 Tumor Tumor Tumor Blood Blood Blood Urine/ Femur Carcass 1 h %24 h % 7 d 1 h 24 h 7 d Blad 1 h 7 d 7 d Cmpd ID/g ID/g % ID/g % ID % ID% ID % ID % ID/g % ID/g XX100 0.47 ± .21  0.03 ± 0.01  0.01 ± 0.00* 0.39± 0.29 0.01 ± 0.01  0.00 ± 0.00* 53.9 ± 30.6  0.19 ± 0.04*  0.38 ± 0.02*L500 4.49 ± 1.72 1.89 ± 0.55 0.49 ± 0.13 0.39 ± 0.07 0.01 ± 0.00 0.00 ±0.00 56.6 ± 12.3 0.14 ± 0.02 0.50 ± 0.01 L501 1.82 ± 0.06 0.76 ± 0.350.12 ± 0.04 1.82 ± 0.06 0.00 ± 0.00 0.00 ± 0.00 51.9 ± 19.7 ND 0.07 ±0.01 L70 5.86 ± 1.91 1.82 ± 0.06 0.34 ± 0.16 1.23 ± 0.58 0.02 ± 0.000.00 ± 0.00 43.4 ± 4.3  0.06 ± 0.03 0.17 ± 0.01 *72 h timepoint, ND—notdone

The data show that the Lu-177 administered as a complex of theunderivatized cyclohexylaazta chleator (XX100), which does not include aGRP receptor targeting moiety, is rapidly cleared from the body withlittle residual localization in any organs or tissue. When the complex(or its closely related derivative) is derivatised with the GRPtargeting peptide (as in L500 and L501) the radioactivity showslocalization in the tumor. The data are similar to those of ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70,which as shown herein, has demonstrated efficacy for deliveringradioactivity to PC-3 tumors for radiotherapeutic purposes. The tumorlocalization and lack of retention of radioactivity in the other tissueof the body show the utility of compounds of the invention containingthese two chelators for radioimaging and radiotherapy.

The structure of ¹⁷⁷Lu-XX100 is:

Example LXIV Reduction of Aberrant Vascular Permeability in LNCaP TumorsFIGS. 66-68

Referring now to FIG. 66, in a preferred embodiment, LNCaP cells grownas xenografts in CrTAC:NCr:Foxn1^(nu/nu) mice exhibit a low profileinvasive habit with extensive extravasation of blood from the tumorvasculature into the skin, resulting in a nonelevated, rounded orirregular, dark or darker patch (ecchymosis) (FIG. 67). Ecchymosis isclearly visible and provides a measure of the leakiness of the tumourvasculature. It has now been shown that treatment of LNCaP tumours with¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 decreases ecchymosis, indicating that it decreases aberrantvascular permeability, as is shown in FIGS. 65 and 68. Due to itseffects on vascular permeability, treatment with radioactive L70 incombination with another therapeutic agent would be expected to improvethe delivery of the other therapeutic agent.

As shown in FIGS. 66-68, in a preferred embodiment, radiotherapy studieswere performed using the LNCaP (androgen sensitive prostateadenocarcinoma) tumor-bearing nude mouse model. The ¹⁷⁷Lu labeledcompound of the invention was compared to an untreated control group.(n=12 for each group for 60 days), Treated mice were administered 100 μLof ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled compound of the invention at 30 mCi/kg total dose, i.v,or s.c. under sterile conditions. The subjects were housed in a barrierenvironment for the duration of the study. Body weight, tumor size (bycaliper measurement), and clinical observations were collected on eachsubject 3 times per week for the duration of the study. Criteria forearly termination included: death; loss of total body weight (TBW) equalto or greater than 20%; tumor size equal to or greater than 2 cm³.Treatment with ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 does not increase survival over the controlanimals given no treatment, but the mice treated with ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 had asignificant reduction in observable ecchymosis, P=0.0056. The occurrenceof ecchymosis over the duration of the study is shown in FIG. 66, and isdepicted in FIGS. 67 and 68.

Time to Progression is an alternative means to assess the anti-canceractivity of new agents. It is defined as the time point at which thetumor shows a 20% increase in diameter. The Mean Time to Progression isthe study day when half of the animals in a group reach that point. In apreferred embodiment, it has now been found that the mean time to tumorprogression in LNCap tumours is increased by about 100% with ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70treatment. The Mean Time to Progression data is shown in Table 23.

TABLE 23 Mean Time to Progression Group (Study Day) Control 14 ¹⁷⁷Lu-L7028 Time to Progression = increase of at least 20% > 2r, where r =average (L × W)/2.

As shown in FIG. 67, control mice which did not receive ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 hadLNCaP xenografts which presented with ecchymosis extending into theipsilateral hind limb. By comparison, in FIG. 68, experimental micewhich received ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 had LNCaP xenografts showing reduced ecchymosiswhen compared to control mice.

As described in this example, treatment with ¹⁷⁷Lu-L70 provides abeneficial response in the LNCap tumours, that is, normalization ofblood vessels in the tumour and substantially increased time toprogression.

Example LXV Low GRP-receptor Model Therapeutic Response to L70

DU145 cells are derived from a prostate cancer brain metastasis, and,like PC-3, are representative of later stage prostate cancer (AR-,androgen insensitive). They have been shown to vascularize primarily inresponse to hypoxia. The vasculature is not as tortuous as LNCaP, andthey do not exhibit ecchymosis. The PC-3 tumor cell line has a highnumber of GRP receptors (2.5×10⁵/cell), whereas DU145 and LNCaP expressa lower receptor number (1.2×10⁴, and 5.9×10³/cell, respectively).

Radiotherapy studies were performed using a DU145 tumor-bearing nudemouse model. The DU145 tumor mice were established by xenografting 5million DU145 cells/mouse suspended in Matrigel™ to the flank; at thestart of the radiotherapy the average tumor size was 151 mm³. The ¹⁷⁷Lulabeled compound of the invention was compared to an untreated controlgroup, (n=12 for each group for 60 days). Treated mice were administered100 μL of ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled compound of the invention at 30 mCi/kg totaldose, i.v, or s.c. under sterile conditions. The subjects were housed ina barrier environment for the duration of the study. Body weight, tumorsize (by caliper measurement), and clinical observations were collectedon each subject 3 times per week for the duration of the study. Criteriafor early termination included: death; loss of total body weight (TBW)equal to or greater than 20%; tumor size equal to or greater than 2 cm³.At termination, the tumors were harvested for histology andimmunohistochemistry (IHC) consisting of Vimentin staining to confirmhuman origin of the cells; anti-human ki67 nuclear staining for cellproliferation, and hematoxylin and eosin staining for structure.

Results:

Data was analyzed in terms of the Mean Time to Progression, defined asthe time point at which 50% of the study animal tumors (per group)demonstrate a 20% increase in diameter. As shown in Table 24 Micetreated with ¹⁷⁷Lu-AMBA demonstrated a 57% increase in the Mean Time toProgression over the control group.

TABLE 24 Mean Time to Progression: DU145 Radiotherapy Group Mean Time toProgression (Day) Control 7 ¹⁷⁷Lu-AMBA 11 Time to Progression = increaseof at least 20% > 2r, where r = average (L × W)/2.

Referring now to FIGS. 69 and 70, the reduced proliferation rate oftreated DU145 tumors was confirmed by anti-human Ki67immunohistochemistry. Ki67 is a cell cycle related nuclear proteinexpressed by cells in all phases of the active cell cycle, but absent inthe resting phase. As shown in FIGS. 69 and 70, an average of 85% (range60-100%) of the control DU145 tumor cells demonstrated Ki67 positivestaining, as compared to an average of 53% (range 20-80%) of the DU145cells in tumors from ¹⁷⁷Lu-AMBA treated subjects.

To assess efficacy, a version of the World Health Organization (WHO) twodimensional tumor measurement criteria which includes all all threeprostate cancer cell lines, PC-3, LNCaP, and DU145, was applied to thestudy data, the results of which are shown in Table 25 below. Theresults were then confirmed by histology.

The DU145 radiotherapy resulted in 92% of the control group mice withprogressive disease, and 8% partial recovery. Treatment with ¹⁷⁷LuAMBAresulted in a reduction of progressive disease in DU145 to 42%, with 58%partial recovery. There were no complete remissions of the tumor in thisstudy.

In comparison the LNCaP radiotherapy (Example LXIV) demonstrated 91% ofthe control group mice with progressive disease, and 9% partialrecovery. There were no complete responses or cases of stable disease.Treatment with ¹⁷⁷LuAMBA resulted in a reduction of progressive diseasein LNCaP to 42%, partial recovery to 8%, and complete remission of thetumor as seen in 50% of the ¹⁷⁷LuAMBA treated group.

In the PC-3 radiotherapy (Example LV) Controls showed 100% Progressivedisease. The treated PC-3 had 22% with Progressive Disease, 3% StableDisease, 44% Partial Response and 31% Complete Responses.

These combined data demonstrate that treatment with ¹⁷⁷LuAMBAdemonstrates efficacy in prostate cancer tumor models with high GRPR aswell as slows the progression of the low GRP receptor expressing LNCaPand DU145 tumors, and can result in complete remission of the LNCaPtumors.

TABLE 25 Modified WHOTwo Dimensional Tumor Measurement Criteria ControlTreated PC-3 Control Control PC-3 Treated Treated 120 LNCaP DU145 120LNCaP DU145 Classification Day 60 Day 60 Day Day 60 Day 60 DayProgressive 100% 91% 92% 22% 42% 42% Disease Stable 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0%Disease Partial 0% 9% 8% 44% 8% 58% Response Complete 0% 0% 0% 31% 50%0% Response Complete Response: measures 0 at Day 60, or remaining massis devoid of tumor cells. Partial Response: 30-90% decrease fromstarting volume of tumor at anytime during the study, calculated fromthe smallest measurement during the study. Stable Disease: neither PRnor PD criteria met. Progressive Disease: steady increase in volumetotaling 25% or more over the start volume

As confirmed by the results in Table 25, ¹⁷⁷Lu-AMBA decreases tumor loadand increases survival in high GRPR expressing PC-3 xenografts. Theseradiotherapy results illustrate that, even at low GRPR receptor levels,¹⁷⁷Lu-AMBA provides ameliorative effects in androgen insensitiveprostate cancer xenografts by reducing cell proliferation and increasingthe time to tumor progression, and may useful as an adjunct tochemotherapy.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The following is provided to illustrate without limitation the variousembodiments of the present invention:

1. A compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is an optical label or a metal chelator, optionally complexed        with a radionuclide;    -   N is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha or non-alpha amino acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group,    -   and G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide,

wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid.

2. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein G is an agonist or a peptidewhich confers agonist activity.

3. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein the non-alpha amino acid isselected from the group consisting of:

-   8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid;-   N-4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazine-acetic acid; and-   polyethylene glycol derivatives having the formula    NH₂—(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)—CH₂CO₂H or NH₂—(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)—CH₂CH₂CO₂H where n=2    to 100.

4. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein the metal chelator is selectedfrom the group consisting of DTPA, DOTA, DO3A, HP-DO3A, EDTA, TETA,EHPG, HBED, NOTA, DOTMA, TETMA, PDTA, TTHA, LICAM, MECAM and CMDOTA.

5. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein the metal chelator is selectedfrom the group consisting of

-   N,N-dimethylGly-Ser-Cys;-   N,N-dimethylGly-Thr-Cys;-   N,N-diethylGly-Ser-Cys; and-   N,N-dibenzylGly-Ser-Cys.

6. The compound of embodiment 1, wherein the metal chelator is selectedfrom the group consisting of

-   N,N-dimethylGly-Ser-Cys-Gly;-   N,N-dimethylGly-Thr-Cys-Gly;-   N,N-diethylGly-Ser-Cys-Gly; and-   N,N-dibenzylGly-Ser-Cys-Gly.

7. The compound of embodiment 1, selected from the group consisting of:

-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Lys-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Arg-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Asp-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Ser-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Glu-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Dala-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Asp-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Glu-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Dala-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-2,3-diaminopropionic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Asp-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Asp-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Ser-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Arg-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Lys-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-2,3-diaminopropionic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Asp-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Asp-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-4-Hydroxyproline-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-4-aminoproline-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Lys-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Arg-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Ser-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Asp-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Asp-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Ser-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Arg-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Lys-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1; and-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-2,3-diaminopropionic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

8. The compound of embodiment 1, selected from the group consisting of:

-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-Lys-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-Arg-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-Asp-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-Ser-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-Glu-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-Dala-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Asp-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Glu-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Dala-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-2,3-diaminopropionic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-Asp-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Asp-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Ser-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Arg-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Lys-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-2,3-diaminopropionic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Asp-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Asp-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-4-Hydroxyproline-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-4-aminoproline-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-Lys-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-Arg-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-Ser-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-Asp-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Asp-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Ser-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Arg-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Lys-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1; and-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys-Gly-2,3-diaminopropionic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

9. The compound of embodiment 1, selected from the group consisting of:

-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-diaminopropionic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-biphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-diphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-4-benzoylphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-5-aminopentanoic acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-D-phenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1; and-   DO3A-monoamide-8-aminooctanoic acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

10. The compound of any one of embodiments 1, 2 or 3, wherein theoptical label is selected from the group consisting of organicchromophores, organic fluorophores, light-absorbing compounds,light-reflecting compounds, light-scattering compounds, andbioluminescent molecules.

11. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thecompound of embodiment 1 wherein M is a metal chelator complexed with adiagnostic radionuclide, and

imaging said patient.

12. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thecompound of embodiment 8 complexed with a diagnostic radionuclide, and

imaging said patient.

13. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thecompound of embodiment 1 wherein M is an optical label, and

imaging said patient.

14. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thecompound of embodiment 10, and

imaging said patient.

15. A method for preparing a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thestep of adding to an injectable medium a substance comprising thecompound of embodiment 1.

16. A method of treating a patient comprising the step of administeringto a patient a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the compound ofembodiments 7, 8 or 9 complexed with a therapeutic radionuclide.

17. A method of treating a patient comprising the step of administeringto a patient a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the compound ofembodiment 4 complexed with a therapeutic radionuclide.

18. A method of preparing a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the stepof adding to an injectable medium a substance comprising the compound ofembodiments 7, 8, or 9.

19. A method of preparing a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the stepof adding to an injectable medium a substance comprising the compound ofembodiment 4.

20. A compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is an optical label or a metal chelator, optionally complexed        with a radionuclide;    -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other        linking group;    -   O is an alpha amino acid or a substituted bile acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other        linking group; and    -   G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide, and

wherein at least one of N, O or P is a substituted bile acid.

21. The compound of embodiment 20, wherein G is an agonist or a peptidewhich confers agonist activity.

22. The compound of embodiment 20, wherein the substituted bile acid isselected from the group consisting of:

-   3β-amino-3-deoxycholic acid;-   (3β,5β)-3-aminocholan-24-oic acid;-   (3β,5β,12α)-3-amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid;-   (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid;-   Lys-(3,6,9)-trioxaundecane-1,1′-dicarbonyl-3,7-dideoxy-3-aminocholic    acid);-   (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7-hydroxy-12-oxocholan-24-oic acid; and-   (3β,5β,7α)-3-amino-7-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid.

23. The compound of embodiment 20, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of: DTPA, DOTA, DO3A, HPDO3A, EDTA, TETA and CMDOTA.

24. The compound of embodiment 20, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of EHPG and derivatives thereof.

25. The compound of embodiment 20, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of 5-Cl-EHPG, 5-Br-EHPG, 5-Me-EHPG, 5-t-Bu-EHPG, and5-sec-Bu-EHPG.

26. The compound of embodiment 20, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of benzodiethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (benzo-DTPA) andderivatives thereof.

27. The compound of embodiment 20, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of dibenzo-DTPA, phenyl-DTPA, diphenyl-DTPA, benzyl-DTPA, anddibenzyl DTPA.

28. The compound of embodiment 20, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of HBED and derivatives thereof.

29. The compound of embodiment 20, wherein M is a macrocyclic compoundwhich contains at least 3 carbon atoms and at least two heteroatoms (Oand/or N), which macrocyclic compounds can consist of one ring, or twoor three rings joined together at the hetero ring elements.

30. The compound of embodiment 20, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of benzo-DOTA, dibenzo-DOTA, and benzo-NOTA, benzo-TETA,benzo-DOTMA, and benzo-TETMA.

31. The compound of embodiment 20, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of derivatives of 1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetic acid (PDTA)and triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid (TTHA); derivatives of

-   1,5,10-N,N′,N″-tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-tricatecholate (LICAM) and-   1,3,5-N,N′,N″-tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl) aminomethylbenzene (MECAM).

32. A compound of embodiment 20 selected from the group consisting of:

-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β)-3-aminocholan-24-oic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,12α)-3-amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-Lys-(3,6,9)-trioxaundecane-11,11-dicarbonyl-3,7-dideoxy-3-aminocholic    acid)-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-3,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,1′-dicarbonyl    Lys(DO3A-monoamide-Gly)-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-12-oxocholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-1-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QWAVaHLM-NH₂ wherein QWAVaHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 14;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-f-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-f-WAVGHLL-NH₂ wherein WAVGHLL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 26;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-f-QWAVGHL-NH-pentyl wherein QWAVGHL-NH-pentyl is SEQ ID NO: 6;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-y-QWAV-Bala-H—F-Nle-NH₂ wherein QWAV-Bala-H—F-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID    NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-f-QWAV-Bala-H—F-Nle-NH₂ wherein QWAV-Bala-H—F-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID    NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QWAVGHFL-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 22-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QWAVGNMeH-L-M-NH₂ wherein QWAVGNMeH-L-M-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 15;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-LWAVGSF-M-NH₂ wherein LWAVGSF-M-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 11;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-HWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein HWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 12;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-LWAGHFM-NH₂ wherein LWAGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 20;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QWAVGHFM-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 13;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 3;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 5;-   Pglu-Q-Lys    (DO3A-monoamide)-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 18.-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂    wherein QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 3;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂    wherein QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂    wherein QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 5; and-   Pglu-Q-Lys(DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic    acid)-LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 18.

33. The compound of any one of embodiments 20, 21 or 22, wherein theoptical label is selected from the group consisting of organicchromophores, organic fluorophores, light-absorbing compounds,light-reflecting compounds, light-scattering compounds, andbioluminescent molecules.

34. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thecompound of embodiment 20 wherein M is a metal chelator complexed with adiagnostic radionuclide, and

imaging said patient.

35. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thecompound of embodiment 32, and

imaging said patient.

36. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thecompound of embodiment 20 wherein M is an optical label, and

imaging said patient.

37. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thecompound of embodiment 33, and

imaging said patient.

38. A method for preparing a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thestep of adding to an injectable medium a substance comprising thecompound of embodiment 20.

39. A method of treating a patient comprising the step of administeringto a patient a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the compound ofembodiment 20 complexed with a therapeutic radionuclide.

40. A method of preparing a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the stepof adding to an injectable medium a substance comprising the compound ofembodiment 20.

41. A compoundDO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

42. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprisingDO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid-BBN(7-14) complexed with a diagnostic radionuclide, wherein theBBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1, and

imaging said patient.

43. A method for preparing a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thestep of adding to an injectable medium a compound comprisingDO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

44. A method of treating a patient comprising the step of administeringto a patient a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the compound ofembodiment 41 complexed with a therapeutic radionuclide.

45. A method of preparing a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the stepof adding to an injectable medium a substance comprising the compound ofembodiment 41.

46. A compound DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) whereinthe BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

47. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprisingDO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) complexed with adiagnostic radionuclide, wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1,and

imaging said patient.

48. A method for preparing a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thestep of adding to an injectable medium a compound comprisingDO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

49. A method of treating a patient comprising the step of administeringto a patient a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the compound ofembodiment 46 complexed with a therapeutic radionuclide.

50. A method of preparing a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the stepof adding to an injectable medium a substance comprising the compound ofembodiment 46.

51. A compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is an optical label or a metal chelator optionally complexed        with a radionuclide;    -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a        cyclic group or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha amino acid or a non-alpha amino acid with a cyclic        group;    -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a        cyclic group, or other linking group; and    -   G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide,

wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid with acyclic group.

52. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein G is an agonist or a peptidewhich confers agonist activity.

53. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein the non-alpha amino acid witha cyclic group is selected from the group consisting of:

-   4-aminobenzoic acid;-   4-aminomethyl benzoic acid;-   trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid;-   4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid;-   isonipecotic acid;-   2-aminomethylbenzoic acid;-   4-amino-3-nitrobenzoic acid;-   4-(3-carboxymethyl-2-keto-1-benzimidazolyl)-piperidine;-   6-(piperazin-1-yl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinone-3-acetic acid;-   (2S,5S)-5-amino-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-azepino[3,21-hi]indole-4-one-2-carboxylic    acid;-   (4S,7R)-4-amino-6-aza-5-oxo-9-thiabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-7-carboxylic    acid;-   3-carboxymethyl-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decan-4-one;-   N1-piperazineacetic acid;-   N-4-aminoethyl-N-1-acetic acid;-   (3S)-3-amino-1-carboxymethylcaprolactam; and-   (2S,6S,9)-6-amino-2-carboxymethyl-3,8-diazabicyclo-[4,3,0]-nonane-1,4-dione.

54. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of: DTPA, DOTA, DO3A, HPDO3A, EDTA, and TETA.

55. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of EHPG and derivatives thereof.

56. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of 5-Cl-EHPG, 5-Br-EHPG, 5-Me-EHPG, 5-t-Bu-EHPG, and5-sec-Bu-EHPG.

57. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of benzodiethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (benzo-DTPA) andderivatives thereof.

58. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of dibenzo-DTPA, phenyl-DTPA, diphenyl-DTPA, benzyl-DTPA, anddibenzyl DTPA.

59. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of HBED and derivatives thereof.

60. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein M is a macrocyclic compoundwhich contains at least 3 carbon atoms and at least two heteroatoms (Oand/or N), which macrocyclic compounds can consist of one ring, or twoor three rings joined together at the hetero ring elements.

61. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of benzo-DOTA, dibenzo-DOTA, and benzo-NOTA, benzo-TETA,benzo-DOTMA, and benzo-TETMA.

62. The compound of embodiment 51, wherein M is selected from the groupconsisting of derivatives of 1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetic acid (PDTA)and triethylenetetraaminehexaacetic acid (TTHA); derivatives of

-   1,5,10-N,N′,N″-tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-tricatecholate (LICAM) and-   1,3,5-N,N′,N″-tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl) aminomethylbenzene (MECAM).

63. The compound of embodiment 51, selected from the group consisting of

-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethyl benzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexyl carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-isonipecotic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-2-aminomethylbenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-1-naphthylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is    SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-(3-carboxymethyl-2-keto-1-benzimidazolyl-piperidine-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-6-(piperazin-1-yl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinone-3-acetic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-(2S,5S)-5-amino-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-azepino[3,21-hi]indole-4-one-2-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-(4S,7R)-4-amino-6-aza-5-oxo-9-thiabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-7-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-N,N-dimethylglycine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-3-carboxymethyl-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4,5]decan-4-one-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-N¹-piperazineacetic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-N-4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-(3S)-3-amino-1-carboxymethylcaprolactam-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-(2S,6S,9)-6-amino-2-carboxymethyl-3,8-diazabicyclo-[4,3,0]-nonane-1,4-dione-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-5-aminopentanoic    acid-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-D-phenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethylbenzoic acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-4-benzoyl-(L)-phenylalanine-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-diphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-1-naphthylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is    SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-biphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-(2S,5S)-5-amino-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-azepino[3,21-hi]indole-4-one-2-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-phenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-phenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-aminooctanoic    acid-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4′-aminomethyl-biphenyl-1-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-3′-aminomethyl-biphenyl-3-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   CMDOTA-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethylphenoxyacetic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminophenylacetic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   HPDO3A-4-phenoxy-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID    NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-3-aminomethylbenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethylphenylacetic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethyl-3-methoxybenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   Boa-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-hydrazinobenzoyl-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminobenzoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-6-Aminonicotinic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4′-Amino-2′-methyl biphenyl-4-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3′-Aminobiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-1,2-diaminoethyl-Terephthalic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-EWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    EWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 2;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGHLM-OH wherein QWAVGHLM-OH    is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-(D)-Phe-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 3;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 5;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-(D)-Phe-QWAVGHL-NH-Pentyl    wherein QWAVGHL-NH-Pentyl is SEQ ID NO: 6;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWSVaHLM-NH₂ wherein    QWSVaHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 7;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-(D)-Phe-QWAVGHLL-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHLL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 8;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-(D)-Tyr-QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂    wherein QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 9;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-Phe-QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂    wherein QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 9;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAGHFL-NH₂ wherein QWAGHFL-NH₂    is SEQ ID NO: 10;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-LWAVGSFM-NH₂ wherein    LWAVGSFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 11;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-HWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    HWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 12;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-LWAVGSFM-NH₂ wherein    LWAVGSFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 11;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGHFM-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 13;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-6-aminonaphthoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-4-methylaminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   Cm4pm10d2a-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Gly-4-aminobenzoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Gly-3-amino-3-deoxycholic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-methoxy-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-chloro-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-methyl-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3-hydroxy-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   (DO3A-monoamide)₂-N,N′-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-succinamic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGHFL-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 22-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethylbenzoic    acid-L-1-Naphthylalanine-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID    NO: 1; and-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGNMeHLM-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGNMeHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 15.

64. The compound of any one of embodiments 51, 52 or 53, wherein theoptical label is selected from the group consisting of organicchromophores, organic fluorophores, light-absorbing compounds,light-reflecting compounds, light-scattering compounds, andbioluminescent molecules.

65. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thecompound of embodiment 51 wherein M is a metal chelator complexed with adiagnostic radionuclide, and

imaging said patient.

66. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thecompound of embodiment 63, and

imaging said patient.

67. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thecompound of embodiment 51, wherein M is an optical label, and

imaging said patient.

68. A method for preparing a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thestep of adding to an injectable medium a substance comprising thecompound of embodiment 51.

69. A method of treating a patient comprising the step of administeringto a patient a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the compound ofembodiment 51 complexed with a therapeutic radionuclide.

70. A method of preparing a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the stepof adding to an injectable medium a substance comprising the compound ofembodiment 51.

71. A method of synthesizingDO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1 comprisingthe steps of:

(a) shaking a solution in a solid phase peptide synthesis vessel, saidsolution comprising a resin and at least one peptide buildingingredient,

(b) flushing said solution, and

(c) washing said resin with DMA,

wherein said at least one peptide building ingredient includes DMAmorpholine,(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-[[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)amino]acetyl]amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid, HOBt, DIC, HATU or mixtures thereof, and

wherein each of steps (a), (b) and (c) are repeated until the compoundDO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1 isobtained.

72. A method of synthesizing DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoicacid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1 comprisingthe steps of:

(a) shaking a solution in a solid phase peptide synthesis vessel orreaction block, said solution comprising a resin and at least onepeptide building ingredient,

(b) flushing said solution, and

(c) washing said resin with DMA,

wherein said at least one peptide building ingredient includes DMA,morpholine, Fmoc-4-aminobenzoic acid, HOBt, DIC, HBTU, HATU or mixturesthereof, and

wherein each of steps (a), (b) and (c) are repeated until the compoundDO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1 is obtained.

73. A method for labelingDO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1 comprisingthe steps of

incubating a first solution comprising

-   -   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic        acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1,    -   ammonium acetate,    -   a radioactive metal precursor selected from the group consisting        of ¹⁷⁷LuCl₃ or ¹¹¹InCl₃,    -   HCl, and

adding to said first solution a second solution comprising Na₂EDTA-2H₂Oand water to obtain a radiochemical purity greater than 95%.

74. A method for labeling DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoicacid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1 comprisingthe steps of

-   -   incubating a first solution comprising    -   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the        BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1,    -   ammonium acetate,    -   a radioactive metal precursor selected from the group consisting        of ¹⁷⁷LuCl₃ or ¹¹¹ InCl₃,    -   HCl, and

adding to said first solution a second solution comprising Na₂EDTA.2H₂Oand water to obtain a radiochemical purity greater than 95%.

75. A method of synthesizingDO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1 bycoupling of individual amino acids, protected amino acids or modifiedamino acids, with any required additional treatments with reagents orprocessing steps before or after the coupling steps in solution.

76. A method of synthesizing DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoicacid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1 by segmentcoupling of modified, protected, unprotected or otherwise variablepeptide fragments combined with any required additional treatments withreagents or processing steps before or after the coupling steps insolution or on solid phase or via a combined solution and solid phasesynthesis steps and methods.

77. A method of synthesizingDO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1 bycoupling of individual amino acids protected amino acids or modifiedamino acids, with any required additional treatments with reagents orprocessing steps before or after the coupling steps in solution.

78. A compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is DO3A, optionally complexed with a radionuclide;    -   N is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha or non-alpha amino acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group,    -   and G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide,        wherein at least one of N, O or P is 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic        acid.

79. The compound of embodiment 78, wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide is selected from the group consisting of QWAVGHLM-OH (SEQ ID NO:1), QWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 1), QWAVGNMeHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 15),QWAVGHFL-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 22), QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 3),QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 4), QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 5),QWAVGHL-NH-Pentyl (SEQ ID NO: 6),

QWSVaHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 7), QWAVGHLL-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 8),QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 9), QWAGHFL-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 10),LWAVGSFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 11), HWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 12), LWATGSFM-NH₂(SEQ ID NO: 17), LWAVGSFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 11), QWAVaHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO:14), and QWAVGHFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 13).

80. A compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is DO3A, optionally complexed with a radionuclide;    -   N is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha or non-alpha amino acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group,    -   and G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide,

wherein at least one of N, O or P is(3β,5β,12α)-3-amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid.

81. The compound of embodiment 80 wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide is selected from the group consisting of QWAVGHLM-OH (SEQ ID NO:1), QWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 1), QWAVGNMeHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 15),QWAVGHFL-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 22), QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 3),QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 4), QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 5),QWAVGHL-NH-Pentyl (SEQ ID NO: 6), QWSVaHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 7),QWAVGHLL-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 8), QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 9)QWAGHFL-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 10), LWAVGSFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 11), HWAVGHLM-NH₂(SEQ ID NO: 12), LWATGSFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 17), LWAVGSFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO:11), QWAVaHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 14), and QWAVGHFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 13).

82. A compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is DO3A, optionally complexed with a radionuclide;    -   N is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha or non-alpha amino acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group,    -   and G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide,

wherein at least one of N, O or P is 4-aminobenzoic acid.

83. The compound of embodiment 82, wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide is selected from the group consisting of QWAVGHLM-OH (SEQ ID NO:1), QWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 1), QWAVGNMeHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 15),QWAVGHFL-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 22), QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 3),QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 4), QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 5),QWAVGHL-NH-Pentyl (SEQ ID NO: 6), QWSVaHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 7),QWAVGHLL-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 8), QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 9)QWAGHFL-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 10), LWAVGSFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 11), HWAVGHLM-NH₂(SEQ ID NO: 12), LWATGSFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 17), LWAVGSFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO:11), QWAVaHLM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 14), QWAVGHFM-NH₂ (SEQ ID NO: 13),Nme-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is (SEQ ID NO: 1),Q-Ψ[CSNH]WAVGHLM-NH₂, Q-Ψ[CH₂NH]-WAVGHLM-NH₂, Q-Ψ[CH═CH]WAVGHLM-NH₂,α-MeQWAVGHLM-NH₂, QNme-WAVGHLM-NH₂, QW-Ψ[CSNH]-AVGHLM-NH₂,QW-Ψ[CH₂NH]-AVGHLM-NH₂, QW-Ψ[CH═CH]-AVGHLM-NH₂, Q-α-Me-WAVGHLM-NH₂,QW-Nme-AVGHLM-NH₂, QWA=Ψ[CSNH]-VGHLM-NH₂, QWA-Ψ[CH₂NH]-VGHLM-NH₂,QW-Aib-VGHLM-NH₂, QWAV-Sar-HLM-NH₂, QWAVG-Ψ[CSNH]-HLM-NH₂,QWAVG-Ψ[CH═CH]-HLM-NH₂, QWAV-Dala-HLM-NH₂, QWAVG-Nme-His-LM-NH₂,QWAVG-H-Ψ[CSNH]-L-M-NH₂, QWAVG-H-Ψ[CH₂NH]-LM-NH₂,QWAVGH-Ψ[CH═CH]-LM-NH₂, QWAVG-α-Me-HLM-NH₂, QWAVGH-Nme-LM-NH₂,QWAVGH-α-MeLM-NH₂, QWAVGHF-L-NH₂ and QWAVGHLM-NH₂, wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂is SEQ ID NO: 1 and QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 22.

84. A method of phototherapy comprising administering to a patient acompound of any one of embodiments 1, 20 or 51 wherein M is an opticallabel useful in phototherapy.

85. A compound selected from the group consisting of:

-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVaHLM-NH₂ wherein    QWAVaHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 14;

DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-fQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂is SEQ ID NO: 1;

-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-fQWAVGHLL-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHLL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 8;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-fQWAVGHL-NH-pentyl wherein    QWAVGHL-NH-pentyl is SEQ ID NO: 6;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-yQWAV-Bala-HFNle-NH₂ wherein    QWAV-Bala-HFNle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-fQWAV-Bala-HFNle-NH₂ wherein    QWAV-Bala-HFNle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGHFL-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 22;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGNMeHisLM-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGNMeHisLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 15;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-LWAVGSFM-NH₂ wherein    LWAVGSFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 11;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-HWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    HWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 12;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-LWATGHFM-NH₂ wherein    LWATGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 16;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGHFM-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 13;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 3;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 5;-   Pglu-Q-Lys(DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid)-LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂    wherein LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 18;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QWAVaHLM-NH₂ wherein    QWAVaHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 14;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-fQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-fQWAVGHLL-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHLL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 8;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-fQWAVGHL-NH-pentyl    wherein QWAVGHL-NH-pentyl is SEQ ID NO: 6;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-yQWAV-Bala-HFNle-NH₂    wherein QWAV-Bala-HFNle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-fQWAV-Bala-HFNle-NH₂    wherein QWAV-Bala-HFNle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QWAVGHFL-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 22-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QWAVGNMeHLMNH₂ wherein    QWAVGNMeHLMNH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 15;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-LWAVGSFM-NH₂ wherein    LWAVGSFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 11;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-HWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    HWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 12;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-LWATGHFM-NH₂ wherein    LWATGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 16;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QWAVGHFM-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 13-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QRLGNQWAVGlyHLM-NH₂    wherein QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 3;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂    wherein QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂    wherein QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 5; and-   Pglu-Q-Lys(DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic    acid)-LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 18.

86. The method of any one of embodiments 16, 17, 39, 44, 49 or 69further comprising administering a chemotherapeutic or other therapeuticagent.

87. A compound of any one of embodiments 78 or 80, wherein the GRPreceptor targeting peptide is selected from the group consisting ofNme-QWAVGHLM-NH₂, Q-Ψ[CSNH]WAVGHLM-NH₂, Q-Ψ[CH₂NH]-WAVGHLM-NH₂,Q-Ψ[CH═CH]WAVGHLM-NH₂, α-MeQWAVGHLM-NH₂, QNme-WAVGHLM-NH₂,QW-Ψ[CSNH]-AVGHLM-NH₂, QW-Ψ[CH₂NH]-AVGHLM-NH₂, QW-Ψ[CH═CH]-AVGHLM-NH₂,Q-α-Me-WAVGHLM-NH₂, QW-Nme-AVGHLM-NH₂, QWA=Ψ[CSNH]-VGHLM-NH₂,QWA-Ψ[CH₂NH]-VGHLM-NH₂, QW-Aib-VGHLM-NH₂, QWAV-Sar-HLM-NH₂,QWAVG-Ψ[CSNH]-HLM-NH₂, QWAVG-Ψ[CH═CH]-HLM-NH₂, QWAV-Dala-HLM-NH₂,QWAVG-Nme-His-LM-NH₂, QWAVG-H-Ψ[CSNH]-L-M-NH₂, QWAVG-H-Ψ[CH₂NH]-LM-NH₂,QWAVGH-Ψ[CH═CH]-LM-NH₂, QWAVG-α-Me-HLM-NH₂, QWAVGH-Nme-LM-NH₂,QWAVGH-α-MeLM-NH₂, QWAVGHF-L-NH₂ and QWAVGHLM-NH₂, wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂is SEQ ID NO: 1 and QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 22.

88. A method for targeting the gastrin releasing peptide receptor(GRP-R) and neuromedin-B receptor (NMB-R), said method comprisingadministering a compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is an optical label or a metal chelator, optionally complexed        with a radionuclide;    -   N is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha or non-alpha amino acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group,    -   and G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide,

wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid.

89. The method of embodiment 88, wherein at least one of N, O or P is anon-alpha amino acid with a cyclic group.

90. The method of embodiment 89, wherein N is Gly, O is 4-aminobenzoicacid and P is none.

91. A method of targeting the GRP-R and the NMB-R, said methodcomprising administering a compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is an optical label or a metal chelator, optionally complexed        with a radionuclide;    -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other        linking group;    -   O is an alpha amino acid or a substituted bile acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other        linking group; and    -   G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide, and        wherein at least one of N, O or P is a substituted bile acid.

92. The method of embodiment 91, wherein N is Gly, O is(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid, and P is none.

93. The method of any one of embodiments 88, 89 or 91, wherein the GRPreceptor targeting peptide is selected from the group consisting of:

-   Nme-QWAVGHLM-NH₂,-   Q-Ψ[CSNH]WAVGHLM-NH₂,-   Q-Ψ[CH₂NH]-WAVGHLM-NH₂,-   Q-Ψ[CH═CH]WAVGHLM-NH₂,-   α-MeQWAVGHLM-NH₂,-   QNme-WAVGHLM-NH₂,-   QW-Ψ[CSNH]-AVGHLM-NH₂,-   QW-Ψ[CH₂NH]-AVGHLM-NH₂,-   QW-Ψ[CH═CH]-AVGHLM-NH₂,-   Q-α-Me-WAVGHLM-NH₂,-   QW-Nme-AVGHLM-NH₂,-   QWA=Ψ[CSNH]-VGHLM-NH₂,-   QWA-Ψ[CH₂NH]-VGHLM-NH₂,-   QW-Aib-VGHLM-NH₂,-   QWAV-Sar-HLM-NH₂,-   QWAVG-Ψ[CSNH]-HLM-NH₂,-   QWAVG-Ψ[CH═CH]-HLM-NH₂,-   QWAV-Dala-HLM-NH₂,-   QWAVG-Nme-His-LM-NH₂,-   QWAVG-H-Ψ[CSNH]-L-M-NH₂,-   QWAVG-H-Ψ[CH₂NH]-LM-NH₂,-   QWAVGH-Ψ[CH═CH]-LM-NH₂,-   QWAVG-α-Me-HLM-NH₂,-   QWAVGH-Nme-LM-NH₂, and-   QWAVGH-α-MeLM-NH₂    wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 1 and QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO:    22.

94. A method of improving the in vivo activity of a compound of any oneof embodiments 1, 20, 51, 78, 80, or 82, comprising the step ofmodifying the GRP receptor targeting peptide so as to reduce proteolyticcleavage of said peptide.

95. The method of embodiment 94, wherein the modified GRP-R targetingpeptide is an agonist.

96. A method of reducing proteolytic cleavage of a gastrin releasingpeptide (GRP) analogue of any one of embodiments 1, 20, 51, 78, 80, or82, said method comprising the step of modifying the peptide bond in theGRP-R targeting moiety.

97. The method of embodiment 96, wherein the modified GRP-R targetingpeptide is an agonist.

98. A method of reducing proteolytic cleavage of a gastrin releasingpeptide (GRP) analogue having a gastrin releasing peptide receptor(GRP-R) targeting moiety that is an agonist, said method comprising thestep of modifying the peptide bond in the GRP-R targeting moiety.

99. The method of any one of embodiments 94, 96 or 98, wherein the GRP-Rtargeting moiety is selected from the group consisting of:

-   Nme-QWAVGHLM-NH₂,-   Q-Ψ[CSNH]WAVGHLM-NH₂,-   Q-Ψ[CH₂NH]-WAVGHLM-NH₂,-   Q-Ψ[CH═CH]WAVGHLM-NH₂,-   α-MeQWAVGHLM-NH₂,-   QNme-WAVGHLM-NH₂,-   QW-Ψ[CSNH]-AVGHLM-NH₂,-   QW-Ψ[CH₂NH]-AVGHLM-NH₂,-   QW-Ψ[CH═CH]-AVGHLM-NH₂,-   Q-α-Me-WAVGHLM-NH₂,-   QW-Nme-AVGHLM-NH₂,-   QWA=•[CSNH]-VGHLM-NH₂,-   QWA-Ψ[CH₂NH]-VGHLM-NH₂,-   QW-Aib-VGHLM-NH₂,-   QWAV-Sar-HLM-NH₂,-   QWAVG-Ψ[CSNH]-HLM-NH₂,-   QWAVG-Ψ[CH═CH]-HLM-NH₂,-   QWAV-Dala-HLM-NH₂,-   QWAVG-Nme-His-LM-NH₂,-   QWAVG-H-Ψ[CSNH]-L-M-NH₂,-   QWAVG-H-Ψ[CH₂NH]-LM-NH₂,-   QWAVGH-Ψ[CH═CH]-LM-NH₂,-   QWAVG-α-Me-HLM-NH₂,-   QWAVGH-Nme-LM-NH₂, and-   QWAVGH-α-MeLM-NH₂    wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 1 and QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO:    22.

100. A compound according to any one of embodiments 1, 20, 51, 78, 80,or 82, wherein G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide that has beenmodified so as to reduce proteolytic cleavage.

101. A method of conferring specificity for the GRP-R and/or the NMB-Ron a compound comprising an optical label or metal chelator optionallycomplexed with a radionuclide and a GRP-R targeting peptide, comprisingincluding in such compound a linker of the general formula:

N—O—P

wherein

-   -   N is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha or non-alpha amino acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group,        wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid.

102. A method of conferring specificity for the GRP-R and/or the NMB-Ron a compound comprising an optical label or metal chelator optionallycomplexed with a radionuclide and a GRP-R targeting peptide, comprisingincluding in such compound a linker of the general formula:

N—O—P

wherein

-   -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other        linking group;    -   O is an alpha amino acid or a substituted bile acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other        linking group,        wherein at least one of N, O or P is a substituted bile acid.

103. A method of conferring specificity for the GRP-R and/or the NMB-Ron a compound comprising an optical label or metal chelator optionallycomplexed with a radionuclide and a GRP-R targeting peptide, comprisingincluding in such compound a linker of the general formula:

N—O—P

wherein

-   -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a        cyclic group or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha amino acid or a non-alpha amino acid with a cyclic        group; and    -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a        cyclic group or other linking group,        wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid with        a cyclic group.

104. A method of improving the in vivo activity of a compound comprisingan optical label or metal chelator optionally complexed with aradionuclide and a GRP-R targeting peptide, comprising including in suchcompound a linker of the general formula:

N—O—P

wherein

-   -   N is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha or non-alpha amino acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group,        wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid.

105. A method of improving the in vivo activity of a compound comprisingan optical label or metal chelator optionally complexed with aradionuclide and a GRP-R targeting peptide, comprising including in suchcompound a linker of the general formula:

N—O—P

wherein

-   -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other        linking group;    -   O is an alpha amino acid or a substituted bile acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other        linking group,        wherein at least one of N, O or P is a substituted bile acid.

106. A method of improving the in vivo stability of a compoundcomprising an optical label or metal chelator optionally complexed witha radionuclide and a GRP-R targeting peptide, comprising including insuch compound a linker of the general formula:

N—O—P

wherein

-   -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a        cyclic group or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha amino acid or a non-alpha amino acid with a cyclic        group; and    -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a        cyclic group or other linking group,        wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid with        a cyclic group.

107. A compound having the following structure:

108. A compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is an metal chelator of formula 8:

-   -   optionally complexed with a radionuclide, wherein        -   R₁ is hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl optionally substituted with one            or more carboxy groups, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀            cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or the two R₁ groups, taken            together, form a straight or cyclic C₂-C₁₀ alkylene group or            an ortho-disubstituted arylene;        -   R₂ is hydrogen, carboxy, or an optionally substituted group            selected from C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀            cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, a group bearing an acidic            moiety, and a group bearing an amino moiety, each of which            may be further optionally substituted with functional groups            which allow conjugation with a suitable molecule able to            interact with physiological systems;        -   R₃, R₄ and R₅, which can be the same or different, are            hydrogen, carboxy, or an optionally substituted group            selected from C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀            cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, a group bearing an acidic            moiety and a group bearing an amino moiety, each of which            may be further-optionally substituted with functional groups            which allow conjugation with a suitable molecule able to            interact with physiological systems; and        -   FG, which can be the same or different, are carboxy, —PO₃H₂            or —R^(P)(O)OH groups, wherein R is hydrogen, or an            optionally substituted group selected from C₁-C₂₀ alkyl,            C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl,            a group bearing an acidic moiety and a group bearing an            amino moiety, each of which may be further optionally            substituted with functional groups which allow conjugation            with a suitable molecule able to interact with physiological            systems;    -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a        cyclic group or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha amino acid or a non-alpha amino acid with a cyclic        group;    -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a        cyclic group, or other linking group; and    -   G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide,        wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid with        a cyclic group.

09. A compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is an metal chelator of formula 8:

-   -   optionally complexed with a radionuclide, wherein        -   R₁ is hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl optionally substituted with one            or more carboxy groups, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀            cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or the two R₁ groups, taken            together, form a straight or cyclic C₂-C₁₀ alkylene group or            an ortho-disubstituted arylene;        -   R₂ is hydrogen, carboxy, or an optionally substituted group            selected from C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀            cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, a group bearing an acidic            moiety, and a group bearing an amino moiety, each of which            may be further optionally substituted with functional groups            which allow conjugation with a suitable molecule able to            interact with physiological systems;        -   R₃, R₄ and R₅, which can be the same or different, are            hydrogen, carboxy, or an optionally substituted group            selected from C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀            cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, a group bearing an acidic            moiety and a group bearing an amino moiety, each of which            may be further-optionally substituted with functional groups            which allow conjugation with a suitable molecule able to            interact with physiological systems; and        -   FG, which can be the same or different, are carboxy, —PO₃H₂            or —R^(P)(O)OH groups, wherein R is hydrogen, or an            optionally substituted group selected from C₁-C₂₀ alkyl,            C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl,            a group bearing an acidic moiety and a group bearing an            amino moiety, each of which may be further optionally            substituted with functional groups which allow conjugation            with a suitable molecule able to interact with physiological            systems;    -   N is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha or non-alpha amino acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group,    -   and G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide,        wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid.

110. A compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is an metal chelator of formula 8:

-   -   optionally complexed with a radionuclide, wherein        -   R₁ is hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl optionally substituted with one            or more carboxy groups, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀            cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or the two R₁ groups, taken            together, form a straight or cyclic C₂-C₁₀ alkylene group or            an ortho-disubstituted arylene;        -   R₂ is hydrogen, carboxy, or an optionally substituted group            selected from C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀            cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, a group bearing an acidic            moiety, and a group bearing an amino moiety, each of which            may be further optionally substituted with functional groups            which allow conjugation with a suitable molecule able to            interact with physiological systems;        -   R₃, R₄ and R₅, which can be the same or different, are            hydrogen, carboxy, or an optionally substituted group            selected from C₁-C₂₀ alkyl, C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀            cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, a group bearing an acidic            moiety and a group bearing an amino moiety, each of which            may be further-optionally substituted with functional groups            which allow conjugation with a suitable molecule able to            interact with physiological systems; and        -   FG, which can be the same or different, are carboxy, —PO₃H₂            or —R^(P)(O)OH groups, wherein R is hydrogen, or an            optionally substituted group selected from C₁-C₂₀ alkyl,            C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl, C₄-C₂₀ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl,            a group bearing an acidic moiety and a group bearing an            amino moiety, each of which may be further optionally            substituted with functional groups which allow conjugation            with a suitable molecule able to interact with physiological            systems;    -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other        linking group;    -   O is an alpha amino acid or a substituted bile acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other        linking group; and    -   G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide, and        wherein at least one of N, O or P is a substituted bile acid.

111. A compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is an Aazta metal chelator or a derivative thereof optionally        complexed with a radionuclide;    -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a        cyclic group or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha amino acid or a non-alpha amino acid with a cyclic        group;    -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a        cyclic group, or other linking group; and    -   G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide,

wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid with acyclic group.

112. A compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is an Aazta chelator or a derivative thereof, optionally        complexed with a radionuclide;    -   N is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group;    -   O is an alpha or non-alpha amino acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking group,    -   and G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide,

wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid.

113. A compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

wherein

-   -   M is an Aazta metal chelator or a derivative thereof, optionally        complexed with a radionuclide;    -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other        linking group;    -   O is an alpha amino acid or a substituted bile acid; and    -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or other        linking group; and    -   G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide, and

wherein at least one of N, O or P is a substituted bile acid.

114. The compound of any one of embodiments 108 to 113, wherein G is anagonist or a peptide which confers agonist activity.

115. The compound of embodiment 108 or 111, wherein the non-alpha aminoacid with a cyclic group is selected from the group consisting of:

-   4-aminobenzoic acid;-   4-aminomethyl benzoic acid;-   trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid;-   4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid;-   isonipecotic acid;-   2-aminomethylbenzoic acid;-   4-amino-3-nitrobenzoic acid;-   4-(3-carboxymethyl-2-keto-1-benzimidazolyl)-piperidine;-   6-(piperazin-1-yl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinone-3-acetic acid;-   (2S,5S)-5-amino-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-azepino[3,21-hi]indole-4-one-2-carboxylic    acid;-   (4S,7R)-4-amino-6-aza-5-oxo-9-thiabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-7-carboxylic    acid;-   3-carboxymethyl-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one;-   N1-piperazineacetic acid;-   N-4-aminoethyl-N-1-acetic acid;-   (3S)-3-amino-1-carboxymethylcaprolactam; and-   (2S,6S,9)-6-amino-2-carboxymethyl-3,8-diazabicyclo-[4,3,0]-nonane-1,4-dione.

116. The compound of embodiment 109 or 112, wherein the non-alpha aminoacid is selected from the group consisting of:

-   8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid;-   N-4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazine-acetic acid; and-   polyethylene glycol derivatives having the formula    NH₂—(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)—CH₂CO₂H or NH₂—(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)—CH₂CH₂CO₂H where n=2    to 100.

117. The compound of embodiment 110 or 113, wherein the substituted bileacid is selected from the group consisting of:

-   3β-amino-3-deoxycholic acid;-   (3β,5β)-3-aminocholan-24-oic acid;-   (3β,5β,12α)-3-amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid;-   (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid;-   Lys-(3,6,9)-trioxaundecane-1,1′-dicarbonyl-3,7-dideoxy-3-aminocholic    acid);-   (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7-hydroxy-12-oxocholan-24-oic acid; and-   (3β,5β,7α)-3-amino-7-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid.

118. A method of imaging comprising the steps of:

administering to a patient a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thecompound of any one of embodiments 109 to 113 wherein M is a metalchelator complexed with a radioactive or paramagnetic metal, and

imaging said patient.

119. A method for preparing a diagnostic imaging agent comprising thestep of adding to an indictable medium a substance comprising thecompound of any one of embodiments 108 to 113.

120. A method of treating a patient comprising the step of administeringto a patient a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the compound of any oneof embodiments 108 to 113 complexed with a therapeutic radionuclide.

121. A method of preparing a radiotherapeutic agent comprising the stepof adding to an injectable medium a substance comprising the compound ofany one of embodiments 108 to 113.

122. The compound of embodiment 108, wherein M is Aazta, N is Gly, O is4-aminobenzoic acid, P is 0, and G is BBN (7-14), wherein BBN(7-14) isSEQ ID NO: 1.

123. The compound of embodiment 108, wherein M is CyAazta, N is Gly, Ois 4-aminobenzoic acid, P is 0, and G is BBN (7-14), wherein BBN(7-14)is SEQ ID NO: 1.

124. The compound of embodiment 110, wherein M is Aazta, N is Gly, O is(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid, P is 0, and Gis BBN (7-14), wherein BBN(7-14) is SEQ ID NO: 1.

125. The compound of embodiment 110, wherein M is CyAazta, N is Gly, Ois (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid, P is 0, andG is BBN (7-14), wherein BBN(7-14) is SEQ ID NO: 1.

126. A compound having the following structure:

127. A compound having the following structure:

128. A method for increasing the targeting of a labeled compound to aGRP receptor expressing target tissue within a subject comprising thesteps of:

administering to a subject a first dose comprising a GRP receptortargeting peptide to occupy a GRP receptor binding site in non-targettissue,

administering to said subject a second dose comprising a labeledcompound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

-   -   wherein        -   M is an optical label or a metal chelator complexed with a            radionuclide;        -   N is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking            group;        -   O is an alpha or non-alpha amino acid; and        -   P is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other linking            group,        -   and G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide, and    -   wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid.

129. The method of embodiment 128, wherein the step of administeringsaid first dose and the step of administering said second dose occurcontemporaneously.

130. The method of embodiment 128, wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide in the first dose is conjugated to a linker.

131. The method of embodiment 128, wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide in the first dose is conjugated to a linker which is attached toone or more metal chelator.

132. The method of embodiment 132, wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide, linker and metal chelator of said first dose are the same asthe GRP receptor targeting peptide, N—O—P linker and metal chelator ofthe second dose.

133. The method of embodiment 128, wherein the non-alpha amino acid isselected from the group consisting of:

-   8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid;-   N-4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazine-acetic acid; and-   polyethylene glycol derivatives having the formula    NH₂—(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)—CH₂CO₂H or NH₂—(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)—CH₂CH₂CO₂H where n=2    to 100.

134. The method of embodiment 128, wherein the metal chelator isselected from the group consisting of DTPA, DOTA, DO3A, HP-DO3A, EDTA,TETA, EHPG, HBED, NOTA, DOTMA, TETMA, PDTA, TTHA, LICAM, MECAM, MDOTA,N,N-dimethylGly-Ser-Cys, Aazta and derivatives thereof.

135. The method of embodiment 128, wherein the labeled compoundcomprises a compound selected from the group consisting of:

-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Lys-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Arg-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Asp-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Ser-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Glu-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Dala-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Asp-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Glu-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Dala-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-2,3-diaminopropionic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Asp-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Asp-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Ser-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Arg-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Lys-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-2,3-diaminopropionic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Asp-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Asp-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-4-Hydroxyproline-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-4-aminoproline-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Lys-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Arg-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Ser-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Asp-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Asp-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Ser-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Arg-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Lys-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1; and-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-2,3-diaminopropionic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

136. The method of embodiment 128, wherein the labeled compoundcomprises a compound selected from the group consisting of:

-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-diaminopropionic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-biphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-diphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-4-benzoylphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-5-aminopentanoic acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-D-phenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-aminooctanoic acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-E(G8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid QWAVGHLM-NH₂)-8-aminooctanoic    acid-8-aminooctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1; and-   DO3A-monoamide-E(G-Aoa-Aoa-QWAVGHLM-NH₂)-8-aminooctanoic    acid-8-aminooctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1.

137. A method for increasing the targeting of a labeled compound to aGRP receptor expressing target tissue within a subject comprising thesteps of:

administering to a subject a first dose comprising a GRP receptortargeting peptide to occupy GRP receptor binding sites in non-targettissues,

administering to said subject a second dose comprising a labeledcompound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

-   -   wherein        -   M is an optical label or a metal chelator complexed with a            radionuclide;        -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or            other linking group;        -   O is an alpha amino acid or a substituted bile acid;        -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or            other linking group;        -   G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide, and    -   wherein at least one of N, O or P is a substituted bile acid.

138. The method of embodiment 137, wherein the step of administeringsaid first dose and the step of administering said second dose occurcontemporaneously.

139. The method of embodiment 137, wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide in the first dose is conjugated to a linker.

140. The method of embodiment 137 wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide in the first dose is conjugated to a linker which is attached toone or more metal chelator.

141. The method embodiment 140 wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide, linker and metal chelator of said first dose are the same asthe GRP receptor targeting peptide, N—O—P linker and metal chelator ofthe second dose.

142. The method of embodiment 137, wherein the substituted bile acid isselected from the group consisting of:

-   3β-amino-3-deoxycholic acid;-   (3β,5β)-3-aminocholan-24-oic acid;-   (3β,5β,12α)-3-amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid;-   (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid;-   Lys-(3,6,9)-trioxaundecane-1,1′-dicarbonyl-3,7-dideoxy-3-aminocholic    acid);-   (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7-hydroxy-[2-oxocholan-24-oic acid; and-   (3β,5β,7α)-3-amino-7-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid.

143. The method of embodiment 137, wherein the metal chelator isselected from the group consisting of: DTPA, DOTA, DO3A, HPDO3A, EDTA,TETA, CMDOTA, N,N-dimethylGly-Ser-Cys, Aazta and derivatives thereof.

144. The method of embodiment 137, wherein the labeled compoundcomprises a compound selected from the group consisting of:

-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β)-3-aminocholan-24-oic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,12α)-3-amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-Lys-(3,6,9)-trioxaundecane-11,11-dicarbonyl-3,7-dideoxy-3-aminocholic    acid)-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-3,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,1′-dicarbonyl    Lys(DO3A-monoamide-Gly)-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3 03,53,7α,12α)-3-amino-12-oxocholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-1-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-(3    03,503,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QWAVaHLM-NH₂ wherein QWAVaHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 14;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-f-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-f-WAVGHLL-NH₂ wherein WAVGHLL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 8;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-f-QWAVGHL-NH-pentyl wherein QWAVGHL-NH-pentyl is SEQ ID NO: 6;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-y-QWAV-Bala-H—F-Nle-NH₂ wherein QWAV-Bala-H—F-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID    NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-f-QWAV-Bala-H—F-Nle-NH₂ wherein QWAV-Bala-H—F-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID    NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QWAVGHFL-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 22;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QWAVGNMeH-L-M-NH₂ wherein QWAVGNMeH-L-M-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 15;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-LWAVGSF-M-NH₂ wherein LWAVGSF-M-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 11;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-HWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein HWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 12;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-LWAGHFM-NH₂ wherein LWAGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 20;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QWAVGHFM-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 13;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 3;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 5;-   Pglu-Q-Lys    (DO3A-monoamide)-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 18;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂    wherein QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 3;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂    wherein QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂    wherein QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 5;-   Pglu-Q-Lys(DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic    acid)-LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 18;-   Aazta-Gly-(3β,5β,7α, 12a)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1; and-   CyAazta-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

145. The method of embodiment 137 wherein said labeled compoundcomprisesDO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oicacid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

146. A method for increasing the targeting of a labeled compound to aGRP receptor expressing target tissue within a subject comprising thesteps of:

administering to a subject a first dose comprising a GRP receptortargeting peptide to occupy a GRP receptor binding site in non-targettissue,

administering to said subject a second dose comprising a labeledcompound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

-   -   wherein        -   M is an optical label or a metal chelator complexed with a            radionuclide;        -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a            cyclic group or other linking group;        -   O is an alpha amino acid or a non-alpha amino acid with a            cyclic group;        -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with a            cyclic group, or other linking group; and        -   G is a GRP receptor targeting peptide,    -   wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid with        a cyclic group.

147. The method of embodiment 146, wherein the step of administeringsaid first dose and the step of administering said second dose occurcontemporaneously.

148. The method of embodiment 146, wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide in the first dose is conjugated to a linker.

149. The method of embodiment 146, wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide in the first dose is conjugated to a linker which is attached toone or more metal chelator.

150. The method of embodiment 149, wherein said GRP receptor peptide,linker and metal chelator of said first dose are the same as the GRPreceptor targeting peptide, N—O—P linker and metal chelator of thesecond dose.

151. The method of embodiment 146, wherein the non-alpha amino acid witha cyclic group is selected from the group consisting of:

-   4-aminobenzoic acid;-   4-aminomethyl benzoic acid;-   trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid;-   4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid;-   Isonipecotic acid;-   2-aminomethylbenzoic acid;-   4-amino-3-nitrobenzoic acid;-   4-(3-carboxymethyl-2-keto-1-benzimidazolyl)-piperidine;-   6-(piperazin-1-yl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinone-3-acetic acid;-   (2S,5S)-5-amino-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-azepino[3,21-hi]indole-4-one-2-carboxylic    acid;-   (4S,7R)-4-amino-6-aza-5-oxo-9-thiabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-7-carboxylic    acid;-   3-carboxymethyl-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one;-   N1-piperazineacetic acid;-   N-4-aminoethyl-N-1-acetic acid;-   (3S)-3-amino-1-carboxymethylcaprolactam; and-   (2S,6S,9)-6-amino-2-carboxymethyl-3,8-diazabicyclo-[4,3,0]-nonane-1,4-dione.

152. The method of embodiment 146 wherein the metal chelator is selectedfrom the group consisting of: DTPA, DOTA, DO3A, HPDO3A, EDTA, TETA,N,N-dimethylGly-Ser-Cys, Aazta and derivatives thereof.

153. The method of embodiment 146, wherein the labeled compoundcomprises a compound selected from the group consisting of

-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethyl benzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexyl carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-isonipecotic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-2-aminomethylbenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-1-naphthylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is    SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-(3-carboxymethyl-2-keto-1-benzimidazolyl-piperidine-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-6-(piperazin-1-yl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinone-3-acetic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-(2S,5S)-5-amino-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-azepino[3,21-hi]indole-4-one-2-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-(4S,7R)-4-amino-6-aza-5-oxo-9-thiabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-7-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-N,N-dimethylglycine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-3-carboxymethyl-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-N¹-piperazineacetic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-N⁴-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-(3S)-3-amino-1-carboxymethylcaprolactam-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-(2S,6S,9)-6-amino-2-carboxymethyl-3,8-diazabicyclo-[4,3,0]-nonane-1,4-dione-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-5-aminopentanoic    acid-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-D-phenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethylbenzoic acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-4-benzoyl-(L)-phenylalanine-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-diphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-1-naphthylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is    SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-biphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-(2S,5S)-5-amino-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-azepino[3,21-hi]indole-4-one-2-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-phenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-phenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-aminooctanoic    acid-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4′-aminomethyl-biphenyl-1-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-3′-aminomethyl-biphenyl-3-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   CMDOTA-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethylphenoxyacetic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminophenylacetic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   HPDO3A-4-phenoxy-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID    NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-3-aminomethylbenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethylphenylacetic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethyl-3-methoxybenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   Boa-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-hydrazinobenzoyl-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminobenzoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-6-Aminonicotinic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4′-Amino-2′-methyl biphenyl-4-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3′-Aminobiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-1,2-diaminoethyl-Terephthalic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-EWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    EWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 2;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGHLM-OH wherein QWAVGHLM-OH    is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-(D)-Phe-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 3;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 5;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-(D)-Phe-QWAVGHL-NH-Pentyl    wherein QWAVGHL-NH-Pentyl is SEQ ID NO: 6;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWSVaHLM-NH₂ wherein    QWSVaHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 7;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-(D)-Phe-QWAVGHLL-NH₂    QWAVGHLL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 8;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-(D)-Tyr-QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂    wherein QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-Phe-QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂    wherein QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 9;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAGHFL-NH₂ wherein QWAGHFL-NH₂    is SEQ ID NO: 10;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-LWAVGSFM-NH₂ wherein    LWAVGSFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 11;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-HWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    HWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 12;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-LWAVGSFM-NH₂ wherein    LWAVGSFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 11;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGHFM-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 13;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-6-aminonaphthoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-4-methylaminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   Cm4pm10d2a-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Gly-4-aminobenzoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Gly-3-amino-3-deoxycholic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-methoxy-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-chloro-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-methyl-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-hydroxy-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   (DO3A-monoamide)₂-N,N′-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-succinamic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGHFL-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 22;-   D03A-monoamide-4-aminomethylbenzoic    acid-L-1-Naphthylalanine-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID    NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGNMeHisLM-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGNMeHisLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 15;-   Aazta-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1; and-   CyAazta-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

154. The method of embodiment 146, wherein the labeled compound compriseDO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

155. A method for increasing the targeting of a labeled compound to aGRP receptor expressing target tissue within a subject comprising thestep of administering to a subject a dose comprising a combination of:

-   -   a first GRP receptor targeting peptide to occupy a GRP receptor        binding site in non-target tissue, and    -   a labeled compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

-   -   -   wherein            -   M is an optical label or a metal chelator complexed with                a radionuclide;            -   N is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other                linking group;            -   O is an alpha or non-alpha amino acid; and            -   P is 0, an alpha or non-alpha amino acid or other                linking group,            -   and G is a second GRP receptor targeting peptide, and        -   wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid.

156. The method of embodiment 155, wherein the first GRP receptortargeting peptide is conjugated to a linker.

157. The method of embodiment 155, wherein the first GRP receptortargeting peptide is conjugated to a linker which is attached to one ormore metal chelator.

158. The method of embodiment 157, wherein said first GRP receptorpeptide, linker and metal chelator are the same as the second GRPreceptor targeting peptide, N—O—P linker and metal chelator of thelabeled compound.

159. The method of embodiment 158, wherein the non-alpha amino acid isselected from the group consisting of:

-   8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid;-   N-4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazine-acetic acid; and-   polyethylene glycol derivatives having the formula    NH₂—(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)—CH₂CO₂H or NH₂—(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)—CH₂CH₂CO₂H where n=2    to 100.

160. The method of embodiment 155, wherein the metal chelator isselected from the group consisting of DTPA, DOTA, DO3A, HP-DO3A, EDTA,TETA, EHPG, HBED, NOTA, DOTMA, TETMA, PDTA, TTHA, LICAM, MECAM, CMDOTA,N,N-dimethylGly-Ser-Cys, Aazta and derivatives thereof.

161. The method of embodiment 155, wherein the labeled compoundcomprises a compound selected from the group consisting of:

-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Lys-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Arg-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Asp-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Ser-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Glu-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Dala-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Asp-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Glu-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Dala-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-2,3-diaminopropionic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Asp-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Asp-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Ser-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Arg-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Lys-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-2,3-diaminopropionic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Asp-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N4-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Asp-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-N-1-piperazineacetic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-4-Hydroxyproline-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-4-aminoproline-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Lys-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Arg-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Ser-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Asp-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Asp-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Ser-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Arg-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-Lys-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO:    1; and-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-2,3-diaminopropionic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

162. The method of embodiment 155, wherein the labeled compoundcomprises a compound selected from the group consisting of:

-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-diaminopropionic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-biphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-diphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-4-benzoylphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-5-aminopentanoic acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-D-phenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-aminooctanoic acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-E(G8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid QWAVGHLM-NH₂)-8-aminooctanoic    acid-8-aminooctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1; and-   DO3A-monoamide-E(G-Aoa-Aoa-QWAVGHLM-NH₂)-8-aminooctanoic    acid-8-aminooctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1.

163. A method for increasing the targeting of a labeled compound to aGRP receptor expressing target tissue within a subject comprising thestep of administering to a subject a dose comprising a combination of:

-   -   a first GRP receptor targeting peptide to occupy a GRP receptor        binding site in non-target tissue, and    -   a labeled compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

-   -   -   wherein            -   M is an optical label or a metal chelator complexed with                a radionuclide;            -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or                other linking group;            -   O is an alpha amino acid or a substituted bile acid;            -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a substituted bile acid or                other linking group;            -   G is a second GRP receptor targeting peptide, and        -   wherein at least one of N, O or P is a substituted bile            acid.

164. The method of embodiment 163, wherein the first GRP receptortargeting peptide is conjugated to a linker.

165. The method of embodiment 163, wherein the first GRP receptortargeting peptide is conjugated to a linker which is attached to one ormore metal chelator.

166. The method of embodiment 166, wherein said first GRP receptorpeptide, linker and metal chelator are the same as the second GRPreceptor targeting peptide, N—O—P linker and metal chelator of thelabeled compound.

167. The method of embodiment 163, wherein the substituted bile acid isselected from the group consisting of:

-   3β-amino-3-deoxycholic acid;-   (3β,5β)-3-aminocholan-24-oic acid;-   (3β,5β,12α)-3-amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid;-   (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic acid;-   Lys-(3,6,9)-trioxaundecane-1,1′-dicarbonyl-3,7-dideoxy-3-aminocholic    acid);-   (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7-hydroxy-12-oxocholan-24-oic acid; and-   (3β,5β,7α)-3-amino-7-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid.

168. The method of embodiment 163, wherein the metal chelator isselected from the group consisting of: DTPA, DOTA, DO3A, HPDO3A, EDTA,TETA, CMDOTA, N,N-dimethylGly-Ser-Cys, Aazta and derivatives thereof.

169. The method of embodiment 163, wherein the labeled compoundcomprises a compound selected from the group consisting of:

-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β)-3-aminocholan-24-oic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,12α)-3-amino-12-hydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-Lys-(3,6,9)-trioxaundecane-11,11-dicarbonyl-3,7-dideoxy-3-aminocholic    acid)-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   (3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-3,6,9-trioxaundecane-1,1′-dicarbonyl    Lys(DO3A-monoamide-Gly)-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-12-oxocholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-1-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QWAVaHLM-NH₂ wherein QWAVaHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 14;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-f-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-f-WAVGHLL-NH₂ wherein WAVGHLL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 26;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-f-QWAVGHL-NH-pentyl wherein QWAVGHL-NH-pentyl is SEQ ID NO: 6;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-y-QWAV-Bala-H—F-Nle-NH₂ wherein QWAV-Bala-H—F-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID    NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-f-QWAV-Bala-H—F-Nle-NH₂ wherein QWAV-Bala-H—F-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID    NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QWAVGHFL-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 22;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QWAVGNMeH-L-M-NH₂ wherein QWAVGNMeH-L-M-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGNMeH-L-M-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 15;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-LWAVGSF-M-NH₂ wherein LWAVGSF-M-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 11;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-HWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein HWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 12;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-LWAGHFM-NH₂ wherein LWAGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 20;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QWAVGHFM-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 13;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 3;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 5;-   Pglu-Q-Lys    (DO3A-monoamide)-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 18;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂    wherein QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 3;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂    wherein QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3-amino-3-deoxycholic acid-QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂    wherein QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 5;-   Pglu-Q-Lys(DO3A-monoamide-G-3-amino-3-deoxycholic    acid)-LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein LGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 18;-   Aazta-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1; and-   CyAazta-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

170. The method of embodiment 163, wherein said labeled compoundcomprises

-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-(3β,5β,7α,12α)-3-amino-7,12-dihydroxycholan-24-oic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

171. A method for increasing the targeting of a labeled compound to aGRP receptor expressing target tissue within a subject comprising thestep of administering to a subject a dose comprising a combination of:

-   -   a first GRP receptor targeting peptide to occupy a GRP receptor        binding site in non-target tissue, and    -   a labeled compound of the general formula:

M-N—O—P-G

-   -   -   wherein            -   M is an optical label or a metal chelator complexed with                a radionuclide;            -   N is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with                a cyclic group or other linking group;            -   O is an alpha amino acid or a non-alpha amino acid with                a cyclic group;            -   P is 0, an alpha amino acid, a non-alpha amino acid with                a cyclic group, or other linking group; and            -   G is a second GRP receptor targeting peptide,        -   wherein at least one of N, O or P is a non-alpha amino acid            with a cyclic group.

172. The method of embodiment 171, wherein the first GRP receptortargeting peptide is conjugated to a linker.

173. The method of embodiment 171, wherein the first GRP receptortargeting peptide is conjugated to a linker which is attached to one ormore metal chelator.

174. The method of embodiment 173, wherein said first GRP receptorpeptide, linker and metal chelator are the same as the GRP receptortargeting peptide, N—O—P linker and metal chelator of the labeledcompound.

175. The method of embodiment 171, wherein the non-alpha amino acid witha cyclic group is selected from the group consisting of:

-   4-aminobenzoic acid;-   4-aminomethyl benzoic acid;-   trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid;-   4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid; Isonipecotic acid;-   2-aminomethylbenzoic acid;-   4-amino-3-nitrobenzoic acid;-   4-(3-carboxymethyl-2-keto-1-benzimidazolyl)-piperidine;-   6-(piperazin-1-yl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinone-3-acetic acid;-   (2S,5S)-5-amino-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-azepino[3,21-hi]indole-4-one-2-carboxylic    acid;-   (4S,7R)-4-amino-6-aza-5-oxo-9-thiabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-7-carboxylic    acid;-   3-carboxymethyl-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one;-   N1-piperazineacetic acid;-   N-4-aminoethyl-N-1-acetic acid;-   (3S)-3-amino-1-carboxymethylcaprolactam; and-   (2S,6S,9)-6-amino-2-carboxymethyl-3,8-diazabicyclo-[4,3,0]-nonane-1,4-dione.

176. The method of embodiment 171, wherein the metal chelator isselected from the group consisting of: DTPA, DOTA, DO3A, HPDO3A, EDTA,TETA, N,N-dimethylGly-Ser-Cys, Aazta and derivatives thereof.

177. The method of embodiment 171, wherein the labeled compoundcomprises a compound selected from the group consisting of

-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethyl benzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexyl carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-isonipecotic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-2-aminomethylbenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethyl-3-nitrobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-1-naphthylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is    SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-(3-carboxymethyl-2-keto-1-benzimidazolyl-piperidine-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-6-(piperazin-1-yl)-4-(3H)-quinazolinone-3-acetic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-(2S,5S)-5-amino-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-azepino[3,21-hi]indole-4-one-2-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-(4S,7R)-4-amino-6-aza-5-oxo-9-thiabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-7-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-N,N-dimethylglycine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-3-carboxymethyl-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-N¹-piperazineacetic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-N⁴-aminoethyl-N-1-piperazineacetic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-(3S)-3-amino-1-carboxymethylcaprolactam-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-(2S,6S,9)-6-amino-2-carboxymethyl-3,8-diazabicyclo-[4,3,0]-nonane-1,4-dione-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-5-aminopentanoic    acid-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-D-phenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethylbenzoic acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-4-benzoyl-(L)-phenylalanine-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-Arg-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-Lys-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-diphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-1-naphthylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is    SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-Ser-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-2,3-diaminopropionic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-biphenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-(2S,5S)-5-amino-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-azepino[3,21-hi]indole-4-one-2-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic    acid-phenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic    acid-phenylalanine-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ    ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-8-aminooctanoic    acid-trans-4-aminomethylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4′-aminomethyl-biphenyl-1-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-3′-aminomethyl-biphenyl-3-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   CMDOTA-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethylphenoxyacetic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminophenylacetic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   HPDO3A-4-phenoxy-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID    NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-3-aminomethylbenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethylphenylacetic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminomethyl-3-methoxybenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   Boa-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence    is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-hydrazinobenzoyl-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-4-aminobenzoic acid-Gly-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-6-Aminonicotinic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4′-Amino-2′-methyl biphenyl-4-carboxylic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3′-Aminobiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-1,2-diaminoethyl-Terephthalic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-EWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    EWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 2;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGHLM-OH wherein QWAVGHLM-OH    is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-(D)-Phe-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QRLGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 3;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QRYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 4;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    QKYGNQWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 5;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-(D)-Phe-QWAVGHL-NH-Pentyl    wherein QWAVGHL-NH-Pentyl is SEQ ID NO: 6;

DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWSVaHLM-NH₂ wherein QWSVaHLM-NH₂is SEQ ID NO: 7;

-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-(D)-Phe-QWAVGHLL-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHLL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 8;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-(D)-Tyr-QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂    wherein QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-Phe-QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂    wherein QWAV-Bala-HF-Nle-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 9;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAGHFL-NH₂ wherein QWAGHFL-NH₂    is SEQ ID NO: 10;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-LWAVGSFM-NH₂ wherein    LWAVGSFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 11;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-HWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein    HWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 12;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-LWAVGSFM-NH₂ wherein    LWAVGSFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 11;-   DO3A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGHFM-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHFM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 13;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-3-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-6-aminonaphthoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   DO3A-monoamide-Gly-4-methylaminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   Cm4pm10d2a-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Gly-4-aminobenzoic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   N,N-dimethylglycine-Ser-Cys(Acm)-Gly-Gly-3-amino-3-deoxycholic    acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-methoxy-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-chloro-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-methyl-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-3-hydroxy-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein    the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   (DO3A-monoamide)₂-N,N′-Bis(2-aminoethyl)-succinamic acid-BBN(7-14)    wherein the BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGHFL-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGHFL-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 22;-   D03A-monoamide-4-aminomethylbenzoic    acid-L-1-Naphthylalanine-QWAVGHLM-NH₂ wherein QWAVGHLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID    NO: 1;-   D03A-monoamide-G-4-aminobenzoic acid-QWAVGNMeHisLM-NH₂ wherein    QWAVGNMeHisLM-NH₂ is SEQ ID NO: 15;-   Aazta-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1; and-   CyAazta-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the BBN(7-14)    sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

178. The method of embodiment 171, wherein the labeled compoundcomprises

-   D03A-monoamide-Gly-4-aminobenzoic acid-BBN(7-14) wherein the    BBN(7-14) sequence is SEQ ID NO: 1.

179. The method of embodiment 128, wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide of said first dose is an agonist.

180. The method of embodiment 137, wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide of said first dose is an agonist.

181. The method of embodiment 146, wherein the GRP receptor targetingpeptide of said first dose is an agonist.

182. The method of embodiment 155, wherein the first GRP receptortargeting peptide is an agonist.

183. The method of embodiment 163, wherein the first GRP receptortargeting peptide is an agonist.

184. The method of embodiment 171, wherein the first GRP receptortargeting peptide is an agonist.

185. A method of treating bone or soft tissue metastases of prostatecancer comprising the step of administering to a subject a dosecomprising:

-   -   an amount of radioactively labeled L70,        N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.

186. The method of embodiment 185, wherein said radioactive label is¹⁷⁷Lu.

187. The method of embodiment 185, wherein said dose is about 3-30mCi/kg of ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L 70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.

188. The method of embodiment 185 wherein said dose is administeredintravenously.

189. The method of embodiment 185 wherein said tumor exhibits areduction in aberrant vasculature.

190. The method of embodiment 185 wherein time to progression isincreased by at least about 15%.

191. A method of treating hormone sensitive prostate cancer comprisingthe step of administering to a subject a dose comprising:

-   -   an amount of radioactively labeled L70,        N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.

192. The method of embodiment 191 wherein said radioactive label is¹⁷⁷Lu.

193. The method of embodiment 191 wherein said dose is about 3-30 mCi/kgof ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.

194. The method of embodiment 191 wherein said dose is administeredintravenously.

195. The method of embodiment 191 wherein said tumor exhibits areduction in aberrant vasculature.

196. The method of embodiment 191 wherein time to progression isincreased by at least about 15%.

197. A method of treating hormone refractory prostate cancer comprisingthe step of administering to a subject a dose comprising:

-   -   an amount of radioactively labeled L70,        N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.

198. The method of embodiment 197 wherein said radioactive label is¹⁷⁷Lu.

199. The method of embodiment 197 wherein said dose is about 3-30 mCi/kgof ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.

200. The method of embodiment 197 wherein said dose is administeredintravenously.

201. A method of delaying progression of hormone sensitive prostatecancer comprising the step of administering to a subject a dosecomprising:

-   -   an amount of radioactively labeled L70,        N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,        sufficient to cause a reduction in aberrant vasculature in a        tumor or increased time to progression.

202. The method of embodiment 201 wherein said radioactive label is¹⁷⁷Lu.

203. The method of embodiment 201 wherein said dose is about 3-30 mCi/kgof ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.

204. The method of embodiment 201 wherein said dose is administeredintravenously.

205. The method of embodiment 201 wherein said tumor exhibits areduction in aberrant vasculature.

206. The method of embodiment 201 wherein time to progression isincreased by at least about 15%.

207. The method of embodiment 201 wherein time to progression isincreased by at least about 50%.

208. The method of embodiment 201 wherein time to progression isincreased by about 100%.

209. A method of facilitating combination therapy in hormone sensitiveprostate cancer comprising the step of administering to a subject a dosecomprising:

-   -   an amount of radioactively labeled L70,        N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,        sufficient to cause a reduction in aberrant vasculature in a        tumor or increased time to progression.

210. The method of embodiment 209 wherein said radioactive label is¹⁷⁷Lu.

211. The method of embodiment 209 wherein said dose is about 3-30 mCi/kgof ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L 70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.

212. The method of embodiment 209 wherein said dose is administeredintravenously.

213. The method of embodiment 209 wherein said tumor exhibits areduction in aberrant vasculature.

214. The method of embodiment 209 wherein time to progression isincreased by at least about 15%.

215. A method of decreasing aberrant vascular permeability in patientswith hormone sensitive prostate cancer comprising the step ofadministering to a subject a dose comprising:

-   -   an amount of radioactively labeled L70,        N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.

216. The method of embodiment 215 wherein said radioactive label is¹⁷⁷Lu.

217. The method of embodiment 215 wherein said dose is about 3-30 mCi/kgof ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L 70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.

218. The method of embodiment 215 wherein said dose is administeredintravenously.

1. A method of treating bone or soft tissue metastases of prostatecancer comprising the step of administering to a subject a dosecomprising: an amount of radioactively labeled L70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.2. The method of claim 1 wherein said radioactive label is ¹⁷⁷Lu.
 3. Themethod of claim 1 wherein said dose is about 3-30 mCi/kg of¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L 70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.4. The method of claim 1 wherein said dose is administeredintravenously.
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein said tumor exhibits areduction in aberrant vasculature.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein timeto progression is increased by at least about 15%.
 7. A method oftreating hormone sensitive prostate cancer comprising the step ofadministering to a subject a dose comprising: an amount of radioactivelylabeled L70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.8. The method of claim 7 wherein said radioactive label is ¹⁷⁷Lu.
 9. Themethod of claim 7 wherein said dose is about 3-30 mCi/kg of¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.10. The method of claim 7 wherein said dose is administeredintravenously.
 11. The method of claim 7 wherein said tumor exhibits areduction in aberrant vasculature.
 12. The method of claim 7 whereintime to progression is increased by at least about 15%.
 13. A method oftreating hormone refractory prostate cancer comprising the step ofadministering to a subject a dose comprising: an amount of radioactivelylabeled L70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.14. The method of claim 13 wherein said radioactive label is ¹⁷⁷Lu. 15.The method of claim 13 wherein said dose is about 3-30 mCi/kg of¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.16. The method of claim 13 wherein said dose is administeredintravenously.
 17. A method of delaying progression of hormone sensitiveprostate cancer comprising the step of administering to a subject a dosecomprising: an amount of radioactively labeled L70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,sufficient to cause a reduction in aberrant vasculature in a tumor orincreased time to progression.
 18. The method of claim 17 wherein saidradioactive label is ¹⁷⁷Lu.
 19. The method of claim 17 wherein said doseis about 3-30 mCi/kg of ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.20. The method of claim 17 wherein said dose is administeredintravenously.
 21. The method of claim 17 wherein said tumor exhibits areduction in aberrant vasculature.
 22. The method of claim 17 whereintime to progression is increased by at least about 15%.
 23. The methodof claim 17 wherein time to progression is increased by at least about50%.
 24. The method of claim 17 wherein time to progression is increasedby about 100%.
 25. A method of facilitating combination therapy inhormone sensitive prostate cancer comprising the step of administeringto a subject a dose comprising: an amount of radioactively labeled L70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide,sufficient to cause a reduction in aberrant vasculature in a tumor orincreased time to progression.
 26. The method of claim 25 wherein saidradioactive label is ¹⁷⁷Lu.
 27. The method of claim 25 wherein said doseis about 3-30 mCi/kg of ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L 70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.28. The method of claim 25 wherein said dose is administeredintravenously.
 29. The method of claim 25 wherein said tumor exhibits areduction in aberrant vasculature.
 30. The method of claim 25 whereintime to progression is increased by at least about 15%.
 31. A method ofdecreasing aberrant vascular permeability in patients with hormonesensitive prostate cancer comprising the step of administering to asubject a dose comprising: an amount of radioactively labeled L70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.32. The method of claim 31 wherein said radioactive label is ¹⁷⁷Lu. 33.The method of claim 31 wherein said dose is about 3-30 mCi/kg of¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled L 70,N-[4-[[[[[4,7,10-Tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-glycyl-L-histidyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninamide.34. The method of claim 31 wherein said dose is administeredintravenously.